Biodegradable aliphatic thermoplastic polyesters useful for the production of several types of articles such as films, sheets, nets, expanded molded products, and the like, and process for their production.
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The invention claimed is: 1. A thermoplastic biodegradable aliphatic polyester of the diacid/diol type comprising the following monomers: a) at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, or esters thereof, with C9-C13 atoms; b) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol, with 2-20 C atoms; c) at l
The invention claimed is: 1. A thermoplastic biodegradable aliphatic polyester of the diacid/diol type comprising the following monomers: a) at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, or esters thereof, with C9-C13 atoms; b) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol, with 2-20 C atoms; c) at least one at least trifunctional molecule wherein c), based on the sum of the moles of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and of said at least trifunctional molecule, is comprised in the range from 0.05% to, as upper limit, a value according to the following formula which is applicable for ηinh>0,6 dl/g and wherein % P=percentage in moles with respect to the sum of the moles of said at least trifunctional molecule and dicarboylic acids moles N=average number of C atoms of the repeating diacid/diol unit in the main polymeric chain ηinh=inherent viscosity f=number of reactive moieties in the at least trifunctional molecule, and further comprising a concentration of an unsaturated acid originating from vegetable oils of at least 0.5% and lower than 15% in moles based on the sum of the moles of unsaturated acid and the moles of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or esters thereof; and wherein said biodegradable aliphatic polyester has a gel fraction lower than 2.0% (w/w) with respect to the polyester. 2. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 1 characterized by a permeability higher than and wherein m is meters h is hours. 3. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 2 characterized by a permeability higher than 4. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 1 characterized by an inherent viscosity within the range of 0.6 to 1.5 dl/g. 5. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 4 characterized by a Melt Flow Rate within the range of 0.5 to 150 g/10 min. 6. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 5 wherein the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octane 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undeca-nediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 1,13-tridecanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, neo-pentylglycol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, dianhydrosorbitol, dianhydromannitol, dianhydroiditol, cyclohexanediol, and cyclohexanmethanediol. 7. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 6 wherein the at least trifunctional molecule is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, citric acid, densipolic acid, auripolic acid, epoxidized soybean oil and castor oil. 8. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 1 wherein the unsaturated acid is selected from the group comprising ricinoleic acid, lesquerolic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. 9. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 1 wherein the unsaturated acid is selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, fumaric acid, vinylacetate, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, hydroxyalkylacrilates and hydroxyalkylmethacrilates. 10. The polyester according to claim 1, wherein at least one hydroxy acid is included in an amount within the range of 0 to 30% moles based on the moles of the dicarboxylic aliphatic acid selected from the group consisting of glycolic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxycaproic acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, 7-hydroxyeptanoic acid, 8-hydroxycaproic acid, 9-hydroxynonanoic acid, and lactic acid. 11. The polyester according to claim 1, comprising up to 50% moles--based on the content of dicarboxylic acid and of any possible other acid present in the chain--of a polyfunctional aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of phthalic acids, bisphenol A, and hydroquinone. 12. A process for the production of a thermoplastic biodegradable aliphatic polyester of the diacid/diol type comprising the following monomers: a) at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, or esters thereof, with C9-C13 atoms; b) at least one aliphatic or cycloalinhatic diol, with 2-20 C atoms; c) at least one at least trifunctional molecule wherein c), based on the sum of the moles of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and of said at least trifunctional molecule, is comprised in the range from 0.05% to, as upper limit, a value according to the following formula which is applicable for ηinh>0.6 dl/g and wherein % P=percentage in moles with respect to the sum of the moles of said at least trifunctional molecule and dicarboylic acids moles N=average number of C atoms of the repeating diacid/diol unit in the main polymeric chain ηinh=inherent viscosity f=number of reactive moieties in the at least trifunctional molecule, and further comprising a concentration of an unsaturated acid originating from vegetable oils of at least 0.5% and lower than 15% in moles based on the sum of the moles of unsaturated acid and the moles of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or esters thereof: and wherein said biodegradable aliphatic polyester has a gel fraction lower than 2.0% (w/w) with respect to the polyester; comprising a first esterification or transesterification step, and a second vacuum-deglycolization step in the presence of a catalyst. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the catalyst is an organometallic compound. 14. The process according to claim 12, wherein the esterification or transesterification step is carried out at ambient pressure and temperatures within the range of 180째 C. to 230째 C. until distillation of at least 85% byproducts. 15. The process according to claim 14, wherein the deglycolation step is carried out in a dynamic vacuum and at temperatures within the range from 220 to 250째 C. 16. The process according to claim 15, wherein the amount of diol used is within the range of 1 to 1.5 moles per mole of dicarboxylic acid or ester thereof. 17. Shaped articles obtainable from the biodegradable polyester of claim 1. 18. Shaped articles according to claim 17, wherein said articles are selected from the group consisting of monodirectional films, bidirectional films, multi-layer films with other polymeric materials, mulching films, and coatings obtained by extrusion coating technique. 19. Shaped articles according to claim 17, wherein said articles are selected from the group consisting of bags and liners for organic waste collection. 20. Shaped articles according to claim 17, wherein said articles are mono or multilayer food containers selected from the group consisting of milk containers, yogurt containers, meat containers, containers for drinks, fruit containers, and vegetables containers. 21. Shaped articles according to claim 17, wherein said articles are multilayer laminates comprising a layer of material selected from the group consisting of paper, plastics, aluminum, and metallized film. 22. Shaped articles according to claim 17, wherein said articles are selected from the group consisting of semi-expanded products, expanded products, expanded blocks from pre-expanded particles, expanded sheets, thermoformed sheets, and containers for food packaging made of expanded sheets or thermoformed sheets. 23. Shaped articles according to claim 17, wherein said articles are selected from composites with gelatinized, destructured and/or complexed starch or natural starch as filler. 24. Shaped articles according to claim 17, wherein said articles are selected from the group consisting of fibers, fabrics and nonwoven for the sanitary or hygiene sector. 25. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 1 wherein said concentration of an unsaturated acid is 0.5 to 6%. 26. The biodegradable polyester according to claim 1 wherein said concentration of an unsaturated acid is 1 to 5%.
White Alan W. (Kingsport TN) Pearcy Barry G. (Mount Carmel TN) Jones Allan S. (Church Hill TN) Buchanan Charles M. (Bluff City TN) Gardner Robert M. (Gray TN), Copolyesters having repeat units derived from succinic acid.
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