IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0361166
(2003-02-07)
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우선권정보 |
FR-02 01506(2002-02-07) |
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Gueret,Vincent
- Moreau,Serge
|
출원인 / 주소 |
- L'Air Liquide, Soci?t? Anonyme ? Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Proc?d?s Georges Claude
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
10 인용 특허 :
31 |
초록
▼
Process for purifying or separating a gas or gas mixture using a monolithic adsorbent for the separation or purification of gases or gas mixtures, having a cellular structure with open porosity in the form of a solid foam permeable to the gas molecules. The gas phase of the adsorbent possesses an es
Process for purifying or separating a gas or gas mixture using a monolithic adsorbent for the separation or purification of gases or gas mixtures, having a cellular structure with open porosity in the form of a solid foam permeable to the gas molecules. The gas phase of the adsorbent possesses an essentially convex structure and the solid phase an essentially concave structure. The solid foam has a density of greater than or equal to 500 kg/m3 and an open porosity of between 20 and 60%. The gas is air or an H2/CO mixture. The process is of the VSA, PSA or TSA type. This process can be used in particular in OBOGS-type systems to supply passengers of the vehicle or a device participating in the traction of the vehicle and/or in its electrical supply, in particular a fuel cell. This process can also be used in medical oxygen concentrators.
대표청구항
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What is claimed is: 1. A process for purifying or separating a gas or gas mixture comprising: contacting a gas or gas mixture with a monolithic adsorbent, wherein said adsorbent comprises a cellular structure with an open porosity in the form of a solid foam permeable to the gas molecules, and whe
What is claimed is: 1. A process for purifying or separating a gas or gas mixture comprising: contacting a gas or gas mixture with a monolithic adsorbent, wherein said adsorbent comprises a cellular structure with an open porosity in the form of a solid foam permeable to the gas molecules, and wherein said solid foam comprises a density greater than or equal to about 500 kg/m3 and contains an open porosity from about 20 to about 60%. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the open porosity of said adsorbent is from about 30 to about 50%. 3. The process according to claim 2, wherein said adsorbent consists of a solid phase comprising at least about 40% by weight of at least one adsorbent material comprising a zeolite, silica gel, activated alumina, or active carbon, and the balance consisting of at least one mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties. 4. The process according to claim 2, wherein said adsorbent has a solid phase comprising at least about 60% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 70% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 6. The process according to claim 2, wherein said adsorbent comprises a mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties which further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of an inorganic oxide, a ceramic, a metal, a carbon, and a polymer. 7. The process according to claim 2, wherein said adsorbent has a zeolitic phase containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, and lanthanides. 8. The process according to claim 2, wherein said adsorbent contains metal cations selected from the group consisting of lithium, calcium, sodium, and potassium. 9. The process according to claim 2, wherein said gas is air or a mixture containing H2 and CO. 10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the size of the pores of the gas phase of said adsorbent is from about 0.1 to about 10 mm. 11. The process according to claim 10, wherein the size of the pores of the gas phase of said adsorbent is from about 0.2 to about 1. 5 mm. 12. The process according to claim 11, wherein said adsorbent consists of a solid phase comprising at least about 40% by weight of at least one adsorbent material comprising a zeolite, silica gel, activated alumina, or active carbon, and the balance consisting of at least one mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties. 13. The process according to claim 11, wherein said adsorbent has a solid phase comprising at least about 60% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 14. The process according to claim 13, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 70% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 15. The process according to claim 11, wherein said adsorbent comprises a mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties which further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of an inorganic oxide, a ceramic, a metal, a carbon, and a polymer. 16. The process according to claim 11, wherein said adsorbent has a zeolitic phase containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, and lanthanides. 17. The process according to claim 11, wherein said gas is air or a mixture containing H2 and CO. 18. The process according to claim 10, wherein said adsorbent consists of a solid phase comprising at least about 40% by weight of at least one adsorbent material comprising a zeolite, silica gel, activated alumina, or active carbon, and the balance consisting of at least one mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties. 19. The process according to claim 10, wherein said adsorbent has a solid phase comprising at least about 60% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 20. The process according to claim 19, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 70% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 21. The process according to claim 10, wherein said adsorbent comprises a mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties which further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of an inorganic oxide, a ceramic, a metal, a carbon, and a polymer. 22. The process according to claim 10, wherein said adsorbent has a zeolitic phase containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, and lanthanides. 23. The process according to claim 10, wherein said adsorbent contains metal cations selected from the group consisting of lithium, calcium, sodium, and potassium. 24. The process according to claim 10, wherein said gas is air or a mixture containing H2 and CO. 25. The process according to claim 1, wherein the density of said adsorbent is from about 500 kg/m3 to about 900 kg/3 . 26. The process according to claim 1, wherein said adsorbent consists of a solid phase comprising at least about 40% by weight of at least one adsorbent material comprising a zeolite, silica gel, activated alumina, or active carbon, and the balance consisting of at least one mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties. 27. The process according to claim 1, wherein said adsorbent has a solid phase comprising at least about 60% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 28. The process according to claim 27, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 70% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 29. The process according to claim 1, wherein said adsorbent comprises a mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties which further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of an inorganic oxide, a ceramic, a metal, a carbon, and a polymer. 30. The process according to claim 1, wherein said adsorbent has a zeolitic phase containing at last one component selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, and lanthanides. 31. The process according to claim 1, wherein said adsorbent contains metal cations selected from the group consisting of lithium, calcium, sodium, and potassium. 32. The process according to claim 31, wherein said adsorbent contains lithium metal cations. 33. The process according to claim 1, wherein said gas is air or a mixture containing H2 and CO. 34. The process according to claim 1, wherein said gas is air. 35. The process according to claim 1, wherein said process further comprises: producing at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, CH4, CO, CO2, and nitrogen. 36. The process according to claim 35, wherein said process further comprises: producing a stream of oxygen-enriched gas. 37. The process according to claim 35, wherein said process produces oxygen on board a vehicle (OBOGS) from air, and wherein said oxygen comprises a purity from about 50 to about 96% by volume. 38. The process according to claim 37, wherein said oxygen comprises a purity from about 60 to about 93%, by volume. 39. The process according to claim 35, wherein a medical oxygen concentrator comprises at least one adsorber, operating in a VSA, PSA, or VPSA, mode, and, wherein said adsorber produces a stream of oxygen-rich gas containing at least about 25% oxygen by volume. 40. The process according to claim 35, wherein said adsorbent produces at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, CH4, CO, CO2, and nitrogen. 41. The process according to claim 35, wherein the process comprises a further step of: removing at least one impurity selected from the group consisting of H2O, CO2, NxOy, and unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons. 42. The process according to claim 1, wherein said process further comprises: removing at least one impurity selected from the group consisting of H2O, CO2, NxOy, unsaturated, and saturated hydrocarbons. 43. The process according to claim 1, wherein said process is selected from the group consisting of VSA, PSA, and TSA. 44. The process according to claim 1, wherein a medical oxygen concentrator comprises at least two adsorbers, operating in a VSA, PSA, or VPSA, mode, and wherein said adsorber produces a stream of oxygen-rich gas containing at least about 25% oxygen by volume. 45. The process according to claim 1, wherein a medical oxygen concentrator comprises at least three adsorbers operating in a VSA, PSA, or VPSA, mode, and wherein said adsorber produces a stream of oxygen-rich gas containing at least about 25% oxygen by volume. 46. The process according to claim 1, wherein said process is selected from the group consisting of VSA, PSA, and VPSA,. 47. An apparatus for purifying or separating a gas or gas mixture with a monolithic adsorbent that comprises: i) a cellular structure with an open porosity in the form of a solid foam permeable to gas molecules, and ii) wherein said solid foam comprises a density greater than or equal to about 500 kg/m3 and contains an open porosity from about 20 to about 60%. 48. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein the open porosity of said adsorbent is from about 30 to about 50%. 49. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein said adsorbent consists of a solid phase comprising at least about 40% by weight of at least one adsorbent material comprising a zeolite, silica gel, activated alumina, or active carbon, and the balance consisting of at least one mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties. 50. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 60% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 51. The apparatus according to claim 50, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 70% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 52. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein said adsorbent comprises a mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having a particular thermal properties which further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of an inorganic oxide, a ceramic, a metal, a carbon, a polymer. 53. The apparatus according to claim48, wherein said adsorbent has a zeolitic phase containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of: alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, and lanthanides. 54. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein said adsorbent contains metal cations selected from the group consisting of lithium, calcium, sodium, and potassium. 55. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein said apparatus comprises means to purify and/or separate at least one gas selected from the group consisting of: air, H2O, and CO. 56. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein said adsorbent comprises means to produce at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, CH4, CO, CO2, and nitrogen. 57. The apparatus according to claim 56, wherein said apparatus comprises means to remove at least one impurity selected from the group consisting of H2O, CO2, NxOy , and unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons. 58. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein the size of the pores of said adsorbent is from about 0.1 to about 10 nm. 59. The apparatus according to claim 58, wherein the size of the pores of the gas phase of said adsorbent is from about 0.2 to about 1. 5 mm. 60. The apparatus according to claim 59, wherein said adsorbent consists of a solide phase comprising at least about 40% by weight of at least one adsorbent material comprising a zeolite, silica gel, activated alumina, or active carbon, and the balance consisting of at least one mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties. 61. The apparatus according to claim 59, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 60% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 62. The apparatus according to claim 61, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 70% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 63. The apparatus according to claim 59, wherein said adsorbent comprises a mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties which further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of an inorganic oxide, a ceramic, a metal, a carbon, and a polymer. 64. The apparatus according to claim 59, wherein said adsorbent has a zeolitic phase containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of: alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, and lanthanides. 65. The apparatus according to claim 59, wherein said apparatus comprises means to purify and/or separate at least one gas selected from the group consisting of: air, H2O, and CO. 66. The apparatus according to claim 58, wherein said adsorbent consists of a solid phase comprising at least about 40% by weight of at least one adsorbent material comprising a zeolite, silica gel, activated alumina, or active carbon, and the balance consisting of at least one mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties. 67. The apparatus according to claim 58, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 60% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 68. The apparatus according to claim 67, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 70% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 69. The apparatus according to claim 58, wherein said adsorbent comprises a mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties which further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of an inorganic oxide, a ceramic, a metal, a carbon, and a polymer. 70. The apparatus according to claim 58, wherein said adsorbent has a zeolitic phase containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of: alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, and lanthanides. 71. The apparatus according to claim 58, wherein said adsorbent contains metal cations selected from the group consisting of lithium, calcium, sodium, and potassium. 72. The apparatus according to claim 58, wherein said apparatus comprises means to purify and/or separate at least one gas selected from the group consisting of: air, H2, and CO. 73. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein the density of said adsorbent is from about 500 kg/m3 to about 900 kg/m 3. 74. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said adsorbent consists of a solid phase comprising at least about 40% by weight of at least one adsorbent material comprising a zeolite, silica gel, activated alumina, or active carbon, and the balance consisting of at least one mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties. 75. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 60% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 76. The apparatus according to claim 75, wherein the solid phase of said adsorbent comprises at least about 70% by weight of at least one adsorbent material. 77. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said adsorbent comprises a mechanical reinforcement material and/or a material having particular thermal properties which further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of an inorganic oxide, a ceramic, a metal, a carbon, and a polymer. 78. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said adsorbent has a zeolitic phase containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of: alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, and lanthanides. 79. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said adsorbent contains metal cations selected from the group consisting of lithium, calcium, sodium, and potassium. 80. The apparatus according to claim 79, wherein said adsorbent contains lithium metal cations. 81. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said apparatus comprises means to purify and/or separate at least one gas selected from the group consisting of: air, H2, and CO. 82. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said apparatus comprises means to produce at least one gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, CH4, CO, CO2, and nitrogen. 83. The apparatus according to claim 82, wherein said apparatus comprises means to produce oxygen on board a vehicle (OBOGS) from air and wherein said oxygen comprises a purity from about 50 to about 96% by volume. 84. The apparatus according to claim 83, wherein said oxygen comprises a purity from about 60 to about 93%, by volume. 85. The apparatus according to claim 83, wherein said apparatus has the means to produce oxygen-rich gas for at least one device installed on board a vehicle and participates in the traction of the vehicle and/or its electrical supply. 86. The apparatus according to claim 85, wherein said apparatus has the means to produce oxygen-rich gas to at least one device installed on board a vehicle and participating in the traction of the vehicle and/or its electrical supply is a fuel cell. 87. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said apparatus comprises means to remove at least one impurity selected from the group consisting of H2O, CO2, NxOy , and unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons.
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