초록 ▼

A polymeric composite may be used for forming fluid separation membranes. The membranes may be formed from polyimide, polyamide or poly (pyrrolone-imide) materials. Polyamides may be formed by the condensation of a tetraamine, a tetraacid, and a diamine. Polyimides and poly (pyrrolone-imides) may b

A polymeric composite may be used for forming fluid separation membranes. The membranes may be formed from polyimide, polyamide or poly (pyrrolone-imide) materials. Polyamides may be formed by the condensation of a tetraamine, a tetraacid, and a diamine. Polyimides and poly (pyrrolone-imides) may be formed by the cyclization of a polymer precursor. A polymeric composite may include a dithiolene or a mixture of dithiolenes. A polymer matrix incorporating dithiolenes may exhibit an olefin/paraffin solubility selectivity. A solubility selectivity may be between about 1.1 and about 2.0.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A fluid separation membrane for separating one or more components from a fluid, the fluid comprising two or more components, wherein the fluid separation membrane comprises at least one polymer and at least one dithiolene having the structure: where M is a metal, wherein R

What is claimed is: 1. A fluid separation membrane for separating one or more components from a fluid, the fluid comprising two or more components, wherein the fluid separation membrane comprises at least one polymer and at least one dithiolene having the structure: where M is a metal, wherein R1, R2, R 3, and R4 are each independently alkyl, CH3, CF 3, C6H4OCH3, CN, or where R1 and R2 and/or R3 and R4 combine to form at least one ring. 2. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane exhibits an olefin/paraffin solubility selectivity. 3. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane exhibits an olefin/paraffin solubility selectivity of 1.1 to 2.0. 4. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one dithiolene is resistant to poisoning by impurities. 5. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein the metal is Ni, Pd, or Pt. 6. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one dithiolene further comprises a valence charge, and wherein the valence charge is 0,-1, or-2. 7. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one dithiolene further comprises a valence charge, wherein the valence charge is-1 or-2, and wherein the dithiolene comprises a counter ion. 8. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one dithiolene further comprises a valence charge, wherein the valence charge is-1 or-2, and wherein the dithiolene comprises at least one counter ion having the structure: where each R is independently an alkyl or aromatic compound. 9. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one dithiolene further comprises a valence charge, wherein the valence charge is-1 or-2, and wherein the dithiolene comprises at least one counter ion having the structure: where each R is independently C2H5 or C 4H9. 10. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one dithiolene is capable of complexing with an olefin. 11. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises a liquid. 12. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises a gas stream. 13. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises a gas stream, and wherein the gas stream comprises a hydrocarbon. 14. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein R 1, R2, R3, and R4 are CH3, at least one dithiolene having the structure: 15. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein R 1, R2, R3, and R4 are CF3, at least one dithiolene having the structure: 16. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein R 1, R2, R3, and R4 are C6H 4OCH3, at least one dithiolene having the structure: 17. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 combine to form C6H3CH3, and wherein R3 and R4 combine to form C6H 3CH3, at least one dithiolene having the structure: where each R is independently H, CH3, alky, or aryl. 18. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 combine to form C6H4S4, and wherein R3 and R4 are CF3, at least one dithiolene having the structure: 19. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one polymer comprises the reaction product of a tetraacid compound and a diamine. 20. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one polymer comprises the reaction product of a tetraacid compound and a diamine, wherein the tetraacid compound comprises an aromatic dianhydride having the structure: wherein the diamine having the structure: and wherein each X is independently CH2, C(O), CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, C(CF3)2, C(CH3)Ph, C(Ph)2, or cyclohexyl. 21. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one polymer comprises a polyimide polymer, a polyamide polymer, a polypyrrolone polymer, or a poly (pyrrolone-imide) polymer. 22. The fluid separation membrane of claim 1, wherein at least one polymer comprises a polyimide polymer, wherein the polyimide polymer comprises recurring units, a portion of the recurring units having the structure: where X is a linking group, and Y is another recurring unit, where recurring unit Y is coupled to the aromatic ring in an ortho, meta, or para relation to the imide group. 23. A fluid separation membrane for separating one or more components from a fluid, the fluid comprising two or more components, wherein the fluid separation membrane comprises at least one polymer and at least one dithiolene having the structure: where M is a metal. 24. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein the membrane exhibits an olefin/paraffin solubility selectivity. 25. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein the membrane exhibits an olefin/paraffin solubility selectivity of 1.1 to 2.0. 26. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein the metal is Ni, Pd, or Pt. 27. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein at least one dithiolene further comprises a valence charge, and wherein the valence charge is 0,-1, or-2. 28. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein at least one dithiolene further comprises a valence charge, wherein the valence charge is-1 or-2, and wherein the dithiolene comprises a counter ion. 29. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein at least one dithiolene further comprises a valence charge, wherein the valence charge is-1 or-2, and wherein the dithiolene comprises at least one counter ion having the structure: where each R is independently an alkyl or aromatic compound. 30. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein at least one dithiolene further comprises a valence charge, wherein the valence charge is-1 or-2, and wherein the dithiolene comprises at least one counter ion having the structure: where each R is independently C2H5 or C 4H9. 31. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein at least one dithiolene is capable of complexing with an olefin. 32. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein the fluid comprises a liquid. 33. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein the fluid comprises a gas stream. 34. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein the fluid comprises a gas stream, and wherein the gas stream comprises a hydrocarbon. 35. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein at least one polymer comprises the reaction product of a tetraacid compound and a diamine. 36. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein at least one polymer comprises the reaction product of a tetraacid compound and a diamine, wherein the tetraacid compound comprises an aromatic dianhydride having the structure: wherein the diamine having the structure: and wherein each X is independently CH2, C(O), CH(CH3), C(CH3)2, C(CF3)2, C(CH3)Ph, C(Ph)2, or cyclohexyl. 37. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein at least one polymer comprises a polyimide polymer, a polyamide polymer, a polypyrrolone polymer, or a poly (pyrrolone-imide) polymer. 38. The fluid separation membrane of claim 23, wherein at least one polymer comprises a polyimide polymer, wherein the polyimide polymer comprises recurring units, a portion of the recurring units having the structure: where X is a linking group, and Y is another recurring unit, where recurring unit Y is coupled to the aromatic ring in an ortho, meta, or para relation to the imide group. 39. A method of preparing a fluid separation membrane for separating one or more components from a fluid, the fluid comprising two or more components, comprising adding at least one dithiolene to at least one polymer, the dithiolene having the structure: where M is a metal, wherein R1, R2, R 3, and R4 are each independently alkyl, CH3, CF 3, C6H4OCH3, CN, or where R1 and R2 and/or R3 and R4 combine to form at least one ring. 40. A method of separating one or more components from a fluid, the fluid comprising two or more components, comprising bringing the fluid stream into contact with a face of a fluid separation membrane, the fluid separation membrane comprising at least one polymer and at least one dithiolene having the structure: where M is a metal, wherein R1, R2, R 3, and R4 are each independently alkyl, CH3, CF 3, C6H4OCH3, CN, or where R1 and R2 and/or R3 and R4 combine to form at least one ring. 41. An apparatus for separating one or more components from a fluid, the fluid comprising two or more components, comprising: a body; a fluid separation membrane disposed within the body, the fluid separation membrane comprising at least one polymer and at least one dithiolene having the structure: where M is a metal, wherein R1, R2, R 3, and R4 are each independently alkyl, CH3, CF 3, C6H4OCH3, CN, or where R1 and R2 and/or R3 and R4 combine to form at least one ring; a fluid stream inlet coupled to the body downstream from the fluid separation membrane; a first fluid stream outlet positioned upstream from the fluid stream inlet and down stream from the fluid separation membrane; and a second fluid stream outlet positioned downstream from the fluid separation membrane.