IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0079459
(2005-03-08)
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등록번호 |
US-7393381
(2008-07-01)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Tower,Paul M.
- Wetzel,Jeffrey V.
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출원인 / 주소 |
- Applied Filter Technology, Inc.
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
9 인용 특허 :
34 |
초록
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A plurality of different layers of filter media are used to remove siloxanes from a gas stream. Based on an analysis of the specific gas stream to be filtered, a filter media having an average pore size enabling the preferential removal of a specific class of contaminants is selected for each differ
A plurality of different layers of filter media are used to remove siloxanes from a gas stream. Based on an analysis of the specific gas stream to be filtered, a filter media having an average pore size enabling the preferential removal of a specific class of contaminants is selected for each different class of contaminants. The layers are arranged in sequential order such that contaminants having a higher molecular weight are preferentially removed by the first layers. Collectively, the layers define a segmented activity gradient that enables each class of contaminants present in the gas stream to be preferentially removed in a different layer, preventing removal competition between different classes of contaminants. Preferable adsorption media exhibit a relatively narrow range of pore sizes. Both inorganic adsorption media and carbon-based adsorption media exhibiting a relatively narrow range of pore sizes can be used.
대표청구항
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The invention in which an exclusive right is claimed is defined by the following: 1. A method of removing siloxanes from a gas stream, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a plurality of different grades of mineral-based adsorbent media, wherein each different grade is characterized as having a d
The invention in which an exclusive right is claimed is defined by the following: 1. A method of removing siloxanes from a gas stream, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a plurality of different grades of mineral-based adsorbent media, wherein each different grade is characterized as having a different average pore size; (b) analyzing the gas stream to determine the contaminants present in the gas stream; (c) for each different contaminant, selecting the grade of mineral-based adsorbent media whose pore size will enable the preferential removal of that contaminant; (d) using the different grades of mineral-based adsorbent media selected to produce a multi-layer filter bed; and (e) passing the gas stream through the multi-layer filter bed to remove the contaminants, the different layers minimizing removal competition among the contaminants, thereby enhancing the removal of the siloxanes from the gas stream. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the different grades of the mineral-based adsorbent media are characterized such that at least 50% of the pores in that grade fall within a range that spans less than about 50 nm. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the different grades of the mineral-based adsorbent media are characterized such that at least 50% of the pores in that grade fall within a range that spans less than about 10 nm. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the different grades of the mineral-based adsorbent media are characterized such that at least 50% of the pores in that grade fall within a range that spans less than about 1 nm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the different grades of the mineral-based adsorbent media are produced from silica sand. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the mineral-based adsorbent media comprise at least one of a synthetic silica gel and a synthetic zeolite. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mineral-based adsorbent media comprise at least one of an activated silica, an activated silica gel, a silicate acid condensation product, a silicate acid condensation based polymer, and a silicate acid condensation based resin. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selecting the grade of mineral-based adsorbent media whose pore size will enable the preferential removal of a specific contaminant comprises the step of using a computer model that correlates the pore size of each grade of filter media to a specific contaminant. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the computer model is based on both theoretical data and empirical data. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of using the different grades of mineral-based adsorbent media selected to produce a multi-layer filter bed comprises the step of configuring the multi-layer filter bed to achieve a segmented activity gradient. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of using the different grades of mineral-based adsorbent media selected to produce a multi-layer filter bed comprises the step of configuring the multi-layer filter bed such that the different grades of mineral-based adsorbent media are arranged in a sequence, so that the gas stream to be filtered will pass through a mineral-based adsorbent media having a largest average pore size first, and the gas stream to be filtered will pass through a mineral-based adsorbent media having a smallest average pore size last. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of using the multi-layer filter bed to remove the contaminants comprises the step of passing the gas stream through the multi-layer filter at a flow rate substantially lower than employed in conventional carbon filter beds. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of regenerating the mineral-based adsorbent media using a hot inert gas. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of using the different grades of mineral-based adsorbent media selected to produce a multi-layer filter bed further comprises the step of incorporating at least one layer of a carbon-based adsorbent in the multi-layer filter bed. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the carbon-based adsorbent comprises an adsorbent exhibiting a relatively narrow range of pore sizes. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the carbon-based adsorbent comprises an adsorbent exhibiting a relatively wide range of pore sizes. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of color coding the different grades of mineral-based adsorbent media, to facilitate distinguishing one grade from another. 18. A method of removing siloxanes and other contaminants from a gas stream, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a plurality of different grades of adsorbent media, wherein each different grade is characterized as exhibiting a relatively narrow range of pore sizes; (b) analyzing the gas stream to determine the siloxanes and other contaminants present in the gas stream; (c) organizing the contaminants into different classes based on molecular weights of the contaminants; (d) for each different class of contaminant, selecting the grade of adsorbent media whose pore size will enable a preferential removal of that class; (e) using the different grades of adsorbent media selected to produce a multi-layer filter bed; and (f) passing the gas stream through the multi-layer filter bed to remove the siloxanes and the other contaminants, different layers of the multi-layer filter bed minimizing removal competition among the different classes of contaminants, thereby enhancing the removal of the siloxanes from the gas stream. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of using the different grades of adsorbent media selected to produce the multi-layered filter bed comprises the step of using at least one mineral-based adsorbent media. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of using the different grades of adsorbent media selected to produce the multi-layered filter bed comprises the step of using at least one carbon-based adsorbent media. 21. A method of removing siloxanes and other contaminants from a gas stream, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a plurality of different grades of mineral-based adsorbent media, wherein each different grade is characterized as exhibiting a relatively narrow range of pore sizes; (b) analyzing the gas stream to determine the siloxanes and other contaminants present in the gas stream; (c) organizing the contaminants into different classes based on molecular weights of the contaminants; (d) selecting the grade of mineral-based adsorbent media whose pore size will enable a preferential removal of the siloxanes; (e) using the grade of mineral-based adsorbent media selected to produce a filter bed; and (f) passing the gas stream through the filter bed to remove the siloxanes. 22. A multi-layer filter bed for removing contaminants of different molecular weights from a gas stream, comprising: (a) a first layer of adsorption media, wherein a majority of pores in the first layer of the adsorption media fall within a range that spans less than about 10 nm and which preferentially remove contaminants having greater molecular weights; and (b) a second layer of adsorption media, wherein a majority of pores in the second layer of adsorption media fall within a range that spans less than about 10 nm and which preferentially remove contaminants having smaller molecular weights, the first layer being disposed relatively closer to an inlet than the second layer, the second layer being disposed relatively closer to an outlet than the first layer, and an average pore size of the first layer being generally larger than an average pore size of the second layer, wherein one of the first layer and the second layer comprises carbon-based filter media, and the other of the first layer and the second layer comprises mineral-based filter media. 23. The multi-layer filter bed of claim 22, wherein the second layer of adsorption media comprises the mineral-based adsorption media. 24. The multi-layer filter bed of claim 22, wherein the second layer of adsorption media comprises the carbon-based adsorption media. 25. The multi-layer filter bed of claim 22, further comprising an intermediate layer of adsorption media disposed between the first layer of adsorption media and the second layer of adsorption media, wherein a majority of pores in the intermediate layer of adsorption media fall within a range that spans less than about 10 nm, and which preferentially remove contaminants having intermediate molecular weights. 26. The multi-layer filter bed of claim 22, wherein the mineral-based adsorption media comprises at least one of a synthetic silica gel, a synthetic zeolite, an activated silica, an activated silica gel, a silicate acid condensation product, a silicate acid condensation based polymer, and a silicate acid condensation based resin. 27. A system for removing contaminants of different molecular weights from a gas stream, comprising: (a) a multi-layer mineral-based adsorbent media filter bed for removing contaminants of different molecular weights from a gas stream, the multi-layer mineral-based adsorbent media filter bed comprising: (i) a first layer of adsorption media, wherein a majority of pores in the first layer of the adsorption media fall within a range that spans less than about 10 nm and which preferentially remove contaminants having greater molecular weights; and (ii) a second layer of adsorption media, wherein a majority of pores in the second layer of adsorption media fall within a range that spans less than about 10 nm and which preferentially remove contaminants having smaller molecular weights, the first layer being disposed relatively closer to an inlet than the second layer, the second layer being disposed relatively closer to an outlet than the first layer, and an average pore size of the first layer being generally larger than an average pore size of the second layer, wherein one of the first layer and the second layer comprises a carbon-based filter media, and the other of the first layer and the second layer comprises a mineral-based filter media; and (b) a hot inert gas generator configured to regenerate the multi-layer mineral-based adsorbent media filter bed.
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