An apparatus for treating a substrate with a cryogenic impingement fluid includes a protective enclosure defining an internal cavity, a cryogenic fluid applicator positioned within the internal cavity and a snow generation system connected to the cryogenic fluid applicator. The snow generation syste
An apparatus for treating a substrate with a cryogenic impingement fluid includes a protective enclosure defining an internal cavity, a cryogenic fluid applicator positioned within the internal cavity and a snow generation system connected to the cryogenic fluid applicator. The snow generation system includes a condensing subsystem and a diluent or propellant gas subsystem. Each subsystem is connectable to a common gas source. The condensing subsystem includes a condenser for condensing liquid carbon dioxide into solid carbon dioxide particles, or dry ice snow. The condenser includes at least two segments of differing diameter connected to one another. Liquid carbon dioxide is introduced into the smaller diameter first segment and upon entering the larger diameter second segment, solidifies into dry ice particles. The dry ice particles, along with diluent or propellant gas produced from the diluent subsystem, are delivered to the cryogenic fluid applicator via a coaxial delivery tube.
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The invention claimed is: 1. An apparatus for treating a substrate with a cryogenic impingement fluid comprising: a protective enclosure defining an internal cavity; a cryogenic fluid applicator positioned within the internal cavity; and a snow generation system connected to the cryogenic fluid app
The invention claimed is: 1. An apparatus for treating a substrate with a cryogenic impingement fluid comprising: a protective enclosure defining an internal cavity; a cryogenic fluid applicator positioned within the internal cavity; and a snow generation system connected to the cryogenic fluid applicator, the snow generation system including a condenser having a first capillary segment connected to a liquid carbon dioxide feed line and a second capillary segment attached to the first capillary segment, the second capillary segment having a greater inner diameter than the first capillary segment, wherein liquid carbon dioxide enters the first capillary segment from the liquid carbon dioxide feed line and progresses toward the second segment, whereupon entering the second segment, at least a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide condenses into solid carbon dioxide particles. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 and further comprising a third capillary segment attached to the second capillary segment, the third capillary segment having a greater inner diameter than the second capillary segment, whereupon passing from the second capillary segment into the third capillary segment at least a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide further condenses. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each capillary segment is flexible. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 and further comprising an insulator contacting an outer surface of each capillary segment. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the snow generation system further comprises a conduit, the condenser positionable therein, wherein a gas or fluid is transportable through the conduit and about the condenser. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the inner diameter of each capillary segment is less than 3 millimeters. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second capillary segment includes a length greater than 500 millimeters. 8. An apparatus for treating a substrate with a cryogenic impingement fluid comprising: a protective enclosure defining an internal cavity; a cryogenic fluid applicator positioned within the internal cavity; and a snow generation system connected to the cryogenic fluid applicator, the snow generation system comprising: a first flexible tube; and a second flexible tube adjoined to the first tube, the second tube having a greater inner diameter than the first tube, whereupon introducing liquid carbon dioxide into the first tube, the liquid carbon dioxide progresses to the second tube, whereupon entering the second tube at least a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide condenses to form solid carbon dioxide particles. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 and further comprising a third tube adjoined to the second tube, the third tube having a greater inner diameter than the second tube, whereupon entering the third tube from the second tube, at least a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide further condenses. 10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the snow generation system further comprises an insulator contacting an outer surface of each tube. 11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the snow generation system further comprises a conduit, the first and second tube positionable therein, wherein a gas or fluid is transportable through the conduit and about the first and second tubes. 12. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the inner diameter of each tube ranges from about 0.12 millimeters to less than 3 millimeters. 13. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein each tube has a length ranging from about 0.3 meters to about 7.3 meters. 14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein each tube has a length ranging from greater than 0.5 meters to about 7.3 meters. 15. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein at least one tube includes a polymeric construction to provide an insulating effect. 16. An apparatus for treating a substrate with a cryogenic impingement spray comprising: a protective enclosure defining an internal cavity; a cryogenic impingement spray applicator positioned within the internal cavity; and a cryogenic impingement spray generator connected to the applicator, the generator comprising: a first tube; a second tube connected to the first tube, the second tube having a greater inner diameter than the first tube; and a third tube connected to the second tube, the third tube having a greater inner diameter than the second tube, wherein liquid carbon dioxide enters the first tube and progresses toward the second tube, whereupon entering the second tube at least a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide condenses into solid carbon dioxide particles, whereupon passing from the second tube to the third tube at least a portion of the remaining liquid carbon dioxide further condenses onto the solid carbon dioxide particles. 17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the cryogenic impingement spray generator further comprises an insulator contacting an outer surface of each tube. 18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the cryogenic impingement spray generator further comprises a conduit, each tube positionable therein, wherein a gas or fluid is transportable through the conduit and about each tube. 19. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein each tube has a length ranging from about 0.3 meters to about 7.3 meters. 20. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the inner diameter of each tube ranges from about 0.12 millimeters to about 3.18 millimeters.
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