Nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone determination in air
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
G01N-033/00
G01N-027/407
G01N-021/76
G01N-001/22
G01N-027/04
출원번호
US-0889824
(2004-07-13)
등록번호
US-7323343
(2008-01-29)
우선권정보
GB-0002081.8(2000-01-28)
발명자
/ 주소
Cox,Richard Anthony
Jones,Roderic Lewis
출원인 / 주소
Cambridge University Technical Services Limited
대리인 / 주소
Fortkort,Michael P.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
9인용 특허 :
8
초록▼
An analytical system is provided for determining nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations in air samples. An ultraviolet light source 4 is used to alter the equilibrium between nitrogen dioxide and oxygen on the one hand and nitrogen monoxide and ozone on the other. Dynamic measu
An analytical system is provided for determining nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations in air samples. An ultraviolet light source 4 is used to alter the equilibrium between nitrogen dioxide and oxygen on the one hand and nitrogen monoxide and ozone on the other. Dynamic measurement of ozone concentration with time while ultraviolet irradiation is pulsed enables each gas concentration to be calculated without requiring input gases to be scrubbed. An aApparatus 101 is further provided to provide a controlled flow of gas to a sensor 103 attached to a high altitude balloon while sheltering it from the elements and allowing for affects of temperature, said apparatus comprising a shield 104 and a gas conducting means which uses the venturi effect to control air flow or has a hole to allow water to drain without affecting air flow past the sensor.
대표청구항▼
The invention claimed is: 1. An instrument for quantifying the concentration of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone in an air sample, the instrument comprising: a conduit equipped with an inlet and an outlet and adapted to permit a flow of gas from said inlet to said outlet; an equilibriu
The invention claimed is: 1. An instrument for quantifying the concentration of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone in an air sample, the instrument comprising: a conduit equipped with an inlet and an outlet and adapted to permit a flow of gas from said inlet to said outlet; an equilibrium altering means for changing the kinetic equilibrium within the conduit between nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the presence of ozone and oxygen; a control means for modulating the equilibrium altering means; and a first gas sensor for quantifying the concentration of a first gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone; wherein the first gas sensor is positioned within the conduit and downstream from the equilibrium altering means, wherein the instrument is adapted to take readings of the concentration of the first gas with the first gas sensor and at a plurality of time points and to use those readings to calculate the concentration of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone in the air sample, and wherein some of said plurality of time points occur during the alteration of the kinetics between nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the presence of ozone and oxygen. 2. The instrument of claim 1, wherein the equilibrium altering means comprises an ultraviolet light source. 3. The instrument of claim 2, wherein the ultraviolet light source is switched on and off periodically by the control means. 4. The instrument of claim 2, wherein the control means is further adapted to allow for the effects of at least one factor, which factor is selected from the group consisting of temperature and pressure, on the kinetics between nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide. 5. The instrument of claim 1, wherein the equilibrium altering means comprises a means for removing one or more of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone or oxygen. 6. The instrument of claim 1, wherein the first gas sensor is an ozone sensor. 7. The instrument of claim 1, wherein some of said plurality of time points occur after the kinetics between nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the presence of ozone and oxygen have reached a steady state. 8. The instrument of claim 1, in combination with a weather balloon. 9. The instrument of claim 1, wherein said equilibrium altering means is a UV light source, wherein said UV light source is disposed within said conduit, and wherein said conduit is equipped with a UV reflective material. 10. The instrument of claim 1, wherein the first gas sensor is selected from the group consisting of(a) amperometric sensors; (b) solid state sensors whose resistance changes when exposed to ozone; (c) stain tube sensors; and (d) acoustic wave sensors. 11. The instrument of claim 1, wherein the first gas sensor is an amperometric sensor. 12. The instrument of claim 1, wherein the instrument is adapted to take the readings of the concentration of the first gas in an air sample without the addition of a second gas from a place exterior to the reaction chamber, wherein the second gas is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone. 13. A method for calculating the concentration of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone in air, the method comprising: activating an equilibrium altering means for changing the kinetic equilibrium between nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the presence of ozone and oxygen in an air sample; taking at least three readings of the concentration of a first gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone, wherein two of the at least three readings are taken at different times after the equilibrium means is altered but before the changes caused by the equilibrium altering means reach a steady state, and wherein at least one of the at least three readings is taken after the changes caused by the equilibrium altering means reach a steady state; and calculating, on the basis of the at least three readings, the concentration in the air sample of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the equilibrium altering means comprises an ultraviolet light source. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of switching the ultraviolet source on and off periodically. 16. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 15. 17. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 15, wherein said program is disposed on a tangible medium. 18. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 14. 19. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 14, wherein said program is disposed on a tangible medium. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least three readings are taken at distinct points in time, and wherein the concentration of the first gas at the distinct points in time is used to calculate the rate at which the balance between nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide changes in response to the effects of the equilibrium altering means. 21. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 1. 22. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 20, wherein said program is disposed on a tangible medium. 23. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least three readings are of ozone concentration. 24. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 23. 25. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 23, wherein said program is disposed on a tangible medium. 26. The method of claim 13, further comprising the steps of allowing for the effects of at least one factor, which factor is selected from the group consisting of temperature and pressure, on the equilibrium between nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide. 27. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 26. 28. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 26, wherein said program is disposed on a tangible medium. 29. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 13. 30. A computer program which, when loaded onto a computer is adapted to calculate the concentration of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in an air sample in accordance with the method of claim 13, wherein said program is disposed on a tangible medium. 31. A method for calculating the concentration of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone in an air sample, the method comprising: changing the kinetic equilibrium between nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the presence of ozone and oxygen in the air sample by activating a UV source; taking at least three readings of the concentration of a first gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone, wherein at least two of the at least three readings are taken before the changes caused by the UV source reach a steady state and wherein at least one of the readings is taken after the changes caused by the UV source reach a steady state; and calculating, on the basis of the at least three readings, the concentration in the air sample of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and ozone. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the UV source is periodically turned on and off. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the ozone concentration in the air sample is monitored while the UV source is periodically turned on and off. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the first gas is ozone.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (8)
Wendelin Rurik (Jrflla SEX) Sipek Ladislav (Tby SEX), Method and apparatus for reducing ozone.
Fletcher James C. Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; with respect to an invention of ( Hampton VA) Rogowski Robert S. (Hampton VA) Richards Ralph R. (Greenville IL) , Method for detecting pollutants.
Reagen William K. ; Lancaster Gregory D. ; Partin Judy K. ; Moore Glenn A., Method for the detection of nitro-containing compositions using ultraviolet photolysis.
Brown, Steven S.; Dubé, William P.; Wild, Robert J., Measurement of total reactive nitrogen, NOy, together with NO2, NO, and O3via cavity ring-down spectroscopy.
Gryska, Stefan H.; Palazzotto, Michael C.; Maanum, Derek M.; Kang, Myungchan, Method for identification and quantitative determination of an unknown organic compound in a gaseous medium.
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