초록 ▼

Composite materials made from reactive compounds such as oxides are disclosed. The materials comprise a reaction producing of metal oxide, phosphate and reactive residual materials. The metal oxide may comprise MgO, CaO, ZnO, TiO2 or the like. The phosphate may comprise mono-potassium phosphate, mon

Composite materials made from reactive compounds such as oxides are disclosed. The materials comprise a reaction producing of metal oxide, phosphate and reactive residual materials. The metal oxide may comprise MgO, CaO, ZnO, TiO2 or the like. The phosphate may comprise mono-potassium phosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate, mono-sodium phosphate or the like. The reactive residual material may be ash, phosphate clay, phosphate residual slurry, mining waste or the like. The composite materials may be used for many applications including rapid repair materials, pre-cast structures, in-situ structures, mixes and coatings.

대표청구항 ▼

We claim: 1. A composite material consisting essentially of a reaction product of: particulate MgO; particulate phosphate comprising mono-potassium phosphate, mono-sodium phosphate, di-potassium phosphate, di-hydrogen potassium phosphate and/or di-ammonium phosphate, wherein the weight ratio of the

We claim: 1. A composite material consisting essentially of a reaction product of: particulate MgO; particulate phosphate comprising mono-potassium phosphate, mono-sodium phosphate, di-potassium phosphate, di-hydrogen potassium phosphate and/or di-ammonium phosphate, wherein the weight ratio of the MgO to the phosphate is from about 1:1 to about 2:1; reactive residual material comprising fly ash, municipal waste ash, biosolids ash, volcanic ash, wood ash and/or cellulosic waste ash; substantially inert filler; and water. 2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises a mixture of a-30 mesh coarse particle size distribution and a-325 mesh fine particle size distribution, and the weight ratio of the coarse to fine particle size distributions ranges from about 1:100 to about 100:1. 3. The composite material of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the coarse to fine particle size distributions ranges from about 1:20 to about 20:1. 4. The composite material of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the coarse to fine particle size distributions ranges from about 1:10 to about 10:1. 5. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises a mixture of MgO having different particle size distributions. 6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises a mixture of MgO having different reactivities. 7. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises dead burned MgO. 8. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises hard burned MgO. 9. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO has a purity of less than 99%. 10. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO has a purity of from about 50 to 98%. 11. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises dead burned-30 mesh MgO. 12. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises dead burned-325 mesh MgO. 13. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises dead burned-30 mesh MgO and dead burned-325 mesh MgO. 14. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises hard burned-60 mesh MgO. 15. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises hard burned-30 mesh MgO. 16. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the phosphate comprises a plurality of phosphate compositions. 17. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the phosphate comprises mono-potassium phosphate. 18. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the phosphate comprises mono-sodium phosphate. 19. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the phosphate has a purity of from about 30 to about 85 weight percent. 20. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the MgO to the phosphate is from greater than 1.01:1 to about 2:1. 21. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material comprises fly ash, municipal waste ash, biosolids ash and/or volcanic ash. 22. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material comprises from about 5 to about 80 weight percent of the total of the combined MgO, phosphate and reactive residual material. 23. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material comprises from about 15 to about 70 weight percent of the total of the combined MgO, phosphate and reactive residual material. 24. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material comprises from about 20 to about 50 weight percent of the total of the combined MgO, phosphate and reactive residual material. 25. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material comprises phosphate slurry. 26. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material comprises CaO. 27. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material comprises fly ash. 28. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material comprises municipal waste ash. 29. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material comprises a calcium-containing material. 30. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material reacts with the MgO. 31. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material reacts with the phosphate. 32. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reactive residual material reacts with the MgO and the phosphate. 33. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has a reaction time of less than about 90 minutes. 34. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has a reaction time of from about 1 to about 60 minutes. 35. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has a reaction time of from about 2 to about 30 minutes. 36. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has an initial set time of from about 1 to about 120 minutes. 37. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has an initial set time of from about 1.5 to about 45 minutes. 38. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has an initial set time of from about 2 to about 30 minutes. 39. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has a final set time of from about 2 to about 180 minutes. 40. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has a final set time of from about 4 to about 90 minutes. 41. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has a final set time of from about 5 to about 45 minutes. 42. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has a compressive strength of at least 1,500 psi. 43. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material has a compressive strength of at least 2,500 psi. 44. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler comprises sand, aggregate, fibers, plastic, wood and/or paper. 45. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler comprises from about 5 to about 80 weight percent sand. 46. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material further comprises from about 1 to about 25 weight percent fibers. 47. The composite material of claim 46, wherein the fibers comprise metal, polymer, glass and/or graphite. 48. A rapid repair material comprising the composite material of claim 1. 49. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the material is used as a pre-cast structure. 50. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the material is used as an in-situ structure. 51. A coating composition comprising the composite material of claim 1. 52. A grout comprising the composite material of claim 1. 53. An anchor bonding material comprising the composite material of claim 1. 54. A mix for making a composite material, the mix consisting essentially of: particulate MgO; particulate phosphate comprising mono-potassium phosphate, mono-sodium phosphate, di-potassium phosphate, di-hydrogen potassium phosphate and/or di-ammonium phosphate, wherein the weight ratio of the MgO to the phosphate is from about 1:1 to about 2:1; reactive residual material comprising fly ash, municipal waste ash, biosolids ash, volcanic ash, wood ash and/or cellulosic waste ash; and substantially inert filler. 55. The mix of claim 54, wherein the MgO comprises a mixture of dead burned MgO and hard burned MgO. 56. The mix of claim 54, wherein the MgO comprises a mixture of a-30 mesh coarse particle size distribution and a-325 mesh fine particle size distribution. 57. The mix of claim 56, wherein the weight ratio of the coarse to fine particle size distributions ranges from about 1:100 to about 100:1. 58. The mix of claim 56, wherein the weight ratio of the coarse to fine particle size distributions ranges from about 1:20 to about 20:1. 59. The mix of claim 56, wherein the weight ratio of the coarse to fine particle size distributions ranges from about 1:10 to about 10:1. 60. The mix of claim 54, wherein the phosphate comprises a plurality of phosphate compositions. 61. The mix of claim 54, wherein the phosphate comprises mono-potassium phosphate, and/or mono-sodium phosphate, and the ash comprises fly ash, municipal waste ash, biosolids ash and/or volcanic ash. 62. The mix of claim 54, wherein the filler comprises sand, aggregate, fibers, plastic, wood and/or paper. 63. The mix of claim 54, wherein the filler comprises from about 5 to about 80 weight percent of the mix. 64. The mix of claim 54, wherein the MgO comprises from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of the mix, the phosphate comprises from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of the mix, and the reactive residual material comprises from about 5 to about 70 weight percent of the mix. 65. The mix of claim 54, wherein the MgO comprises from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the mix, the phosphate comprises from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the mix, and the reactive residual material comprises from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the mix. 66. The mix of claim 54, wherein the MgO comprises from about 20 to about 30 weight percent of the mix, the phosphate comprises from about 20 to about 30 weight percent of the mix, and the reactive residual material comprises from about 15 to about 40 weight percent of the mix. 67. A rapid repair material consisting essentially of a reaction product of: particulate MgO; particulate phosphate comprising mono-potassium phosphate, mono-sodium phosphate, di-potassium phosphate, di-hydrogen potassium phosphate and/or di-ammonium phosphate, wherein the weight ratio of the MgO to the phosphate is from about 1:1 to about 2:1; reactive residual material comprising fly ash, municipal waste ash, biosolids ash, volcanic ash, wood ash and/or cellulosic waste ash; substantially inert filler; and water. 68. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the phosphate comprises mono-potassium phosphate and/or mono-sodium phosphate, and the reactive residual material comprises fly ash, municipal waste ash, biosolids ash and/or volcanic ash. 69. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the phosphate comprises mono-potassium phosphate. 70. The rapid repair material of claim 69, wherein the reactive residual material comprises fly ash, volcanic ash and/or municipal solid waste ash. 71. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the MgO comprises from about 10 to about 35 weight percent, the phosphate comprises from about 10 to about 35 weight percent, and the reactive residual material comprises from about 15 to about 70 weight percent of the total combined amount of the MgO, phosphate and reactive residual material. 72. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the rapid repair material has an initial set time of less than about 30 minutes. 73. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the rapid repair material has an initial set time of from about 0.1 to about 25 minutes. 74. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the rapid repair material has an initial set time of from about 1 to about 15 minutes. 75. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the rapid repair material has a final set time of less than about 60 minutes. 76. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the rapid repair material has a compressive strength of at least 500 psi. 77. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the rapid repair material has a compressive strength of at least 1,500 psi. 78. The rapid repair material of claim 67, wherein the rapid repair material has a compressive strength of at least 2,000 psi. 79. A method of making a composite material, the method comprising: providing a mixture consisting essentially of particulate MgO, particulate phosphate comprising mono-potassium phosphate, mono-sodium phosphate, di-potassium phosphate, di-hydrogen potassium phosphate and/or di-ammonium phosphate, reactive residual material comprising fly ash, municipal waste ash, biosolids ash, volcanic ash, wood ash and/or cellulosic waste ash, and substantially inert filler, wherein the weight ratio of the MgO to the phosphate is from about 1:1 to about 2:1; and adding water to the mixture. 80. The method of claim 79, wherein the step of adding water to the mixture is performed by pouring the water into the mixture. 81. The method of claim 79, wherein the step of adding water to the mixture is performed by pouring the mixture into the water. 82. The method of claim 79, wherein water comprises tap water, potable water or seawater. 83. The method of claim 79, wherein the water comprises from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the mixture. 84. The method of claim 79, wherein the water comprises from about 15 to about 30 weight percent of the mixture. 85. The method of claim 79, wherein the phosphate comprises mono-potassium phosphate and/or mono-sodium phosphate, and the reactive residual material comprises fly ash, municipal waste ash, biosolids ash and/or volcanic ash. 86. The method of claim 79, wherein the MgO comprises from about 5 to about 50 weight percent, the phosphate comprises from about 5 to about 50 weight percent, and the reactive residual material comprises from about 5 to about 70 weight percent of the mixture. 87. The method of claim 79, wherein the composite material has an initial set time of less than about 120 minutes. 88. The method of claim 79, wherein the composite material has an initial set time of from about 1.5 to about 45 minutes. 89. The method of claim 79, wherein the composite material has an initial set time of from about 2 to about 30 minutes. 90. The method of claim 79, wherein the composite material has a final set time of less than about 180 minutes. 91. The method of claim 79, wherein the composite material has a final set time of from about 4 to about 90 minutes. 92. The method of claim 79, wherein the composite material has a final set time of from about 5 to about 45 minutes. 93. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MgO comprises light burned MgO. 94. The composite material of claim 1, further comprising CaCl2 or CrCl3. 95. The composite material of claim 1, further comprising MgSO4, Mg(OH)2 or MgCO3. 96. The mix of claim 54, wherein the MgO has a purity of from at least 10 to about 99 weight percent. 97. The mix of claim 54, wherein the MgO has a purity of from at least 10 to about 98 weight percent. 98. The mix of claim 54, wherein the phosphate has a purity of from about 30 to about 85 weight percent. 99. The mix of claim 54, further comprising CaCl2 or CrCl3. 100. The mix of claim 54, further comprising MgSO4, Mg(OH)2 or MgCO3.