IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0939762
(2004-09-13)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
1 인용 특허 :
13 |
초록
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A method of filtering contaminants from a chemical process stream is disclosed. The method includes a step of passing the process stream over a filtration medium including a plurality of discrete filtration elements, each element having parallel first and second faces and a multi-cellular structure
A method of filtering contaminants from a chemical process stream is disclosed. The method includes a step of passing the process stream over a filtration medium including a plurality of discrete filtration elements, each element having parallel first and second faces and a multi-cellular structure of substantially uniform parallel channels running from the first face to the second face. The cross-sectional shape of the channels preferably defines a polygon having angles less than or equal to 90°.
대표청구항
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What is claimed is: 1. A method of removing contaminants from a feed stream of a chemical reactor, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a plurality of discrete elements of a filtration material upstream of said chemical reactor, each said filtration element having substantially parallel first and
What is claimed is: 1. A method of removing contaminants from a feed stream of a chemical reactor, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a plurality of discrete elements of a filtration material upstream of said chemical reactor, each said filtration element having substantially parallel first and second faces and a multi-cellular internal structure of substantially open and parallel channels extending through the filtration element from the first face to the second face; and (b) passing the feed stream through at least one layer of the filtration material, the layer of filtration material comprising a number of said filtration elements sufficient to filter the contaminant from the contaminated feed stream, provided that where said chemical reactor is a hydrotreating reactor, said feed stream is selected from the group consisting of atmospheric residuum, vacuum residuum, diesel oil, jet fuel, and kerosene. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the substantially open and parallel channels have a polygonal cross-sectional shape, wherein the polygon is defined by internal angles not greater than 90 degrees. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the substantially open and parallel channels have an acute angle polygonal cross-sectional shape. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the substantially open and parallel channels have triangular cross-sections. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the substantially open and parallel channels occupy from about 4 cells per linear inch to about 60 cells per linear inch. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration elements have an average outer diameter from about ½ inch to about 3 inches. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration elements have an average thickness of about ¼ inch to about 2 inches, said thickness being measured between the first and second faces. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration elements have a geometric surface area from about 25 to about 175 square inches. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration elements have an inner void fraction of about 60 percent to about 80 percent. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration material is composed of shaped material selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, calcium aluminate, lanthanum aluminate, magnesium aluminate; zeolites, activated carbon and combinations thereof. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the filtration material is an extruded ceramic material. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the filtration material further comprises a catalytic material. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the catalytic material is selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, transition metal sulfides, transition metal organometallic compounds; rare earth metal oxides, rare earth metal sulfides; and combinations thereof. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the catalytic material comprises a metallic element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, silver, gold, copper, zinc, calcium, potassium, and combinations thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer of filtration material comprises a plurality of layers, at least two of said layers comprising filtration elements wherein the respective channels have different average cross-sectional areas. 16. A process comprising removing contaminants from a chemical reactor feed stream according to the method of claim 1 and then performing at least one chemical reaction on said feed stream. 17. A process according to claim 16, wherein said at least one chemical reaction comprises at least one reaction other than hydrotreating. 18. A method of removing contaminants from a process stream comprising contacting said process stream with a plurality of elements of a filtration material, said filtration elements having substantially parallel first and second faces and an outer wall, at least some of said filtration elements having a multi-cellular internal structure of substantially open and parallel channels extending from the first face to the second face thereof, said channels having a generally polygonal cross section comprising at least one angle of less than or equal to 90°, wherein said outer wall is shaped to increase outer void area relative to a comparable filtration element having a generally round and smooth outer wall. 19. A method according to claim 18, wherein said filtration elements have a generally round outer wall such that said filtration elements are substantially disk-shaped, said outer wall having a plurality of longitudinal grooves therein extending from the first face to the second face. 20. A method according to claim 18 wherein said outer wall is generally polygonal with about five to about ten sides. 21. A method according to claim 20 wherein said outer wall is generally octagonal. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the substantially open and parallel channels occupy from about 4 cells per linear inch to about 60 cells per linear inch. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the filtration elements have an average outer diameter from about ½ inch to about 3 inches. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the filtration elements have a thickness of about ¼ inch to about 2 inches, said thickness being measured between the first and second faces. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the filtration elements each have a geometric surface area from about 25 to about 175 square inches. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein the filtration material has an inner void fraction of about 60 percent to about 80 percent. 27. The method of claim 18, wherein the filtration material is composed of shaped material selected from the group consisting of: alumina, silica, calcium aluminate, lanthanum aluminate, magnesium aluminate; zeolite, activated carbon and combinations thereof. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the filtration material is an extruded ceramic material. 29. A method according to claim 18 wherein said filtration elements comprise a catalytic material disposed thereon. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the catalytic material is selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, transition metal sulfides, transition metal organometallic compounds; rare earth metal oxides, rare earth metal sulfides; and combinations thereof. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the catalytic material comprises a metallic element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, silver, gold, copper, zinc, calcium, potassium, and combinations thereof. 32. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one layer of filtration material comprises a plurality of layers, at least two of said layers comprising filtration elements wherein the respective channels have different average cross-sectional areas. 33. A process comprising removing contaminants from a chemical reactor feed stream according to the method of claim 18 and then performing at least one chemical reaction on said feed stream. 34. A method of removing contaminants from a process stream comprising contacting said process stream with a plurality of elements of a filtration material, said filtration elements having substantially parallel first and second faces and an outer wall, at least some of said particles having a multi-cellular internal structure of substantially open and parallel channels extending from the first face to the second face thereof, said channels having a generally polygonal cross section comprising at least one angle of less than or equal to 90°, wherein said filtration elements comprise a macroporous material. 35. A method according to claim 34, wherein said macroporous material is a zeolite. 36. A method according to claim 34, wherein said macroporous material is macroporous alumina. 37. A method according to claim 34, further comprising a catalytic material disposed within macropores of said filtration elements. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the catalytic material is selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, transition metal sulfides, transition metal organometallic compounds; rare earth metal oxides, rare earth metal sulfides; and combinations thereof. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the catalytic material comprises a metallic element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, silver, gold, copper, zinc, calcium, potassium, and combinations thereof. 40. The method of claim 34, wherein the substantially open and parallel channels occupy from about 4 cells per linear inch to about 60 cells per linear inch. 41. The method of claim 34, wherein the filtration elements have an average outer diameter from about ½ inch to about 2.5 inches. 42. The method of claim 34, wherein the filtration elements have an average thickness of about ¼ inch to about 2 inches, said thickness being measured between the first and second faces. 43. The method of claim 34, wherein the filtration elements have an average geometric surface area from about 25 to about 175 square inches. 44. The method of claim 34, wherein the filtration material has an inner void fraction of about 60 percent to about 80 percent. 45. The method of claim 34, wherein the at least one layer of filtration material comprises a plurality of layers, at least two of said layers comprising filtration elements wherein the respective channels have different average cross-sectional areas. 46. A process comprising removing contaminants from a chemical reactor feed stream according to the method of claim 34 and then performing at least one chemical reaction on said feed stream.
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