초록 ▼

The space-saving, long operating, and cheap vortex plants of large power intensively combine solar, either waste and secondary, or geothermal heating of slightly pressured water with use of wind, giving competitive electricity and water production without firing of fuel, extensive convection collect

The space-saving, long operating, and cheap vortex plants of large power intensively combine solar, either waste and secondary, or geothermal heating of slightly pressured water with use of wind, giving competitive electricity and water production without firing of fuel, extensive convection collector, mechanical sucking of free air, overstressed moving parts of vortex tower, or large number of air turbines. The embodiments of plants due to different climate and regime include simplified and compacted vortex tower with staged system of forcing and controlling jets of saturated steam along vortex channel, flow-through electric generator with rotated drum or magnetic concentrators, and regime storage at use of waste or geothermal heat, and at use of solar heat under mainly positive ambient temperatures. For starting up and flexible operation during cold winter at absence of wind, solar radiation and hot free air, a compacted off-seasonal storage of high heat density is used for solar heating, storing and flashing of water, and heating and acceleration of saturated steam and wind or sucked air supplying kinetic energy and heat into vortex tower.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. An all-weather vortex plant of large electric power intensified, compacted, and cheapened via high-power kinetic energy and latent condensation heat of staged system of fast jets of saturated steam located along height of vortex tower before and after a flow-through electric

What is claimed is: 1. An all-weather vortex plant of large electric power intensified, compacted, and cheapened via high-power kinetic energy and latent condensation heat of staged system of fast jets of saturated steam located along height of vortex tower before and after a flow-through electric generator with rotated drum; steam nozzles fed by controlled flash-off drums using slightly pressured, heated, and stored water supply the system; the plant has alternatively one or two from solar, geothermal, or waste and secondary sources for heating of water to supplement, replace and exceed energy of used wind without combustion of fuel, extensive convection collector, mechanical sucking of ambient air, overstressed moving components of vortex tower, or large number of air turbines of limited power; the plant can fast start up and operate a long time, partly, during insufficient or absent wind and source of heat at changeable and low ambient temperatures and electric loads giving changeable and reduced velocities of vortex airflow, and preferably comprises: a steam-enhanced vortex tower having a vertical vortex channel with located along said channel a near-bottom vortex energizer, at least one swirler above, a flow-though electric generator with rotated drum and flexible three-phase stator having switched modules, at least one re-enhancer above said generator, and a top diffuser; a staged system of rows of alternate steam and air nozzles, which form said energizer, swirler(s) and re-enhancer(s) and have stretched outlets of accelerated steam jets and accelerated flows of captured wind or sucked ambient air directed into said vortex channel; a system of slots in inner walls of said vortex channel for centrifugal capturing of condensate drops precipitating inside vortex flow from vapor of whirling saturated air, and from said saturated steam mixing with colder air along height of said channel; an outside system supplying heated and stored water to zones surrounding said vortex channel; said air nozzles are formed by hollow neighboring streamline columns surrounding, supporting and strengthening said vortex channel; said columns are hollow and contain said flash-off drums with fed steam nozzles having stretched outlets into said vortex channel between stretched outlets said air nozzles, and have slots for capturing of condensate; said columns are strengthened by hollow rings having slots for capturing of condensate; said flash-off drums have piping of hot water with control pumps and 1 fitting, and piping with control pumps and fitting for condensate removed after said flash-off drums and slots; said steam nozzles receive saturated steam from said flash-off drums and accelerate said steam jets quasi-tangentially-and-upward into said vortex channel; said steam jets suck, force, and accelerate said captured wind or flows of sucked stagnant air through said air nozzles into said vortex channel under pressure drop created in vortex flow and supported by said steam jets, under kinetic energy of accelerated steam, and via latent condensation heat of saturated steam partially condensing and conversing into directed kinetic energy inside said vortex channel; said air nozzles have adjustable inlet vanes controlling acceleration said captured wind, or suction and acceleration of said free air, quasi-tangentially-and-upward into said vortex channel; said outside system has heaters that heat slightly pressured water up to ˜100째 C. or higher without boiling, and can have regime storage of heat with excess depending on climatic and regime conditions; said heaters have alternatively one or two from solar, either geothermal, or waste and secondary sources of heat available in local conditions; said heaters are intensified and compacted via sucking of heated water by vortex flow through outlet water piping, giving increased water velocities and heat transfer, and allowing use cheap construction materials and fabrication and maintenance technologies; said heaters using solar radiation include first stage with long water-cooled cylinder parabolic reflectors and second stage with water-cooled collectors of large diameter at several discrete steps of daily one-axis orientation on sun; said waste source of heat can be complemented by another waste or secondary source of heat available at the same factory or power plant, thus providing long operation at negative ambient temperatures (째 C.), and can supported by regime storage for power augmenting alternatively by complementing solar or geothermal heating, providing excess dependently on regime of waste heat rejection and power loading; said waste heat rejected with water can be utilized directly or after purifying of water, and waste heat rejected with other medium can be utilized through water heating tubes in said regime storage; said collected condensate is used partially as a cooler of said stator of electric generator, and is directed after said slots, said flash-off drums and said stator into said heaters or said storage for water replenishment; said collected condensate can have excess used for delivery of condensate to external consumers; said storage of heated water can be made as solar pond that is open, or is shut by transparent roof, and has series sections of colder water, warmer water, and hot water gathered from surface of said sections and receiving complementing heat of said waste or geothermal sources, if any; said flow-through electric generator with rotated drum comprises: at least one rotated drum of standard angular velocity driven by said vortex airflow and having two work sides: on the inside are located stages of work airfoils conversing kinetic energy of vortex airflow, augmented by pressure and thermal heads in said vortex airflow passing through said generator, into kinetic energy of rotation of said drum; on the outside are located: magnets inducing three-phase voltage in switched modules of conductors of said three-phase stator; magnets of magnetic cushions and suspensions bearing said rotated drum; said kinetic energy of vortex airflow is augmented by pressure head and thermal head in said vortex airflow passing through said generator, and also by sucking from located above re-enhancer and top diffuser; said rotated drum has a steal frame comprising carried in a circle vertical stiffening beams strengthened by inner and outer horizontal rings; said inner rings bear and fix said stages of work airfoils and a wall detaching said vortex airflow; said beams and outer rings bear and fix said inducing magnets and groups of magnets of said cushions and suspensions having also interacting magnetic units at a case of said generator; said work airfoils are hollow and can be at least of the next kinds: laying on lower inside rings and facing the highest peripheral velocities of said vortex flow; half-laying on higher inside rings, or on inside rings of a second drum located above if any; said laying airfoils have longitudinal waveform with half-spherical cross sections, and have height smaller of half of footing width; said half-laying airfoils have longitudinal waveform with half-ellipsoidal cross sections, and have height close or larger of footing width, but lower of two footing widths; said airfoils have length several times larger of height, giving continuity of air passing; said airfoils are strengthened by inner fins, have fixing roots in said inner rings along foot perimeter, and are made of low-temperature blade steels, or of strengthened plastics; said airfoils can have outer longitudinal ribs reducing aerodynamic losses and increasing lifting forces transmitted by said vortex airflow; said rotated drum is borne by said magnetic cushions and suspensions, complementing said lifting forces of said vortex airflow, and has stabilizing radial magnetic cushions near bottom and top of said drum; said second rotated drum, if any, has lower standard angular velocity and can use lower velocities of said vortex airflow under changeable weather and loading conditions; said magnetic cushions and suspensions are integrated with aligning rollers made of reinforced rubber, normally unloaded, working at starting up and switching out of said generator; said inducing and said bearing magnets combine symmetrically permanent magnets and electromagnets for flexible control and simplifying of design of said generator; said permanent magnets of said rotated drum are maid of laminated magnetic plastics; said electromagnets of said rotated drum have core made of reinforced high-permeability plastics; said conductors of three-phase stator are banked into modules switched in series and in parallel via outside switching subsystem for flexible control of performance of said generator during starting up and operation regimes; said modules are cooled in parallel by said condensate; said generator is cooled by air bypassing said vortex airflow under its pressure drop; said rotated drum and said three-phase stator are precisely symmetrical relative to vertical axis of said generator. 2. An all-climate vortex plant of large electric power intensified, compacted, and cheapened via high-power kinetic energy and latent condensation heat of staged system of fast jets of saturated steam located along air channels of an off-seasonal heat storage and along height of a vortex tower before and after a flow-through electric generator with rotated drum; steam nozzles supply the system and are fed by controlled flash-off drums using slightly pressured, heated, and stored water; the storage is enhanced by solar radiation and by said jets, and fulfills functions of intensified solar heater of water humidifier, heater, and accelerator of wind or sucked stagnant air into said tower, and of supplier of said tower by heated water feeding said system of steam jets; thereby the storage provides high-power kinetic energy and heat both of saturated steam and air yielding fast starting up and long operation of said plant at unfavorable climate and regime, partly, at cold winter and changeable power loading with low and peak loads during the calm and absence of solar radiation, the plant can have alternatively additional solar, either waste, or geothermal heaters of water due to local conditions, said kinetic energy and heat partially conversing into vortex kinetic energy supplement, replace, and exceed energy of used wind without combustion of fuel, extensive convection collector, mechanical sucking of ambient air, overstressed moving components in vortex tower, and large number of air turbines of limited power, the plant preferably comprises: a steam-enhanced vortex tower having a vertical vortex channel with additional and main energizers of vortex flow, at least one swirler above, a flow-though electric generator with rotated drum and flexible three-phase stator, at least one re-enhancer above said generator, and a top diffuser; a staged system of rows of alternate steam and air nozzles, which form said energizers, swirler(s) and re-enhancer(s) and have stretched outputs of accelerated steam jets and accelerated flows of captured wind or sucked stagnant air into said vortex channel; a system of slots in inner walls of said vortex channel for centrifugal capturing of condensate precipitating inside vortex flow from vapor of whirling saturated air, and from said saturated steam mixing with colder air along height of said channel; an off-seasonal heat storage simultaneously fulfilling functions of solar heating of water and air, flashing of water, acceleration of steam jets into air channels of said storage, sucking and acceleration of wind or stagnant ambient air by said steam jets along said air channels into said additional vortex energizer of said tower, and supplying of hot water to zones along said vortex channel; an outside system supplying hot water into said storage and into said zones; said air nozzles are formed by neighboring streamline columns surrounding, supporting and strengthening said vortex channel; said columns are hollow and contain said flash-off drums with fed steam nozzles having stretched outlets into said vortex channel between outlets of said air nozzles, and have said slots for capturing of said condensate; said columns are strengthened by hollow rings having said slots for capturing of said condensate; said flash-off drums have hot water piping with control pumps and fitting, and piping with control pumps and fitting for condensate removed after said flash-off drums and said slots; said steam nozzles receive saturated steam from said flash-off drums and accelerate steam jets quasi-tangentially-and-upward into said vortex channel; said steam jets located along said vortex channel have outlet pressure controlled between ambient pressure and lower pressure inside vortex airflow; said steam jets located along said vortex channel suck, force, and accelerate said captured wind or stagnant ambient air through said air nozzles into said vortex channel under pressure drop created in vortex flow and supported by said steam jets, under kinetic energy of accelerated steam, and via latent condensation heat of saturated steam partially conversing into vortex kinetic energy inside said vortex channel; said air nozzles have adjustable inlet vanes controlling involving and acceleration of wind, or suction and acceleration of said stagnant air, quasi-tangentially-and-upward into said vortex channel; said outside system supplying hot water has heaters that heat slightly pressured water without boiling up to ˜100째 C. or higher during starts, and includes said off-seasonal storage of heat; said heaters have alternatively one or two from solar, either geothermal, or waste and secondary source(s) of heat available in local conditions; said heaters are intensified and compacted via sucking of heated water by vortex flow through outlet water piping, giving increased water velocities and heat transfer, and allowing use cheap construction materials and fabrication and maintenance technologies; said heaters using solar radiation include first stage with long water-cooled cylinder parabolic reflectors and second stage with water-cooled collectors of large diameter at several discrete steps of daily one-axis orientation onto the sun; said waste source of heat can be complemented by another waste or secondary source available at the same factory or power plant, thus providing long operation due to local climate and regime, and can be supported by regime storage for power augmenting, alternatively by complementing solar or geothermal heating, providing excess dependently on regimes of waste heat rejection and power loading; said waste heat rejected with water can be utilized directly or after purifying of water, and waste heat rejected with other medium can be utilized through water heating tubes in said regime storage; said collected condensate is used partially as a cooler of said stator of said electric generator, and is directed after said slots, flash-off drums and stator into said heaters or said storage for water replenishment; said collected condensate can have excess used for delivery to external consumers; said off-seasonal heat storage has excess provided by solar radiation dependent on said unfavorable climatic and regime conditions, including cold winter; said off-seasonal heat storage simultaneously is made as solar heater of water and accumulating materials, as accelerator of steam jets directed into said air channels of said storage and into said additional vortex energizer of said vortex tower, and as humidifier, heater, and accelerator of captured wind or sucked stagnant air directed quasi-tangentially-and-upward into said additional vortex energizer, and as supplier of hot water to said zones; said off-seasonal heat storage surrounds said additional vortex energizer at the base of said vortex tower, is connected with this energizer through humidified, heated and accelerated airflows, is connected with said zones of said vortex channel through ties of hot water and back condensate, and comprises: a transparent solar roof made of double-glass modules made of anti-reflective glass or plastic sheets, heating water flows between said sheets without boiling, and having meridional collectors switched by fitting and made of transparent anti-reflective glass or plastic tubes; ponds with pure water located around said tower and closed by said roof, and ponds with salty water located at periphery of said ponds with pure water and also closed by said roof; heat accumulating/releasing materials of high heat density at a bottom of said ponds with inside water tubes having regime of heat intake alternatively supported by one of the solar, either geothermal, or waste and secondary heat source(s), and regime of heat delivery from said materials and stored water during periods of insufficiency or absence of said heat source(s); hollow radial bulkheads supporting said meridional collectors and forming, together with said roof and water surfaces of said ponds, the centripetally converging channels with adjustable inlet and outlet vanes for involving, humidifying, heating, and acceleration of wind or sucked airflows quasi-tangentially-and-upward into said additional vortex energizer of said tower; controlled flash-off drums with fed steam nozzles located in said bulkheads and having stretched openings into said channels for accelerated steam jets used for supplemental humidifying, heating, and acceleration of wind or sucked stagnant air along said channels and further quasi-tangentially-and-upward into said additional vortex energizer; said meridional collectors have control fitting used for distribution of heated water between said double-glass modules dependent on direction and intensity of solar rays and wind; said heat accumulating/releasing materials can be local granular materials with black metallic paint upside for regions having periods of intermediate and low ambient temperatures, or slightly pressured and relatively cheap dissociating/recombining ferric hydrates in a catalyst cover for regions with long cold winter and deficit of water; said inside water tubes heat said materials by solar-heated water for heat accumulation at summer and near periods, or heat water by releasing heat of said materials, with further water flashing in said flash-off drums and steam acceleration in said steam nozzles at winter and near periods; said inlet and outlet vanes of said air channels are fully opened at delivery of air into said additional vortex energizer, and are fully shut the rest time, dependently on weather and power loading; said flow-through electric generator with rotated drum comprises: at least one rotated drum of standard angular velocity driven by said vortex airflow and having two work sides: on the inside are located stages of work airfoils conversing kinetic energy of vortex airflow, augmented by pressure and thermal head in said vortex airflow passing through said generator, into kinetic energy of rotation of said drum; on the outside are located: magnets inducing three-phase voltage in switched modules of conductors of said three-phase stator; magnets of magnetic cushions and suspensions bearing said rotated drum; said kinetic energy of vortex airflow is augmented by pressure head and thermal head in said vortex airflow passing through said generator, and also by sucking from located above re-enhancer and top diffuser; said rotated drum has a steal frame comprising carried in a circle vertical stiffening beams strengthened by inner and outer horizontal rings; said inner rings bear and fix said stages of work airfoils and a wall detaching said vortex airflow; said beams and outer rings bear and fix said inducing magnets and groups of magnets of said cushions and suspensions having also interacting magnetic units at a case of said generator; said work airfoils are hollow and can be at least of the next kinds: laying on lower inside rings and facing the highest peripheral velocities of said vortex flow; half-laying on higher inside rings, or on inside rings of a second drum located above if any; said laying airfoils have longitudinal waveform with half-spherical cross sections, and have height smaller of half of footing width; said half-laying airfoils have longitudinal waveform with half-ellipsoidal cross sections, and have height close or larger of footing width, but lower of two footing widths; said work airfoils have length several times larger of height, giving continuity of air passing; said work airfoils are strengthened by inner fins, have fixing roots in said inner rings along foot perimeter, and are made of low-temperature blade steels, or of strengthened plastics; said work airfoils can have outer longitudinal ribs reducing aerodynamic losses and increasing lifting forces transmitted by said vortex airflow; said rotated drum is borne by said magnetic cushions and suspensions, complementing said lifting forces of said vortex airflow, and has stabilizing radial magnetic cushions near bottom and top of said drum; said second rotated drum, if any, has lower standard angular velocity and can use lower velocities of said vortex airflow under changeable weather and loading conditions; said magnetic cushions and suspensions are integrated with aligning rollers maid of reinforced rubber, normally unloaded, and working at starting up and switching out of said generator; said inducing and said bearing magnets combine symmetrically permanent magnets and electromagnets for flexible control and simplifying of design of said generator; said permanent magnets of said rotated drum are maid of laminated magnetic plastics; said electromagnets of said rotated drum have core made of reinforced high-permeability plastics; said conductors of three-phase stator are banked into modules switched in series and in parallel via outside switching subsystem for flexible control of performance of said generator during starting-up and operation regimes; said modules are cooled in parallel by said condensate; said generator is cooled by air bypassing said vortex flow under its pressure drop; said rotated drum and said three-phase stator are precisely symmetrical relative to vertical axis of said generator. 3. An all-weather vortex plant of large electric power intensified, compacted, and cheapened via high-power kinetic energy and latent condensation heat of system of fast jets of saturated steam located along height of vortex tower before and after a flow-through electric generator with magnetic concentrators; steam nozzles fed by controlled flash-off drums using slightly pressured, heated, and stored water supply the system; the plant has alternatively one or two from solar, either geothermal, or waste and secondary sources for heating of water to supplement, replace and exceed power of used wind without combustion of fuel, extensive convection collector, mechanical sucking of ambient air, overstressed moving components of vortex tower, or large number of air turbines of limited power; the plant can fast start up and operate a long time, partly, during insufficient or absent wind and solar radiation at mainly positive ambient temperatures (째 C.), and intermediate power loads causing intermediate velocities of vortex airflow, and preferably comprises: a steam-enhanced vortex tower having a vertical vortex channel with a near-bottom energizer of vortex flow, at least one swirler above, a power generating structure including an injector of magnetic concentrators (MACs), a flow-though electric generator with rotated MACs and separator of MACs above, at least one re-enhancer above said structure, and a top diffuser; a staged system of rows of alternate steam and air nozzles forming said energizer, swirler(s) and re-enhancer(s) and having stretched quasi-tangential-and-upward outlets of accelerated steam jets and accelerated captured wind or sucked stagnant air into said vortex channel; a system of slots in inside walls of said vortex channel for centrifugal capturing of condensate precipitating from vapor of saturated vortex airflow and from said saturated steam mixing with colder airflow along height of said vortex channel; an outside system supplying slightly pressured and heated water to zones of said vortex channel; said air nozzles are formed by neighboring streamline columns surrounding, supporting and strengthening said vortex channel together with said energizer of vortex flow, swirler(s), power generating structure, re-enhancer(s) and top diffuser; said columns are hollow and contain controlled flash-off drums with fed steam nozzles and control auxiliaries; said columns are strengthened by hollow rings having slots for capturing of condensate; said air nozzles have adjustable inlet vanes and accelerate said captured wind or sucked stagnant air quasi-tangentially-and-upward into said vortex channel; said steam nozzles receive saturated steam from said controlled flash-off drums and accelerate steam jets quasi-tangentially-and-upward into said vortex channel; said outside system has heaters that heat slightly pressured water up to ˜100째 C. or higher without boiling, and can have regime heat storage with excess depending on climate and regime; said heaters have alternatively one or two from solar, either geothermal, or waste and secondary source(s) of heat available in local conditions; said heaters are intensified and compacted via sucking of heated water by vortex flow through outlet water piping, giving increased water velocities and heat transfer and allowing use cheap construction materials, and fabrication and maintenance technologies; said heaters using solar radiation include first stage with long water-cooled cylinder parabolic reflectors and second stage with water-cooled collectors of large-diameter at several discrete steps of daily one-axis orientation on sun; said waste source of heat can be complemented by another waste or secondary source of heat available at the same factory or power plant, thus providing long operation due to local climate and regime; said waste heat rejected with water can be used directly or after purifying of water, and waste heat rejected with other medium can be utilized through water heating tubes; said collected condensate is used partially as a cooler of said stator of said electric generator and as transporting means for system of control and maintenance of said MACs, and is directed after said slots, flash-off drums, system, and stator into said heaters or said storage for water replenishment; said collected condensate can have excess used for delivery to external consumers; said regime storage of heated water is made dependently on said climatic conditions as open or shut solar pond with series sections of inlet colder water, warmer water, and outlet hot water gathered from surface of said sections, and can be complemented by waste or geothermal heat; said flow-through electric generator with rotated magnetic concentrators comprises: a flexible three-phase stator having steel case born by said columns and strengthened by steel rings; said MACs rotated by vortex flow at periphery of said vortex channel superposed with said stator; said three-phase stator with conductors banked into modules switched in series and in parallel via outside switching subsystem for flexible control of performance of said generator; said modules of said stator are cooled in parallel by said condensate; said stator is additionally cooled by air bypassing said vortex flow under its pressure drop; said stator and said rotated MACs are precisely symmetrical relative to vertical axis of said generator, therefore a controlled quantity of rotated MACs in every row is even; said MACs are made of a heavier type with circular high-permeability core and three permanent magnets for long lasting rated and near ambient temperatures and power loads, including peak loads, and of a lighter type with ellipsoidal high-permeability core and two permanent magnets for said changeable and intermediate ambient temperatures and power loads; said MAC of lighter type comprises: an ellipsoidal high-permeability core bearing and fixing two identical and constricting permanent magnets converging symmetrically out of geometric center of said core and focusing maximum magnetic flux density in an external zone; a profiled circular magnetic enhancer with a through circular hole, made of soft electrical laminated steel and raising said flux density, said enhancer fixes converging ends with poles N of said magnets having diverging wider ends with poles S joined symmetrically by said core; two spherical shells nested with air gap, made of fiberglass laminate, and having the next designs: an outer protective shell that is two-side smooth and has ventilation and stabilizing holes; an inner shell smooth outside, attaching said core, magnets and enhancer, and resting on said core; said inner shell has two profiled stop lugs forming symmetrical sectors bearing and fixing said core in said shell and creating two zones of additional magnetic resistance for back magnetic fluxes after interactions with phase conductors of three-phase stator of said generator; said inner shell has an inside space filled by sub-atmospheric air favorable for magnetic flux, including two symmetrical space sectors near core vertexes giving main ways with minimum magnetic resistance for said back magnetic fluxes; said inner shell has a partial air gap relative to said enhancer, slackening stresses from said outer shell; said MAC has a gravity center located out of geometric center of said inner shell, between said magnetic core and enhancer on an axis of said magnetic flux, giving radial orientation of said pole N in said vortex airflow via centrifugal force of whirled MAC; said magnetic flux forms a zone distanced from said inner shell and superposed with cross-section of the crossed through phase conductor of three-phase stator at whirling of said MAC, said zone has effective width and depth equal nearly to effective width and depth of said conductor; said outer shell has diameter equal to width of three slots and three teeth of magnetic core of said stator; said permanent magnets are made of laminated hard-magnetic plastic, and said high-permeability core is made of reinforced plastic; rated quantity of said rotated MACs depends on controlled rated quantity of circular rows, even rated quantity of rotated MACs in every row, outside diameter of MAC, and rated inlet velocity of MACs, which are correlated with inner diameter of said vortex channel so that said even rated quantity of rotated MACs in every said row is a common devisor to said inner diameter and to 3,000/3,600 rotations per minute at standard current frequency of 50/60 Hz.