초록

Disclosed herein is a heat exchanger with tubes (1) and at least one end piece, which has a tube bottom that, in turn, has a bottom plate (8), a baffle plate (12) and a covering plate (16).

대표청구항 ▼

The invention claimed is: 1. A heat exchanger, comprising: tubes which comprise tube ends and through which a first medium can flow in heat-exchange passages and around which a second medium can flow, a first collection chamber and a second collection chamber, configured so that the first medium ca

The invention claimed is: 1. A heat exchanger, comprising: tubes which comprise tube ends and through which a first medium can flow in heat-exchange passages and around which a second medium can flow, a first collection chamber and a second collection chamber, configured so that the first medium can be passed from said first collection chamber to said second collection chamber, and at least one end piece, which comprises a tube plate and a collection box, wherein said tube plate comprises individual plates bearing against one another, said individual plates including a base plate, a diverter plate, and a cover plate, wherein said tube ends are connected to said base plate, and at least one through-passage is formed by a cutout in said diverter plate and is closed off in a fluid-tight manner with respect to an environment surrounding the heat exchanger by said cover plate, and wherein said collection box comprises a housing and at least one collection chamber selected from the group consisting of said first collection chamber and said second collection chamber, said housing and said cover plate having apertures which are aligned with one another and through which said at least one collection chamber is in communication with said at least one through-passage. 2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection box is welded or soldered to the cover plate. 3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection box is formed integrally with the cover plate. 4. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection box is of tubular design. 5. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cover plate, at edges of apertures, has extensions which engage in apertures in the collection box housing. 6. The refrigerant heat exchanger as claimed in claim 5, wherein the diameter of the bores is variable. 7. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the housing of the collection box, at the edges of said apertures, has extensions which engage in apertures in the cover plate. 8. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein through-openings are respectively formed by two aligned apertures, and wherein said through-openings have different cross sections of flow. 9. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 8, wherein the through-openings with different cross sections of flow are arranged upstream of the heat-exchange passages. 10. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cross sections of flow of the through-openings increase in the direction of a decreasing pressure of the first medium inside the collection chamber in a region of the through-openings while the heat exchanger is operating. 11. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cross sections of flow of the through-openings increase in the direction of a decreasing density of the first medium within the collection chamber in a region of the through-openings while the heat exchanger is operating. 12. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional area of the first collection chamber is larger or smaller than a cross-sectional area of the second collection chamber. 13. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 12, wherein a ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the first and second collection chambers is approximately equal to the reciprocal of a ratio of the densities of the first medium within the first and second collection chambers, respectively, while the heat exchanger is operating. 14. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, further comprising at least on flow path which comprises a plurality of flow-path sections, wherein each flow-path section of said plurality of flow-path sections comprises at least one of said heat-exchange passages, configured so that the first medium can be passed along said at least one flow path, wherein at least one diverter passage is formed by a cutout in the diverter plate and closed off in a fluid-tight manner with respect to an environment surrounding the heat exchanger by said cover plate, wherein the at least one diverter passage connects the at least one heat-exchange passage of a first flow-path section of said plurality of flow-path sections to the heat-exchange passage of a second flow-path section, whereby the first medium can successively flow through said first and second flow-path sections. 15. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 14, wherein for each flow path hydraulically the first section is arranged in a tube which, within a row of tubes, is adjoined by tubes on two opposite sides. 16. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 14, wherein all sections of at least one flow path are aligned with one another in the main direction of flow of the second medium. 17. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 14, wherein the number of sections of at least one flow path can be divided by four. 18. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein a tube has a cutout at a tube end and the tube plate has a tube-receiving part with a web, the cutout and the web being of identical width. 19. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 18, wherein the height of the cutout is greater than that of the web. 20. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 18, wherein the cutout and the web are of identical height. 21. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 18, wherein the height of the cutout is greater than that of the web. 22. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diverter plate is formed integrally with the base plate and/or with the cover plate. 23. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base plate, the diverter plate and/or the cover plate are fully separated in regions between through-passages and/or diverter passages and/or have cutouts in the form of apertures or notches. 24. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein a tube is deformed into a U shape one or more times. 25. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger has precisely one end piece with a tube plate comprising individual plates bearing against one another. 26. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diverter plate is welded or soldered to the base plate and/or to the cover plate. 27. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first plate selected from the group consisting of the base plate, the diverter plate, and the cover plate has at least one first aperture and a second plate selected from the group consisting of the base plate, the diverter plate, and the cover plate, has second aperture, and wherein said first aperture comprises a protrusion at an edge of said first aperture, said protrusion engaging into said second aperture. 28. The heat exchanger as claimed claim 1, wherein the tubes are welded or soldered to the base plate. 29. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tubes are formed as flat tubes. 30. The refrigerant exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diverter device is formed by a further base plate with receiving openings and webs, which form a joined connection with the end-side groove of the flat tubes. 31. The refrigerant heat exchanger as claimed in claim 30, wherein the diverter device additionally has a passage plate with continuous slots and a closed cover plate. 32. The refrigerant heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width b of the passage openings in the passage plate is greater than the width a of the receiving openings in the base plate. 33. The refrigerant heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the groove in the flat-tube ends is greater than the thickness of the base plate. 34. A heat exchanger, comprising: tubes which comprise tube ends and through which a first medium can flow in heat-exchange passages and around which a second medium can flow, at least one flow path which comprises a plurality of flow-path sections, wherein each flow-path section of said plurality of flow-path sections comprises at least one of said heat-exchange passages and which is configured so that it is possible for the first medium to be passed along said at least one flow path, and at least one end piece, which comprises a tube plate, wherein said tube plate comprises individual plates bearing against one another, said individual plates comprising a base plate, a diverter plate, and a cover plate, wherein said tube ends are connected to said base plate, and at least one diverter passage is formed by a cutout in said diverter plate and closed off in a fluid-tight manner with respect to an environment surrounding the heat exchanger by said cover plate, and wherein the at least one diverter passage connects the at least one heat-exchange passage of a first flow-path section of said plurality of flow-path sections to the heat-exchange passage of a second flow-path section, whereby the first medium can successively flow through said first and second flow-path sections. 35. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 34, wherein said first and second flow-path sections are arranged laterally beside each other in the main direction of flow of the second medium. 36. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 34, wherein said first and second flow-path sections are aligned with one another in the main direction of flow of the second medium. 37. The refrigerant heat exchanger as claimed in claim 36, wherein in each case two U-tubes are connected in series on the refrigerant side, and in that in each case two adjacent passage openings, which are assigned to a U-tube outlet and a U-tube inlet, are in refrigerant communication with one another via a transverse passage in the passage plate. 38. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 34, wherein said first and second flow-path sections are arranged in a single tube. 39. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 34, wherein the number of sections of at least one flow path can be divided by two, in particular, by four. 40. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 34, wherein the at least one flow path comprises two adjacent flow paths running mirror-symmetrically with respect to one another. 41. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 34, wherein the at least on flow path comprises two flow paths each having a diverter passage, wherein the diverter passages of said two flow paths communicate with one another. 42. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 34 wherein a cross section of flow of said first flow path section is different from a cross section of flow of said second flow path section. 43. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 42, wherein the density of the first medium decreases from the first flow path section to the second flow path section, and wherein the cross section of flow of said first flow path section is larger than the cross section of flow of said second flow path section. 44. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 42, wherein the density of the first medium increases from the first flow path section to the second flow path section, and wherein the cross section of flow of said first flow path section is smaller than the cross section of flow of said second flow path section. 45. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 34, wherein a tube is deformed into a U shape one or more times. 46. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 34, wherein the heat exchanger comprises precisely one end piece with a tube plate comprising individual plates bearing against one another. 47. A heat exchanger, comprising: tubes which comprise tube ends and through which a first medium can flow in heat-exchange passages and around which a second medium can flow, and at least one end piece, which comprises a tube plate which comprises individual plates bearing against one another, wherein said individual plates comprise a base plate, a diverter plate, and a cover plate, wherein said tube ends are connected to said base plate, and at least one through-passage and/or diverter passage is formed by a cutout in said diverter plate and closed off in a fluid-tight manner with respect to an environment surrounding the heat exchanger by said cover plate, and wherein a tube comprises a cutout at a tube end and the base plate comprises a tube-receiving part with a web, the cutout and the web being of identical width. 48. The heat exchanger as claims in claim 47, wherein the cutout and the web are of identical height. 49. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 47, wherein the height of the cutout is greater than that of the web. 50. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 47, wherein a tube is deformed into a U shape one or more times. 51. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 47, wherein the heat exchanger comprises precisely one end piece with a tube plate comprising individual plates bearing against one another. 52. A heat exchanger, comprising: tubes which comprise tube ends and through which a first medium can flow in heat-exchange passages and around which a second medium can flow, and at least one end piece, which comprises a tube plate which comprises individual plates bearing against one another, said individual plates comprising a base plate, a diverter plate, and a cover plate, wherein said tube ends are connected to said base plate, and at least one through-passage and/or diverter passage is formed by a cutout in said diverter plate and closed off in a fluid-tight manner with respect to an environment surrounding the heat exchanger by said cover plate, wherein at least one tube is deformed into a U shape one or more times. 53. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 52, wherein the ends of the at least one deformed tube can be connected to the same base plate. 54. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 52, wherein the heat exchanger comprises precisely one end piece with a tube plate comprising individual plates bearing against one another. 55. A heat exchanger, comprising: tubes which comprise tube ends and through which a first medium can flow in heat-exchange passages and around which a second medium can flow, and precisely one end piece, which comprises a tube plate which comprises individual plates bearing against one another, said individual plates comprising a base plate, a diverter plate, and a cover plate, wherein said tube ends are connected to said base plate, and wherein at least one through-passage and/or diverter passage is formed by a cutout in said diverter plate and closed off in a fluid-tight manner with respect to an environment surrounding the heat exchanger by said cover plate.