IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0343431
(2006-01-31)
|
등록번호 |
US-7318325
(2008-01-15)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Rini,Daniel P.
- Chow,Louis
- Anderson,H. Randolph
- Kapat,Jayanta Sankar
- Carman,Bradley
- Gulliver,Brian
- Recio,Jose Mauricio
|
출원인 / 주소 |
|
대리인 / 주소 |
Saliwanchik, Lloyd & Salinwanchik
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
3 인용 특허 :
10 |
초록
▼
The subject invention pertains to a method and apparatus for cooling. In a specific embodiment, the subject invention relates to a lightweight, compact, reliable, and efficient cooling system. The subject system can provide heat stress relief to individuals operating under, for example, hazardous co
The subject invention pertains to a method and apparatus for cooling. In a specific embodiment, the subject invention relates to a lightweight, compact, reliable, and efficient cooling system. The subject system can provide heat stress relief to individuals operating under, for example, hazardous conditions, or in elevated temperatures, while wearing protective clothing. The subject invention also relates to a condenser for transferring heat from a refrigerant to an external fluid in thermal contact with the condenser. The subject condenser can have a heat transfer surface and can be designed for an external fluid, such as air, to flow across the heat transfer surface and allow the transfer of heat from heat transfer surface to the external fluid. In a specific embodiment, the flow of the external fluid is parallel to the heat transfer surface. In another specific embodiment, the heat transfer surface can incorporate surface enhancements which enhance the transfer of heat from the heat transfer surface to the external fluid. In another specific embodiment, an outer layer can be positioned above the heat transfer surface to create a volume between the heat transfer surface and the outer layer through which the external fluid can flow.
대표청구항
▼
We claim: 1. A condenser, comprising: a heat transfer surface, wherein the condenser acts as a heat exchanger so that heat is removed from a compressed refrigerant by a first external fluid in thermal contact with the heat transfer surface of the condenser; and a means for flowing the first externa
We claim: 1. A condenser, comprising: a heat transfer surface, wherein the condenser acts as a heat exchanger so that heat is removed from a compressed refrigerant by a first external fluid in thermal contact with the heat transfer surface of the condenser; and a means for flowing the first external fluid across the heat transfer surface of the condenser, wherein the flow of the first external fluid is substantially parallel with the heat transfer surface of the condenser, wherein the flow of the compressed refrigerant is substantially perpendicular to the flow of the first external fluid, wherein the condenser comprises a second surface, wherein the second surface is substantially parallel to the heat transfer surface, wherein the condenser has a substantially tubular shape having a first end and a second end, wherein the heat transfer surface is on the exterior side of the substantially tubular shaped condenser and the second surface is on the interior side of the substantially tubular shaped condenser, and wherein a volume is formed by the second surface of the substantially tubular shaped condenser. 2. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the condenser acts as a heat exchanger so that heat is removed from compressed refrigerant vapor by the first external fluid in thermal contact with the heat transfer surface of the condenser such that the temperature of the compressed refrigerant vapor decreases below the saturation temperature of the refrigerant and the refrigerant vapor condenses to liquid refrigerant, wherein compressed refrigerant vapor flows into the condenser, wherein heat is removed from the compressed refrigerant vapor by the first external fluid in thermal contact with the heat transfer surface of the condenser such that the temperature of the compressed refrigerant vapor decreases below the saturation temperature of the refrigerant and the refrigerant vapor condenses to liquid refrigerant. 3. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the flow of the first external fluid is substantially from the first end of the condenser to the second end of the condenser. 4. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the compressed refrigerant from which heat is removed by the first external fluid in thermal contact with the heat transfer surface flows through the condenser such that the flow of the compressed refrigerant is substantially parallel to the heat transfer surface. 5. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the condenser has a cross-sectional shape selected from a group consisting of: rectangular, polygonal, square, hexagonal, peanut, and oval. 6. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the condenser has a substantially circular cross-sectional shape. 7. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the condenser is a gas to vapor heat exchanger, where vapor is hotter than the gas. 8. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the condenser is a liquid to vapor heat exchanger, wherein the vapor is hotter than the liquid. 9. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the first external fluid is air. 10. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the first external fluid is water. 11. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the condenser comprises an enhanced surface geometry, wherein the enhanced surface geometry enhances heat removal by the first external fluid. 12. The condenser according to claim 11, wherein the first external fluid is ambient air, wherein the enhanced surface geometry of the exterior surface of the condenser comprises a plurality of extended surface features, wherein the plurality of extended surface features increase the surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser compared with a base surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser. 13. The condenser according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of extended surface features comprises a plurality of fins extending from the exterior surface of the condenser. 14. The condenser according to claim 13, wherein the cross-sectional shape of at least a portion of the plurality of fins is selected from the group of cross-sectional shapes consisting of: round, elliptical, square, and rectangular. 15. The condenser according to claim 12, wherein the extended surface features increase the surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser by at least a factor of 2 compared with the base surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser. 16. The condenser according to claim 12, wherein the base surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser is between about 200 square centimeters and about 500 square centimeters. 17. The condenser according to claim 12, wherein the extended surface features increase the surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser by a factor of between about 2 and about 5 compared with the base surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser. 18. The condenser according to claim 17, wherein the base surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser is between about 200 square centimeters and about 500 square centimeters. 19. The condenser according to claim 12, wherein the base surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser is between about 300 square centimeters and about 400 square centimeters, wherein the plurality of extended surface features increase the surface area of the exterior surface of the condenser by a factor of between about 2.5 and about 4. 20. The condenser according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of extended surface features have a substantially elliptical cross-section, such that the direction of air flow across the plurality of extended surface features is along the major axes of extended surface features. 21. The condenser according to claim 20, wherein the plurality of extended surface features are positioned on the exterior surface of the condenser in a staggered arrangement with respect to the direction of air flowing across the surface of the heat transfer surface of the condenser. 22. The condenser according to claim 21, wherein the spacing between the major axis of adjacent extended surface features is about 2.5 times the equivalent diameter of the elliptical cross-sectional shape of the extended surface features and the minor axes to minor axes spacing between staggered rows of extended surface features is about 2.5 times the equivalent diameter of the elliptical cross-sectional shape of the extended surface features. 23. The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the first external fluid is ambient air, and wherein the means for flowing the first external fluid across the surface of the heat transfer surface of the condenser is a fan. 24. The condenser according to claim 23, wherein the fan flows a portion of the first external fluid through the hollow volume formed by the second surface of the condenser. 25. The condenser according to claim 1, further comprising: an outer layer, wherein the outer layer surrounds the heat transfer surface of the condenser so as to form a second volume between the heat transfer surface of the condenser and the outer layer, wherein the first external fluid flowing across the exterior surface of the condenser flows through the second volume. 26. The condenser according to claim 25, wherein the first external fluid flowing across the heat transfer surface of the condenser flows from the first end of the condenser toward the second end of the condenser. 27. The condenser according to claim 25, further comprising: a means for flowing a portion of the first external fluid through the volume formed by the second surface of the condenser from the first end of the condenser to the second end of the condenser. 28. The condenser according to claim 1, further comprising: tubing in thermal contact with the condenser, wherein the compressed refrigerant vapor flows through the tubing such that heat is transferred from the compressed refrigerant vapor to the condenser. 29. The condenser according to claim 28, wherein the tubing spirals around in thermal contact with the condenser from the first end of the condenser to the second end of the condenser. 30. A condenser, comprising: a heat transfer surface, wherein the condenser acts as a heat exchanger so that heat is removed from a compressed refrigerant by a first external fluid in thermal contact with the heat transfer surface of the condenser; and a means for flowing the first external fluid across the heat transfer surface of the condenser, wherein the flow of the first external fluid is substantially parallel with the heat transfer surface of the condenser, wherein the flow of the compressed refrigerant is substantially perpendicular to the flow of the first external fluid, wherein the condenser comprises a first element and a second element, wherein the first element is inserted inside of the second element such that a duct is formed between the first element and the second element for the flow of the compressed refrigerant vapor through the condenser, wherein an interior surface of the first element is a second surface of the condenser and an exterior surface of the second element is the heat transfer surface of the condenser. 31. The condenser according to claim 30, wherein the duct is a helical duct. 32. The condenser according to claim 30, wherein a plurality of ducts are formed between the first element and the second element such that the plurality of ducts are parallel with each other.
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