초록 ▼

A pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit for a multimode electrical machine and a multimode electrical machine equipped with such a control circuit, including a configuration circuit that detects the operation mode of the electrical machine and produces a pulse width modulation to control a re

A pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit for a multimode electrical machine and a multimode electrical machine equipped with such a control circuit, including a configuration circuit that detects the operation mode of the electrical machine and produces a pulse width modulation to control a reversible current inverter circuit such that the electrical machine operates optimally in torque in engine modes and in current generator modes. The invention applies to vehicle alternators and starters.

대표청구항 ▼

The invention claimed is: 1. A pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit for a polyphase electrical machine, wherein the electrical machine is equipped with a multiphase stator and a rotor, the control circuit comprising: a reversible AC-DC current inverter circuit comprising two continuous supp

The invention claimed is: 1. A pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit for a polyphase electrical machine, wherein the electrical machine is equipped with a multiphase stator and a rotor, the control circuit comprising: a reversible AC-DC current inverter circuit comprising two continuous supply terminals and controlled terminals each to be connected to at least one phase of the stator of the electrical machine; a plurality of sensors configured to measure at least one of a current and a voltage in each phase of said electrical machine; at least one sensor of the plurality of sensors for producing instantaneous information on a position and a speed of rotation of the rotor of the electrical machine; a pilot circuit configured to receive information depending on measurements provided by the plurality of sensors and to control the AC-DC current inverter circuit using the received information; and signal generator circuit for configuration of the pilot circuit, said signal generator circuit configured to deliver at least one signal selected from a group consisting of first signals, second signals, third signals, fourth signals, and fifth signals, wherein the first signals are for enabling the electrical machine to operate as a starter, the second signals are for enabling the electrical machine to operate as an electric drive motor, the third signals are for enabling the electrical machine to operate as an electric reinforcement motor, the fourth signals are for enabling the electrical machine to operate as an alternator, and the fifth signals are for enabling the electrical machine to operate as an alternator recovering mechanical breaking energy. 2. The PWM control circuit according to claim 1, wherein a rotation detection circuit produces a first signal representative of the instantaneous angle of rotation of the rotor with relation to a reference position, and a second signal representative of the angular speed of rotation of the rotor. 3. The PWM control circuit according to claim 2, wherein the rotation detection circuit is connected to the inputs of a circuit that produces, first a switching control signal by a line bound for a chopper circuit connected to the excitation of the rotor and second, a plurality of reference signals bound for a pilot signal generator circuit bound for a supply bridge of the stator of the electrical machine. 4. The PWM control circuit according to claim 3, wherein the circuit also comprises a base wave generator circuit connected to an input terminal of the pilot signal generator circuit. 5. The PWM control circuit according to claim 4, wherein a base wave generated by the base wave generator circuit is comprised of a wave in triangular form, wherein the base wave presents a first increasing front at a first speed and a second decreasing front at a second speed. 6. The PWM control circuit according to claim 5, wherein the pilot signal generator circuit produces a plurality of pilot signals that are connected to the inputs of a circuit translator to produce conduction establishment signals of grids of different semiconductor interrupters of the supply bridge. 7. The PWM control circuit according to claim 6, wherein the pilot signal generator circuit comprises a subtracter wherein a first positive input terminal is connected to the input terminal of one of said reference signals and wherein a second negative input terminal is connected to the input terminal of one said measuring signals, and wherein the output terminal of the subtractor is connected to an input terminal of a correction circuit that applies a correction function that is presented at the output of the correction circuit in the form A1=F1(S1-M1). 8. The PWM control circuit according to claim 7, wherein the output signal issued from the correction circuit is applied to a first input terminal of a comparator, and wherein a second input terminal of the comparator is connected to the output of the pilot signal generator circuit, wherein the plurality of pilot signals allows the state of conduction of the controlled interrupter to be changed at the grid electrode to which the output of the comparator is connected. 9. The PWM control circuit according to claim 7, wherein the output terminals of the two correction circuits are also connected to the respective input terminals of an adder wherein the output terminal is applied to a first input terminal for a comparator wherein a second input terminal for comparison is connected to the output of the pilot signal generator circuit, and wherein the output terminal of the comparator delivers a signal to change the state of conduction of the controlled interrupter at the grid electrode to which the output terminal of the comparator is connected. 10. The PWM control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the circuit cooperates with a means for detecting an operation mode as a means for decoding a control applied to the electrical machine at an on-board computer deciding on the operation mode from among one selected from a group consisting of: an operation mode as a starter for a thermal engine; an operation mode as an alternator to recharge an electrical battery connected to a direct voltage on-board power supply network; an operation mode as a drive motor working directly on wheels of a vehicle or indirectly by mixing its mechanical power with the mechanical power provided by the rest of the drive train; and an operation mode as a generator working on the braking energy recovery required by the drive train. 11. The PWM control circuit according to claim 10, wherein, in the operation mode as a starter for the thermal engine, to increase the torque available on the rotor, the PWM control circuit comprises a means to increase the current in the stator for a number of coil turns to the given stator and a means to reinforce the current in the stator when the speed of rotation of the rotor is higher. 12. The PWM control circuit according to claim 10, wherein, in the alternator operation mode: to be able to draw a current at the power supply network by creating an electromotor force greater than the voltage of the electrical battery for low speeds up to a speed sufficient for passing into diode rectification mode; beyond a determined speed of rotation, the PWM control circuit comprises a means to limit the current required at the electrical battery. 13. The PWM control circuit according to claim 10, wherein the reference signal generator circuit comprises a program for the engine mode operation according to two zones determined by a speed limit, and wherein the engine mode operation comprises a DEM starter mode and an ASS help mode. 14. The PWM control circuit according to claim 13, wherein, in DEM starter mode, the circuit comprises means for determining a pulse width modulation that presents a constant output torque for a rotation speed varying from a null speed to the speed limit, and that presents a constant power decrease up to a maximum speed. 15. The PWM control circuit according to claim 13, wherein, in ASS help mode, the circuit comprises a means to determine a pulse width modulation that presents linearly decreasing output torque from a determined speed of separation between the two zones, which corresponds to an idling speed of the thermal engine up to 7,000 revolutions per minute. 16. The PWM control circuit according to claim 13, wherein when the electrical machine starts to operate in engine mode, the electrical machine comprises a supplementary circuit configured to detect when the voltage generated by the electrical battery is greater than the moiety of a nominal value of electrical battery operation with a predetermined ground voltage. 17. The PWM control circuit according to claim 3, wherein the means to produce the plurality of reference signals for the control of the stator also comprises a means to receive a load configuration control, wherein the load configuration control is provided by one selected from a group consisting of a control computer of the drive train and by a vehicle to determine if the electrical machine must work at full load or at reduced load. 18. The PWM control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the means to produce reference signals for the control of the stator also comprises a means to place the control circuit in a state such that the bridge produces a sinusoidal wave presenting a phase advance between 90 and 180 angle degrees in alternator mode. 19. The PWM control circuit according to claim 1 wherein, in alternator mode, the circuit comprises a means to determine by a recording means a value limit for the rotation speed of the rotor in two speed operation zones; a first zone for speeds under the value limit and a second zone for speeds over the value limit, wherein the value limit is determined by when the machine works in pulse width modulation and when the machine works in passive rectification with intrinsic diodes only. 20. The PWM control circuit according to claim 1 wherein, in alternator mode, the circuit comprises a means for making the conversion circuit work in a pulse width modulation system for the systems under the value limit or only by rectification by diodes for systems over the value limit. 21. The PWM control circuit according to claim 1 wherein the means for generating reference signals for the control of the stator and the control signal of the rotor current comprises a circuit that comprises a data memory equipped with a means to generate data sequences according to a feature based on an instantaneous rotation speed of the rotor and of a chosen operation mode of the electrical machine. 22. The PWM control circuit according to claim 21, wherein the memory circuit is programmed according to the Clarke and Park transformation to determine a triplet of parameters that describes an electrical state of the stator and of the rotor in various turning marks with the instantaneous rotation speed of the rotor developed by the corresponding output terminal of the rotation detection circuit. 23. The PWM control circuit according to claim 22, wherein the signals representing a stator current and an electrical angle are transmitted to two first input ports of a circuit wherein a third port is connected to the corresponding output of the circuit that develops a signal representing the instantaneous angle of rotation of the rotor and in that the circuit comprises a means to produce a plurality of reference signals to determine the pulse width modulation by using the chopping wave produced by the base wave generator circuit. 24. The PWM control circuit according to claim 23, wherein the circuit to produce reference signals comprises means for generating reference signals according to the current relationship defined by Si=Si (ls, Ψ, IR). where SI() is a predetermined function. 25. The PWM control circuit according to claim 23, wherein the circuit for producing reference signals comprises means achieved in the form of a program executed by a digital signal processor (DSP). 26. The PWM control circuit according to claim 23, wherein the circuit for producing reference signals comprises means for generating a current reference signal Si() by a sequencer that addresses, according to the triplet of parameters, a table of digital values representing a cartography determined in advance during the loading of the PWM control circuit. 27. The PWM control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the electrical machine is one selected from a group consisting of a Lundel type claw-pole rotor of salient-pole rotor machine, a machine with permanent magnets at the rotor, an induction or variable reluctance machine, an interpolar magnet claw-pole machine, and a hybrid rotor machine made of laminated iron and smooth poles with motor field and permanent magnets. 28. The PWM control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the electrical machine comprises means to control the electrical machine in the entire range of rotation speeds of the rotor. 29. The PWM control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the wave form generator circuit produces a wave in one selected from a group consisting of a sawtooth form, a triangle form a trapezoidal form, a FOC type vectorial control wave, and a wave form combined with a means to produce a hysteresis effect on wave fronts. 30. An electrical machine for a vehicle, wherein the electrical machine operates as one selected from a group consisting of a starter, an electrical drive motor, an electrical booster motor, an alternator, and a braking energy recovery alternator, wherein the electrical machine is adapted to operate with a control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the electrical machine comprises a wound stator, wherein a number of coils of the wound stator is calculated based on the lowest magnetization energy and wherein a current control is applied by means of the control circuit for operation modes that require a higher magnetization energy.