Variable turbocharger apparatus comprising a housing, a compressor, a turbine, a chamber which extends around the turbine, a bearing assembly for the turbine, vanes mounted in the chamber, a piston positioned between the housing and the turbine, a control device controlling the piston, a piston end
Variable turbocharger apparatus comprising a housing, a compressor, a turbine, a chamber which extends around the turbine, a bearing assembly for the turbine, vanes mounted in the chamber, a piston positioned between the housing and the turbine, a control device controlling the piston, a piston end nearest the bearing assembly defining a gap, which is variable in size to control exhaust gases acting on the turbine, at least one bypass aperture which opens to allow exhaust gases that are not required for acting on the turbine to bypass the turbine, and sliding of the piston being such that the piston is always maintained in a position which enables the turbine speed to be controlled through the gap alone when there is no bypass and through the gap and the bypass aperture when there is bypass.
대표청구항▼
The invention claimed is: 1. Variable turbocharger apparatus comprising a housing, a compressor mounted for rotation in the housing, a turbine mounted for rotation in the housing, a first inlet for enabling air to be conducted to the compressor, an outlet for enabling air from the compressor to be
The invention claimed is: 1. Variable turbocharger apparatus comprising a housing, a compressor mounted for rotation in the housing, a turbine mounted for rotation in the housing, a first inlet for enabling air to be conducted to the compressor, an outlet for enabling air from the compressor to be conducted to an engine, a second inlet for enabling exhaust gases from the engine to be conducted to the turbine in order to rotate the turbine, a chamber which extends around the turbine and which receives the exhaust gases from the second inlet before the exhaust gases are conducted to the turbine, and a bearing assembly for permitting the rotation of the turbine, the variable turbocharger apparatus comprising vanes which are mounted in the chamber and which are for accurately directing exhaust gases on to the turbine, a piston which is slidable and which is positioned between the housing and the turbine, and control means which is connected to the piston and which is for controlling the sliding movement of the piston, the piston having an end which is nearest the bearing assembly and which defines a gap, the size of the gap being variable in dependence upon the sliding of the piston under the control of the control means, the size of the gap being effective to control the amount of the exhaust gases that act on the turbine thereby accurately controlling the speed of rotation of the turbine and thereby the amount of air conducted by the compressor through the outlet to the engine, and the variable turbocharger apparatus having at least one bypass aperture which is closed when the size of the gap is at a minimum and which opens when the gap reaches a predetermined size, the opening of the bypass aperture allowing exhaust gases that are not required for acting on the turbine to bypass the turbine and the sliding of the piston being such that the piston is always maintained in a position which enables the turbine speed to be controlled through the gap alone when there is no bypass and through the gap and the bypass aperture when there is bypass. 2. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 1 in which the end of the piston is such that it has a flange which extends radially outwardly. 3. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 2 in which the flange has slots for receiving the vanes. 4. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 3 in which the slots are open slots which extend inwardly from the periphery of the flange, or closed slots in the flange. 5. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 2 in which the flange allows gases to bypass a back face of the flange whilst still allowing accurate gas flow onto the turbine. 6. Variable turbocharger apparatus according claim 1 and including a heat shield for shielding the bearing assembly from heat from the exhaust gases. 7. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 6 in which the heat shield is selected from the group consisting of a ring-shaped heat shield, a disc-shaped heat shield having an outer ring portion, an inner wall portion, and an aperture through the inner wall portion; and a floating heat shield that is held in place under pressure by spring means. 8. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 6 in which the vanes are mounted on the heat shield. 9. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 1 in which the bypass aperture is of a V-shape in order that gases are able to bypass in a controlled manner in order to prevent turbine surging. 10. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 1 in which the bypass aperture is in an insert. 11. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 10 in which there is a plurality of the bypass apertures. 12. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 10 in which the vanes are mounted on the insert. 13. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 12 in which the insert is a removable insert which is removable from the housing, the removable insert being such that it facilitates assembly of the variable turbocharger apparatus. 14. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 13 in which the removable insert is a slidable insert. 15. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 13 in which the insert is held in position by spring means. 16. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 15 in which the spring is such that it forms a seal for preventing gas leakage from the chamber which surrounds the turbine. 17. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 12 in which the insert is a non-removable insert which is not removable from the housing. 18. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 13 in which the piston passes through a bore in the insert. 19. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 1 in which the piston has a first abutment for forming a seal against a mating surface thereby to prevent loss of the exhaust gases between the abutment and the mating surface. 20. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 19 in which the mating surface is a mating surface on a part of the housing, or is a mating surface on the insert. 21. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 19 in which the piston has a second abutment for engaging against the end of the vanes, thereby setting the gap when the piston is in its closed position. 22. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 19 and including a sealing ring for forming an auxiliary seal for preventing loss of any of the exhaust gases that pass between the first abutment and the mating surface. 23. Variable turbocharger apparatus according claim 1 and including a ring on the piston for setting the size of the gap at a start condition, the ring also being such that it acts as an abutment for preventing gas leakage. 24. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 1 in which the control means includes a fork member which is connected to the piston on two opposed sides, or in which the control means includes a U-shaped member which is connected to a face of the piston. 25. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 1 in which the control means is an electronic control means which operates as part of an engine management control system. 26. Variable turbocharger apparatus according to claim 1 in which the chamber is a volute.
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