A fire or explosion suppression system comprises a source (30) of a liquid suppressant under pressure, and a source ( 32) of an inert gas under pressure. The liquid suppressant is a chemical substance having a low environmental impact, with a short atmospheric lifetime of less than 30 days. The iner
A fire or explosion suppression system comprises a source (30) of a liquid suppressant under pressure, and a source ( 32) of an inert gas under pressure. The liquid suppressant is a chemical substance having a low environmental impact, with a short atmospheric lifetime of less than 30 days. The inert gas may be nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, neon or helium or mixtures of any two or more of them. The suppressant and the inert gas are fed under pressure to an output unit (34) comprising a mixing chamber in which the liquid and the gas impinge to produce a mist of the liquid suppressant of very small droplet size which is entrained in the pressurised gas together with vapour from the liquid, the so-entrained mist and vapour and the gas being discharged by a nozzle (44) into an area to be protected. The mist and vapour are therefore carried by the entraining and transporting high pressure gas into regions of the areas to be protected, enabling a total flooding capability. The inert gas also performs a fire or explosion suppressing capability.
대표청구항▼
The invention claimed is: 1. A method of suppressing a fire or explosion, in which a fire or explosion suppressing chemical substance which is in liquid form or substantially so at normal temperatures and pressures is dispersed as a suspension in a fire or explosion suppressing gas and discharged w
The invention claimed is: 1. A method of suppressing a fire or explosion, in which a fire or explosion suppressing chemical substance which is in liquid form or substantially so at normal temperatures and pressures is dispersed as a suspension in a fire or explosion suppressing gas and discharged with the gas into an area to be protected, comprising: producing a mist of the chemical substance and entraining the mist in the gas, the production of the mist and the entrainment of the mist in the gas taking place before the discharge of the suspension into the area to be protected; and said discharge comprising discharging said suspension into an area to be protected; the chemical substance comprising one or more chemicals of the structure Z-R-X-Y, where the monovalent radical Z is a halogen atom taken from the group fluorine (--F) or bromine (--Br); where the divalent radical R is a perfluoro-or polyfluoro-alkylidene group of formula--CnHpF2n-p--, with n in the range 1 to 6, and p in the range 0 to 4; where the divalent X is either an enther linkage,--O--, or an alkenic linkage,--CW═CH--, with W being either hydrogen (--H) or bromine (--Br); and where the monovalent radical Y is selected from the group hydrogen (--H), bromine (--Br), or alkyl of formula--CmH2m+1 with m in the range 1-4 or perfluoroalkyl of formula--CmF2m+1 with m in the range 1-4 or polyfluoro-alkyl group of formula--CmHkF2m+ 1-k where m is in the range 1-4 and k is in the range 1 to 2m; and with the provisos that (i) there is always one, and only one, bromine atom in the chemical Z-R-X-Y, and that (ii) the total number of carbon atoms in the chemical Z-R-X-Y is in the range 3-6; and the chemical substance having an atmospheric lifetime of less than 30 days. 2. A method according to claim 1, where the monovalent radical Z is a bromine atom (--Br); where n is in the range 2 to 3; where the divalent radical X is an ether linkage--O--; and where the monovalent radical Y is the alkyl or polyfluoro-alkyl group of formula--CmHkF2m+1-k where m is in the range 1 to 2 and k is in the range 1 to 2m+1; and with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule, n+m+2, is in the range 3-5. 3. A method according to claim 1, in which the molecular weight of the chemical Z-R-X-Y lies in the range 150-400. 4. A method according to claim 1, in which the groups R, X and Y are chosen so that the weight % of halogen (fluorine and bromine) in the chemical Z-R-X-Y lies in the range 70-90%. 5. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance comprises 2-bromo-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethane. 6. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-1,1,2,2tetrafluoro-1-methoxyethane. 7. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-1',1',1',2,2-pentafluoro-1-methoxyethane. 8. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene. 9. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance is 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butene. 10. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene. 11. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance is 1-bromo-3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene. 12. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance is 1-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene. 13. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene. 14. A method according to claim 1, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-3,4,4,4,4',4',4'-heptafluoro-3-methyl-1-butene. 15. A method according to claim 1, in which the gas comprises one or more of argon, helium, neon, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 16. A fire or explosion suppressant system, comprising: a source of a fire or explosion suppressing chemical substance which is in liquid form or substantially so at normal temperatures and pressures, a source of a pressurized fire or explosion suppressing gas, a disperser for dispersing the chemical substance as a suspension in the pressurized gas, the disperser being adapted for producing a mist of the chemical substance and entraining the mist in the gas, and a discharger for discharging the suspension into an area to be protected; the chemical substance comprising one or more chemicals of the structure Z-R-X-Y, where the monovalent radical Z is a halogen atom taken from the group fluorine (--F) or bromine (--Br); where the divalent radical R is a perfluoro-or polyfluoro-alkylidene group of formula--CnHpF2n-p--, with n in the range 1 to 6, and p in the range 0 to 4; where the divalent radical X is either an ether linkage,--O--, or an alkenic linkage,--CW═CH--, with W being either hydrogen (--H) or bromine (--Br); and where the monovalent radical Y is selected from the group hydrogen (--H), bromine (--Br), or alkyl of formula--CmH2m+1 with m in the range 1-4 or perfluoroalkyl of formula--CmF2m+1 with m in the range 1-4 or polyfluoro-alkyl group of formula--CmHkF2m+ 1-k where m is in the range 1 to 4 and k is in the range 1 to 2m; and with the provisos that (i) there is always one, and only one, bromine atom in the chemical Z-R-X-Y and that (ii); the total number of carbon atoms in the chemical Z-R-X-Y is in the range 3-6, and the chemical substance having an atmospheric lifetime of less than 30 days. 17. A system according to claim 16, where the monovalent radical Z is a bromine atom (--Br); where n is in the range 2 to 3; where the divalent radical X is an ether linkage--O--; and where the monovalent radical Y is the alkyl or polyfluoro-alkyl group of formula--CmHkF2m+1-k where m is in the range 1 to 2 and k is in the range 1 to 2m+1; and with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule, n+m+2, is in the range 3-5. 18. A system according to claim 16, in which the molecular weight of the chemical Z-R-X-Y lies in the range 150-400. 19. A system according to claim 16, in which the groups R, X and Y are chosen so that the weight % of halogen (fluorine and bromine) in the chemical Z-R-X-Y lies in the range 70-90%. 20. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance comprises 2-bromo-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethane. 21. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-methoxyethane. 22. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-1',1',1',2,2-pentafluoro-1-methoxyethane. 23. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene. 24. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance is 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butene. 25. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene. 26. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance is 1-bromo-3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene. 27. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance is 1-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene. 28. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene. 29. A system according to claim 16, in which the chemical substance is 2-bromo-3,4,4,4,4',4',4'-heptafluoro-3-methyl-1-butene. 30. A system according to claim 16, in which the gas comprises one or more of argon, helium, neon, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
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