초록 ▼

A system and device for harvesting various frequencies and polarizations of ambient radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) energy for making a passive sensor (tag) into an autonomous passive sensor (tag) adapted to collect and store data with time-stamping and some primitive computation when nece

A system and device for harvesting various frequencies and polarizations of ambient radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) energy for making a passive sensor (tag) into an autonomous passive sensor (tag) adapted to collect and store data with time-stamping and some primitive computation when necessary even when an interrogating radio frequency identification (RFID) reader is not present (not transmitting). A specific source of ambient RF EM energy may include wireless fidelity (WiFi) and/or cellular telephone base stations. The system and device may also allow for the recharging of energy storage units in active and battery assisted passive (BAP) devices. The system could be a "smart building" that uses passive sensors with RF EM energy harvesting capability to sense environmental variables, security breaches, as well as information from "smart appliances" that can be used for a variety of controls and can be accessed locally or remotely over the Internet or cellular networks.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. An electronic device comprising: a control module comprising an energy harvesting controller; a tag module controlled by said control module; a sensor module controlled by said control module; an energy harvesting module controlled by said energy harvesting controller and ada

What is claimed is: 1. An electronic device comprising: a control module comprising an energy harvesting controller; a tag module controlled by said control module; a sensor module controlled by said control module; an energy harvesting module controlled by said energy harvesting controller and adapted to wirelessly collect ambient radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) energy; and a power module adapted to provide a power supply for said control module, said power supply being generated by the collected ambient RF EM energy, wherein said energy harvesting controller is adapted to (i) assess power requirements of each of the tag and sensor modules, (ii) transfer power from said energy harvesting module to any of said tag and sensor modules, and (iii) charge a local energy storage device. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising an antenna module shared by said energy harvesting module and said tag module. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein said antenna module comprises: a rectification and impedance matching network; at least one RF pad operatively connected to said rectification and impedance matching network; and at least one antenna operatively connected to each of said at least one RF pad. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein said tag module comprises: a memory component; a RF communication interface operatively connected to said memory component; at least one RF pad operatively connected to said RF communication interface; and at least one antenna operatively connected to each of said at least one RF pad. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein said sensor module comprises: a memory component; a sensor interface and support sub-system operatively connected to said memory component; at least one sensor pad operatively connected to said sensor interface and support sub-system; and at least one antenna operatively connected to each of said at least one sensor pad. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein said sensor module comprises: a memory component; a sensor interface and support sub-system operatively connected to said memory component; and at least one antenna operatively connected to sensor interface and support sub-system. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein said control module further comprises: a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag controller; and a sensor processing controller operatively connected to said RFID tag controller. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein said energy harvesting module comprises: an energy harvesting interface and support sub-system; at least one RF harvesting pad operatively connected to an energy harvesting interface and support sub-system; and at least one antenna operatively connected to each of said at least one RF harvesting pad. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein said energy harvesting module comprises: an energy harvesting interface and support sub-system; at least one pair of RF harvesting pads operatively connected to said energy harvesting interface and support sub-system; and at least one rectenna operatively connected to each of said at least one pair RF harvesting pads. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein said energy harvesting interface and support sub-system comprises: a storage component; a power conditioner component operatively connected to said storage component; and a combiner operatively connected to said power conditioner. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein said energy harvesting interface and support sub-system comprises a rectification and impedance matching network operatively connected to said combiner. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein said power module comprises: a power charger; a power source operatively connected to said power charger; and a voltage regulator operatively connected to said power source. 13. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein said collected ambient RF EM energy enables said electronic device to be a fully autonomous data collector, alarm generator, event generator, data logger, and data processor independent of any other device. 14. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein said power supply is generated only by said collected ambient RF EM energy. 15. A system comprising: an ambient radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) energy source; a sensor reader operatively connected to said ambient RF EM energy source; and a sensor in communication with said sensor reader, said sensor comprising: a control module comprising an energy harvesting controller; a tag module controlled by said control module; a sensor module controlled by said control module; an energy harvesting module controlled by said energy harvesting controller and adapted to wirelessly collect said ambient RF EM energy; and a power module adapted to provide a power supply for said control module, said power supply being generated by the collected ambient RF EM energy, wherein said energy harvesting controller is adapted to (i) assess power requirements of each of the tag and sensor modules, (ii) transfer power from said energy harvesting module to any of said tag and sensor modules, and (iii) charge a local energy storage device. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein said sensor further comprises an antenna module shared by said energy harvesting module and said tag module. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein said antenna module comprises: a rectification and impedance matching network; at least one RF pad operatively connected to said rectification and impedance matching network; and at least one antenna operatively connected to each of said at least one RF pad. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein said tag module comprises: a memory component; a RF communication interface operatively connected to said memory component; at least one RF pad operatively connected to said RF communication interface; and at least one antenna operatively connected to each of said at least one RF pad. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein said sensor module comprises: a memory component; a sensor interface and support sub-system operatively connected to said memory component; at least one sensor pad operatively connected to said sensor interface and support sub-system; and at least one antenna operatively connected to each of said at least one sensor pad. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein said sensor module comprises: a memory component; a sensor interface and support sub-system operatively connected to said memory component; and at least one antenna operatively connected to sensor interface and support sub-system. 21. The system of claim 15, wherein said control module further comprises: a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag controller; and a sensor processing controller operatively connected to said RFID tag controller. 22. The system of claim 15, wherein said energy harvesting module comprises: an energy harvesting interface and support sub-system; at least one RF harvesting pad operatively connected to an energy harvesting interface and support sub-system; and at least one antenna operatively connected to each of said at least one RF harvesting pad. 23. The system of claim 15, wherein said energy harvesting module comprises: an energy harvesting interface and support sub-system; at least one pair of RF harvesting pads operatively connected to said energy harvesting interface and support sub-system; and at least one rectenna operatively connected to each of said at least one pair RF harvesting pads. 24. The system of claim 15, wherein said energy harvesting interface and support sub-system comprises: a storage component; a power conditioner component operatively connected to said storage component; and a combiner operatively connected to said power conditioner. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein said energy harvesting interface and support sub-system comprises a rectification and impedance matching network operatively connected to said combiner. 26. The system of claim 15, wherein said power module comprises: a power charger; a power source operatively connected to said power charger; and a voltage regulator operatively connected to said power source. 27. The system of claim 15, wherein said collected ambient RF EM energy enables said electronic device to be a fully autonomous data collector, alarm generator, event generator, data logger, and data processor independent of any other device. 28. The system of claim 15, wherein said sensor reader comprises any of a cell phone, a personal display assistant (PDA), a personal computer (PC) reader, a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, a broadband wireless fidelity (WiFi) device, and a combination thereof. 29. The system of claim 15, wherein said power supply is generated only by said collected ambient RF EM energy. 30. The system of claim 15, wherein said sensor is adapted to transmit a wireless signal to said sensor reader, and wherein said sensor reader is adapted to receive the transmitted wireless signal from said sensor. 31. The system of claim 15, wherein said collected ambient RF EM energy facilitates transmission of said wireless signal when a selected sensor variable meets a predetermined threshold. 32. The system of claim 15, wherein said ambient RF EM energy source comprises a wireless fidelity (WiFi) router adapted to allow said sensor reader to communicate over the Internet. 33. The system of claim 15, wherein said ambient RF EM energy source comprises a hybrid wireless fidelity (WiFi) router transceiver adapted to allow said sensor reader to communicate over the Internet. 34. The system of claim 15, wherein said sensor is a RF ambient EM energy harvesting sensor and is arranged with a plurality of other said sensors each adapted to collect data for climate control, security alarms, environmental alarms, and information gathering from other devices located within a communicable distance from said sensor, wherein all of said sensors are adapted to be any of locally and remotely monitored via any of the Internet and a cell phone network. 35. A device comprising: a control module comprising: an energy harvesting controller; a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag controller operatively connected to said energy harvesting controller; and a sensor processing controller operatively connected to said RFID tag controller; a tag module controlled by said control module; a sensor module controlled by said control module; and an energy harvesting module directly connected to said control module and controlled by said energy harvesting controller, wherein said energy harvesting module is adapted to wirelessly collect, process, and store ambient radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) energy, wherein said energy harvesting controller is adapted to (i) assess power requirements of each of the tag and sensor modules, (ii) transfer power from said energy harvesting module to any of said tag and sensor modules, and (iii) charge a local energy storage device, and wherein power for operation of said control module, said tag module, said sensor module, and said energy harvesting module is generated only by the collected ambient RF EM energy.