IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0922508
(2004-08-18)
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등록번호 |
US-7471840
(2008-12-30)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Toebes,John A.
- Chen,Wen hsiung
- Wu,Fang
- Rosenfeld,Dov
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
4 인용 특허 :
95 |
초록
▼
A method, apparatus, and carrier medium to encode a series of quantized transform coefficients. The method includes identifying events that each includes a run of zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, and for each such event, jointly encoding the run l
A method, apparatus, and carrier medium to encode a series of quantized transform coefficients. The method includes identifying events that each includes a run of zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, and for each such event, jointly encoding the run lengths of the preceding run of zero-valued coefficients and the following run of non-zero-valued coefficients with a codeword, such that for at least some events, relatively more likely-to-occur pairs of runlengths are encoded by a shorter codeword than relatively less likely-to-occur runlengths. The method further includes encoding each amplitude in the run of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients, and encoding the signs of such coefficients. The method is applicable to encoding a region in the series where there is likely to be a cluster of non-zero-valued coefficients.
대표청구항
▼
The invention claimed is: 1. A method for operating hardware for processing an ordered series of digital signals that each has a value including an amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the processing to reduce t
The invention claimed is: 1. A method for operating hardware for processing an ordered series of digital signals that each has a value including an amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the processing to reduce the amount of data used to represent the digital signals and to form codewords such that the more likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively short codewords and the less-likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively long codewords, the method comprising: for a first contiguous region in the series: identifying events that each includes a run of consecutive coefficients of the most likely-to-occur amplitude, preceding a run of one or more consecutive signals having any value other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, including events of no coefficients of the most likely-to-occur amplitude preceding a run of one or more consecutive coefficients having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; for each identified event, jointly encoding the run lengths of the preceding run of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and the following run of other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude with an event codeword, such that for at least some events, relatively more likely-to-occur pairs of runlengths are encoded by a shorter event codeword than relatively less likely-to-occur runlengths; for each identified event, encoding each amplitude in the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the encoding of each amplitude being according to an amplitude coding method to generate an amplitude codeword, wherein the amplitude coding method encodes the amplitudes in, and not the runlength of the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, such that relatively short codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively more likely-to-occur, and relatively long codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively less likely-to-occur. 2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the series of digital signals is a series of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data formed by a transform such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the next most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of events identifies events that each includes a run of zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, including events of no zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of non-zero-valued coefficients. 3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the transformed block of image data includes a DC term, and wherein the DC term is separately encoded, such that the series of digital signals is a set of non-DC quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data. 4. A method as recited in claim 2, further comprising in the first region: for each identified event, encoding the signs of the non-zero-valued coefficients in the run of non-zero-valued coefficients. 5. A method as recited in claim 2, further comprising: providing a breakpoint defining the first contiguous region along the ordering of the series followed by a second continuous region; such that the coefficients of the first region are encoded by a first encoding method that includes the identifying of events, the jointly encoding the runlengths of the events, and the encoding the amplitudes of non-zero-valued coefficients of the events; and encoding the coefficients in the second region using a second region encoding method, and wherein the first region encoding method and the second region encoding method are such that the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the first region is different than the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the second region. 6. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising: providing at least one additional breakpoint such that the series is divided into more than two regions by the breakpoint and the one additional breakpoint for each region in addition to the second region; and encoding the coefficients in each additional regions defined by the corresponding additional breakpoint, the respective encoding in a region using a region coding method different from the coding methods used in other regions. 7. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the breakpoint value is pre-selected. 8. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the breakpoint value is selected from a finite set of pre-defined breakpoint values according to an image-dependent criterion. 9. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the second corresponding method is applicable to intraframe image data and to interframe blocks of image data, and wherein a first pre-selected breakpoint value is used for intraframe image data and a second pre-selected breakpoint value is used for interframe image data. 10. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the breakpoint defines a hard boundary between the first and second regions. 11. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the breakpoint defines a soft boundary between the first and second regions, such that for an identified event in the first region block having a sequence of consecutive non-zero values that crosses the breakpoint, the boundary between the first and second region is at the end of the event such that the whole event is in the first region. 12. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the jointly encoding of the runlengths on an event uses a multidimensional coding table. 13. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the number of events that are identified and whose run lengths are jointly encoded is limited such that only events up to a maximum total number of coefficients (the "maximal length") are identified, and wherein the identifying also identifies events of all zeroes of the maximum length, and maximal length events that end in a non-zero-coefficient, such that escape codes may be avoided in coding the coefficients of the first region. 14. A method as recited in claim 13, wherein the first region includes the first identified event; wherein the jointly encoding the runlengths of the event in the first region uses a first variable length coding method, and wherein the encoding the amplitudes of the non-zero-amplitudes of the event in the first region uses a first amplitude coding method, the method further comprising: providing a breakpoint defining a second contiguous region following the first region along the ordering of the series and a third continuous region following the second region; such that the coefficients of the second region are encoded by a second encoding method, the second encoding method including: identifying events that each includes a run of zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, including an event of no zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients; for each identified event in the second region, jointly encoding the run lengths of the preceding run of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and the following run of other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude with a codeword, such that for at least some events, relatively more likely-to-occur pairs of runlengths are encoded by a shorter codeword than relatively less likely-to-occur runlengths, the jointly encoding the run lengths of events in the second region using a second coding method; for each identified event in the second region, encoding each amplitude in the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the encoding according to a second amplitude coding method; and encoding the coefficients in the third region using a third region encoding method. 15. A computer readable hardware medium having instructions coded thereon that when executed by one or more processors cause execution of a method for processing an ordered series of digital signals that each has a value including an amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the processing to reduce the amount of data used to represent the digital signals and to form codewords such that the more likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively short codewords and the less likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively long codewords, the method comprising: for a first contiguous region in the series: identifying events that each includes a run of consecutive coefficients of the most likely-to-occur amplitude, preceding a run of one or more consecutive signals having any value other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, including a run of no coefficients of the most likely-to-occur amplitude, preceding a run of one or more consecutive coefficients having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; for each identified event, jointly encoding the run lengths of the preceding run of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and the following run of other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude with an event codeword, such that for at least some events, relatively more likely-to-occur pairs of runlengths are encoded by a shorter event codeword than relatively less likely-to-occur runlengths; for each identified event, encoding each amplitude in the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the encoding of each amplitude being according to an amplitude coding method to generate an amplitude codeword, wherein the amplitude coding method encodes the amplitudes in, and not the runlength of the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, such that relatively short codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively more likely-to-occur, and relatively long codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively less likely-to-occur. 16. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 15, wherein the series of digital signals is a series of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data formed by a transform such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the next most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of events identifies events that each includes a run of zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, including a run of no zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of non-zero-valued coefficients. 17. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 16, wherein the transformed block of image data includes a DC term, and wherein the DC term is separately encoded, such that the series of digital signals is a set of non-DC quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data. 18. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 16, wherein the method further comprises, in the first region: for each identified event, encoding the signs of the non-zero-valued coefficients in the run of non-zero-valued coefficients. 19. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 16, wherein the method further comprises: providing a breakpoint defining the first contiguous region along the ordering of the series followed by a second continuous region; such that the coefficients of the first region are encoded by a first encoding method that includes the identifying of events, the jointly encoding the runlengths of the events, and the encoding the amplitudes of non-zero-valued coefficients of the events; and encoding the coefficients in the second region using a second region encoding method, wherein the first region encoding method and the second region encoding method are such that the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the first region is different than the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the second region. 20. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 19, wherein the method further comprises: providing at least one additional breakpoint such that the series is divided into more than two regions by the breakpoint and the one additional breakpoint for each region in addition to the second region; and encoding the coefficients in each additional region defined by the corresponding additional breakpoint, the respective encoding in a region using a region coding method different from the coding methods used in other regions. 21. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 19, wherein the breakpoint value is pre-selected. 22. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 19, wherein the breakpoint value is selected from a finite set of pre-defined breakpoint values according to an image-dependent criterion. 23. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 19, wherein the second corresponding method is applicable to intraframe image data and to interframe blocks of image data, and wherein a first pre-selected breakpoint value is used for intraframe image data and a second pre-selected breakpoint value is used for interframe image data. 24. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 19, wherein the breakpoint defines a hard boundary between the first and second regions. 25. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 19, wherein the breakpoint defines a soft boundary between the first and second regions, such that for an identified event in the first region block having a sequence of consecutive non-zero values that crosses the breakpoint, the boundary between the first and second region is at the end of the event such that the whole event is in the first region. 26. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 15, wherein the jointly encoding of the runlengths of an event uses a multidimensional coding table. 27. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 16, wherein the number of events that are identified and whose run lengths jointly encoded is limited such that only events up to a maximum total number of coefficients (the "maximal length") are identified, and wherein the identifying also identifies events of all zeroes of the maximum length, and maximal length events that end in a non-zero-coefficient, such that escape codes may be avoided in coding the coefficients of the first region. 28. An apparatus for processing an ordered series of digital signals that each has a value including an amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the processing to reduce the amount of data used to represent the digital signals and to form codewords such that the more likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively short codewords and the less likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively long codewords, the apparatus comprising: means for identifying events in a first contiguous region in the series, each event including a run of consecutive coefficients of the most likely-to-occur amplitude, preceding a run of one or more consecutive signals having any value other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, including a run of no coefficients of the most likely-to-occur amplitude, preceding a run of one or more consecutive coefficients having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; means for jointly encoding, for each identified event, the run lengths of the preceding run of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and the following run of other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude with an event codeword, such that for at least some events, relatively more likely-to-occur pairs of runlengths are encoded by a shorter event codeword than relatively less likely-to-occur runlengths; and means for encoding, for each identified event, each amplitude in the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the means for encoding carrying out encoding according to an amplitude coding method to generate an amplitude codeword, wherein the amplitude coding method encodes the amplitudes in, and not the runlength of the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, such that relatively short codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively more likely-to-occur, and relatively long codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively less likely-to-occur. 29. An apparatus as recited in claim 28, wherein the series of digital signals is a series of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data formed by a transform such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the next most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the means for identifying events includes identifying events that each includes a run of zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, including a run of no zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of non-zero-valued coefficients. 30. An apparatus as recited in claim 29, wherein the transformed block of image data includes a DC term, and wherein the DC term is separately encoded, such that the series of digital signals is a set of non-DC quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data. 31. An apparatus as recited in claim 29, further comprising: means for encoding the signs of the non-zero-valued coefficients in the run of non-zero-valued coefficients for each identified event in the first region. 32. An apparatus as recited in claim 29, wherein the method further comprises: means for providing a breakpoint defining the first contiguous region along the ordering of the series followed by a second continuous region; such that the coefficients of the first region are encoded by a first encoding method that includes the identifying of events, the jointly encoding the runlengths of the events, and the encoding the amplitudes of non-zero-valued coefficients of the events; and means for encoding the coefficients in the second region using a second region encoding method, wherein the first region encoding method and the second region encoding method are such that the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the first region is different than the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the second region. 33. An apparatus as recited in claim 32, further comprising: means for providing at least one additional breakpoint such that the series is divided into more than two regions by the breakpoint and the one additional breakpoint for each region in addition to the second region; and means for encoding the coefficients in each additional region defined by the corresponding additional breakpoint, the respective encoding in a region using a region coding method different from the coding methods used in other regions. 34. An apparatus as recited in claim 32, wherein the breakpoint value is pre-selected. 35. An apparatus as recited in claim 32, wherein the breakpoint value is selected from a finite set of pre-defined breakpoint values according to an image-dependent criterion. 36. An apparatus as recited in claim 32, wherein the second corresponding method is applicable to intraframe image data and to interframe blocks of image data, and wherein a pre-selected breakpoint value is used for intraframe image data and a second pre-selected breakpoint value is used for interframe image data. 37. An apparatus as recited in claim 32, wherein the breakpoint defines a hard boundary between the first and second regions. 38. An apparatus as recited in claim 32, wherein the breakpoint defines a soft boundary between the first and second regions, such that for an identified event in the first region block having a sequence of consecutive non-zero values that crosses the breakpoint, the boundary between the first and second region is at the end of the event such that the whole event is in the first region. 39. An apparatus as recited in claim 29, wherein the means for jointly-encoding the runlengths on an event uses a multidimensional coding table. 40. An apparatus as recited in claim 29, wherein the number of events that are identified by the means for identifying and whose run lengths jointly encoded by the means for jointly encoding is limited such that only events up to a maximum total number of coefficients (the "maximal length") only are identified, and wherein the means for identifying also identifies events of all zeroes of the maximum length, and maximal length events that end in a non-zero-coefficient, such that escape codes may be avoided in coding the coefficients of the first region. 41. An apparatus including a processing system that includes a at least one processor and a storage device, the storage device configured with instructions that when executed cause the apparatus to accept an ordered series of digital signals that each has a value including an amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the apparatus to perform a method for processing an ordered series of digital signals to reduce the amount of data used to represent the digital signals and to form codewords such that the more likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively short codewords and the less likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively long codewords, the method comprising: for a first contiguous region in the series: identifying events that each includes a run of consecutive coefficients of the most likely-to-occur amplitude, preceding a run of one or more consecutive signals having any value other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, including a run of no coefficients of the most likely-to-occur amplitude, preceding a run of one or more consecutive coefficients having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; for each identified event, jointly encoding the run lengths of the preceding run of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and the following run of other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude with an event codeword, such that for at least some events, relatively more likely-to-occur pairs of runlengths are encoded by a shorter event codeword than relatively less likely-to-occur runlengths; for each identified event, encoding each amplitude in the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the encoding of each amplitude being according to an amplitude coding method to generate an amplitude codeword, wherein the amplitude coding method encodes the amplitudes in, and not the runlength of the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, such that relatively short codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively more likely-to-occur, and relatively long codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively less likely-to-occur. 42. An apparatus as recited in claim 41, wherein the series of digital signals is a series of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data formed by a transform such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the next most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of events identifies events that each includes a run of zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, including a run of no zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of non-zero-valued coefficients. 43. An apparatus as recited in claim 42, wherein the transformed block of image data includes a DC term, and wherein the DC term is separately encoded, such that the series of digital signals is a set of non-DC quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data. 44. An apparatus as recited in claim 42, wherein the method further comprises, in the first region: for each identified event, encoding the signs of the non-zero-valued coefficients in the run of non-zero-valued coefficients. 45. An apparatus as recited in claim 42, wherein the method further comprises: providing a breakpoint defining the first contiguous region along the ordering of the series followed by a second continuous region; such that the coefficients of the first region are encoded by a first encoding method that includes the identifying of events, the jointly encoding the runlengths of the events, and the encoding the amplitudes of non-zero-valued coefficients of the events; and encoding the coefficients in the second region using a second region encoding method, wherein the first region encoding method and the second region encoding method are such that the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the first region is different than the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the second region. 46. An apparatus as recited in claim 45, wherein the method further comprises: providing at least one additional breakpoint such that the series is divided into more than two regions by the breakpoint and the one additional breakpoint for each region in addition to the second region; and encoding the coefficients in each additional regions defined by the corresponding additional breakpoint, the respective encoding in a region using a region coding method different from the coding methods used in other regions. 47. An apparatus as recited in claim 45, wherein the breakpoint value is pre-selected. 48. An apparatus as recited in claim 45, wherein the breakpoint value is selected from a finite set of pre-defined breakpoint values according to an image-dependent criterion. 49. An apparatus as recited in claim 45, wherein the second corresponding method is applicable to intraframe image data and to interframe blocks of image data, and wherein a first pre-selected breakpoint value is used for intraframe image data and a second pre-selected breakpoint value is used for interframe image data. 50. An apparatus as recited in claim 45, wherein the breakpoint defines a hard boundary between the first and second regions. 51. An apparatus as recited in claim 45, wherein the breakpoint defines a soft boundary between the first and second regions, such that for an identified event in the first region block having a sequence of consecutive non-zero values that crosses the breakpoint, the boundary between the first and second region is at the end of the event such that the whole event is in the first region. 52. An apparatus as recited in claim 42, wherein the jointly encoding of the runlengths on an event uses a multidimensional coding table. 53. An apparatus as recited in claim 42, wherein the number of events that are identified and whose run lengths jointly encoded is limited such that only events up to a maximum total number of coefficients (the "maximal length") are identified, and wherein the identifying also identifies events of all zeroes of the maximum length, and maximal length events that end in a non-zero-coefficient, such that escape codes may be avoided in coding the coefficients of the first region.
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