Polarizing, photochromic devices and methods of making the same
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
G02F-001/03
G02F-001/01
G02C-007/10
G02C-007/00
출원번호
US-0590315
(2006-10-31)
등록번호
US-7505189
(2009-03-17)
발명자
/ 주소
Kumar,Anil
Foller,Peter C.
Blackburn,Forrest R.
Shao,Jiping
He,Meng
Kellar, II,Terry A.
출원인 / 주소
Transitions Optical, Inc.
대리인 / 주소
Pingitore,Linda
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
7인용 특허 :
75
초록
Provided is an optical element including: a substrate; and at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound connected to at least a portion of the substrate and having an average absorption ratio greater than 2.3 in an activated state.
대표청구항▼
We claim: 1. An optical element comprising: a substrate; and at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound connected to at least a portion of the substrate and having an average absorption ratio ranging from 2.5 to 50 in an activated state. 2. The op
We claim: 1. An optical element comprising: a substrate; and at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound connected to at least a portion of the substrate and having an average absorption ratio ranging from 2.5 to 50 in an activated state. 2. The optical element of claim 1 wherein the optical element is chosen from ophthalmic elements, display elements, windows, mirrors, and active and passive liquid crystal cell elements. 3. The optical element of claim 1 wherein the ophthalmic element is chosen from corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses, intra-ocular lenses, magnifying lenses, protective lenses, and visors. 4. The optical element of claim 1 wherein the display element is chosen from screens, monitors, and security elements. 5. The optical element of claim 1 wherein the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound has an average absorption ratio ranging from 3 to 30 in the activated state. 6. The optical element of claim 1 wherein the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound has an average absorption ratio ranging from 4 to 20 in the activated state. 7. The optical element of claim 1 wherein the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound is chosen from: (1) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-(3-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidino) phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (2) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-(4-butyl-phenylcarbamoyl)-piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-13, 13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho [1,2-b]pyran; (3) 3-phenyl-3-(4-([1,4']bipiperidinyl-1'-yl)phenyl)-13, 13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-([1,4']bipiperidinyl-1'-yl)indeno[2',3':3,4] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (4) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-hexylbenzoyloxy)-piperidin-1-yl)indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b] pyran; (5) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4'-octyloxy-biphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)-piperidin-1-yl)indeno[2',3':3,4] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (6) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-{4-[17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, 16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy]-piperidin-1-yl}indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (7) 3-phenyl-3-(4-{4-[17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy]-piperidin-1-yl}-phenyl)-13, 13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-{4-[17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4, 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy]-piperidin-1-yl})indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho [1,2-b]pyran; (8) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-(4'-octyloxy-biphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)indeno[2', 3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (9) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-(4-hexyloxyphenylcarbonyloxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)indeno[2',3':3,4] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (10) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-(4-(2-fluorobenzoyloxy)benzoyloxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)indeno[2', 3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (11) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-(4-hexylbenzoyloxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1, 2-b]pyran; (12) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-hexylbenzoyloxy)benzoyloxy)-indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (13) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-(4-hexylbenzoyloxy)benzoyloxy)benzoyloxy)indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b] pyran; (14) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl))phenyl)-13, 13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-(3-phenylprop-2-ynoyloxy)phenyl) piperazin-1-yl)-indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (15) 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13-ethyl-13-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-(4-hexylbenzoyloxy)phenyl) piperazin-1-yl)indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (16) 3-phenyl-3-{4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)-13-[17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10, 13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, 17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yloxy]-13-ethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-[17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7, 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy]piperadin-1-yl)-indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1, 2-b]pyran; (17) 3-phenyl-3-(4-{4-[17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy]-piperidin-1-yl}-phenyl)-13-ethyl-13-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-{4-[17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10, 13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, 17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy]-piperidin-1-yl})indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (18) 3-phenyl-3-{4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-(4-(3-phenyl-3-{4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl}-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-indeno [2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-7-yl)-piperadin-1-yl)oxycarbonyl)phenyl) phenyl)cabonyloxy)-indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (19) 3-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-3-phenyl-7-methoxycarbonyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran; (20) 3-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-3-phenyl-7-hydroxycarbonyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran; (21) 3-(4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl)-3-phenyl-7-(4-phenyl-(phen-1-oxy)carbonyl)-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran; (22) 3-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-3-phenyl-7-(N-(4-( (4-dimethylamino)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)carbamoyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran; (23) 2-phenyl-2-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}benzofuro[3', 2':7,8]benzo[b]pyran; (24) 2-phenyl-2-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}benzothieno[3', 2':7,8]benzo[b]pyran; (25) 7-{17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, 16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy}-2-phenyl-2-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-phenyl)-6-methoxycarbonyl-2H-benzo[b]pyran; (26) 2-phenyl-2-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-9-hydroxy-8-methoxycarbonyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (27) 2-phenyl-2-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-9-hydroxy-8-(N-(4-butyl-phenyl))carbamoyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (28) 2-phenyl-2-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-9-hydroxy-8-(N-(4-phenyl)phenyl)carbamoyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (29) 1,3,3-trimethyl-6'-(4-ethoxycarbonyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-spiro[indoline-2, 3'-3H naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; (30) 1,3,3-trimethyl-6'-(4-[N-(4-butylphenyl)carbamoyl]-piperidin-1-yl)-spiro [indoline-2,3'-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; (31) 1,3,3-trimethyl-6'-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-spiro[indoline-2, 3'-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; (32) 1,3,3-trimethyl-6'-(4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-spiro[indoline-2, 3'-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; (33) 1,3,3,5,6-pentamethyl-7'-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-spiro [indoline-2,3'-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; (34) 1,3-diethyl-3-methyl-5-methoxy-6'-(4-(4'-Hexyloxy-biphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)-piperidin-1-yl)-spiro[indoline-2,3'-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; (35) 1,3-diethyl-3-methyl-5-[4-(4-pentadecafluoroheptyloxy-phenylcarbamoyl)-benzyloxy]-6'-(4-(4'-hexyloxy-biphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)-piperidin-1-yl)-spiro[indoline-2,3'-3H-naphtho[2,1-b](1,4]oxazine]; (36) 2-phenyl-2-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl} 5-carbomethoxy-8-(N-(4-phenyl)phenyl)carbamoyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (37) 2-phenyl-2-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-5-carbomethoxy-8-(N-(4-phenyl)phenyl)carbamoyl-2H-fluoantheno[1,2-b] pyran; (38) 2-phenyl-2-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-5-carbomethoxy-11-(4-{17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy}phenyl)-2H-fluoantheno[1,2-b]pyran; (39) 1-(4-carboxybutyl)-6-(4-(4-propylphenyl)carbonyloxy)phenyl)-3, 3-dimethyl-6'-(4-ethoxycarbonyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-spiro[(1, 2-dihydro-9H-dioxolano[4',5':6,7]indoline-2,3'-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4] oxazine]; (40) 1-(4-carboxybutyl)-6-(4-(4-propylphenyl)carbonyloxy)phenyl)-3, 3-dimethyl-7'-(4-ethoxycarbonyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-spiro[(1, 2-dihydro-9H-dioxolano[4',5':6,7]indoline-2,3'-3H-naphtho[1,2-b][1,4] oxazine]; (41) 1,3-diethyl-3-methyl-5-(4-{17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7, 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy}phenyl)-6'-(4-(4'-hexyloxy-biphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)-piperidin-1-yl)-spiro[indoline-2, 3'-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; (42) 1-butyl-3-ethyl-3-methyl-5-methoxy-7'-(4-(4'-Hexyloxy-biphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)-piperidin-1-yl)-spiro[indoline-2, 3'-3H-naphtho[1,2-b][1,4]oxazine]; (43) 2-phenyl-2-{4-[4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-2H-9-(4-(4-propylphenyl)carbonyloxy)phenyl)(1, 2-dihydro-9H-dioxolano[4',5':6,7]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (44) 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13-ethyl-13-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-propylphenyl)carbonyloxy)phenyl)-[1,2-dihydro-9H-dioxolano[4",5":6,7][indeno[2',3':3,4]]naphtho[1,2-b] pyran; (45) 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13-ethyl-13-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-hexylphenyl)carbonyloxy)phenyl)-[1, 2-dihydro-9H-dioxolano[4",5":5,6][indeno[2',3':3,4]]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; (46) 4-(4-((4-cyclohexylidene-1-ethyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolin-3-ylidene)ethyl)-2-thienyl)phenyl-(4-propyl)benzoate; (47) 4-(4-((4-adamantan-2-ylidene-1-(4-(4-hexylphenyl)carbonyloxy)phenyl)-2, 5-dioxopyrrolin-3-ylidene)ethyl)-2-thienyl)phenyl-(4-propyl)benzoate; (48) 4-(4-((4-adamantan-2-ylidene-2,5-dioxo-1-(4-(4-(4-propylphenyl) piperazinyl)phenyl)pyrrolin-3-ylidene)ethyl)-2-thienyl)phenyl (4-propyl)benzoate; (49) 4-(4-((4-adamantan-2-ylidene-2,5-dioxo-1-(4-(4-(4-propylphenyl) piperazinyl)phenyl)pyrrolin-3-ylidene)ethyl)-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)phenyl (4-propyl)benzoate; (50) 4-(4-((4-adamantan-2-ylidene-2,5-dioxo-1-(4-{17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10, 13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, 17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy}phenyl) pyrrolin-3-ylidene)ethyl)-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)phenyl(4-propyl)benzoate; (51) 4-(4-methyl-5,7-dioxo-6-(4-(4-(4-opylphenyl)piperazinyl)phenyl)spiro[8, 7a-dihydrothiapheno[4,5-f]isoindole-8,2'-adamentane]-2-yl)phenyl(4-propyl) phenyl benzoate; (52) N-(4-{17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14, 15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyloxy} phenyl-6,7-dihydro-4-methyl-2-phenylspiro(5,6-benzo[b] thiophenedicarboxyimide-7,2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane); (53) N-cyanomethyl-6,7-dihydro-2-(4-(4-(4-propylphenyl)piperazinyl)phenyl)-4-methylspiro(5,6-benzo[b]thiophenedicarboxyimide-7,2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1] decane); (54) N-phenylethyl-6,7-dihydro-2-(4-(4-(4-hexylbenzoyloxy)phenyl) piperazin-1-yl)phenyl4-methylspiro(5,6-benzo[b]thiophenedicarboxyimide-7, 2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane); (55) N-phenylethyl-6,7-dihydro-2-(4-(4-(4-hexylbenzoyloxy)phenyl) piperazin-1-yl)phenyl-4-cyclopropylspiro(5,6-benzo[b] thiophenedicarboxyimide-7,2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane); (56) N-phenylethyl-6,7-dihydro-2-(4-(4-(4-hexylbenzoyloxy)phenyl) piperazin-1-yl)phenyl-4-cyclopropylspiro(5,6-benzo[b]furodicarboxyimide-7, 2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane); (57) N-cyanomethyl-6,7-dihydro-4-(4-(4-(4-hexylbenzoyloxy)phenyl) piperazin-1-yl)phenyl-2-phenylspiro(5,6-benzo[b]thiophenedicarboxyimide-7, 2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane); (58) N-[17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, 16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyl-6, 7-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)phenyl-4-methylspiro(5,6-benzo[b] thiophenedicarboxyimide-7,2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane); (59) N-cyanomethyl-2-(4-(6-(4-butylphenyl)carbonyloxy-(4,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0] oct-2-yl))oxycarbonyl)phenyl-6,7-dihydro-4-cyclopropylspiro(5,6-benzo[b] thiophenedicarboxyimide-7,2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane); (60) 6,7-dihydro-N-methoxycarbonylmethyl-4-(4-(6-(4-butylphenyl)carbonyloxy-(4, 8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-yl))oxycarbonyl)phenyl-2-phenylspiro(5,6-benzo [b]thiophenedicarboxyimide-7,2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane); and (61) 3-phenyl-3-(4-pyrrolidinylphenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(4-(4-(4-(6-(4-(4-(4-onylphenylcabonyloxy)phenyl)oxycarbonyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl) pipe razin-1-yl)indeno[2',3':3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran. 8. The optical element of claim 1, further comprising at least one orientation facility having at least a first general direction connected to at least a portion of the substrate, wherein the at least a portion of the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound is at least partially aligned such that a long-axis of the thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound in the activated state is generally parallel to at least the first general direction of the at least one orientation facility. 9. The optical element of claim 8 wherein the at least a portion of the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound is bound to the at least a portion of the at least one orientation facility. 10. The optical element of claim 8 wherein the at least one orientation facility comprises a plurality of at least partially ordered regions and each region has a general direction that is the same or different from the remaining regions. 11. The optical element of claim 8 wherein the at least one orientation facility comprises at least one of: an at least partial coating comprising an at least partially ordered alignment medium, an at least partially ordered polymeric sheet, an at least partially treated surface, and a Langmuir-Blodgett film. 12. The optical element of claim 8 wherein the at least one orientation facility comprises an at least partial coating comprising an at least partially ordered alignment medium, and the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound is connected to at least a portion of the at least one at least partial coating comprising the at least partially ordered alignment medium. 13. The optical element of claim 12 wherein the alignment medium is chosen from photo-orientation materials, rubbed-orientation materials, and liquid crystal materials. 14. The optical element of claim 13 wherein the photo-orientation material is a photo-orientable polymer network chosen from azobenzene derivatives, cinnamic acid derivatives, coumarine derivatives, ferulic acid derivatives, and polyimides. 15. The optical element of claim 13 wherein the rubbed-orientation material is chosen from (poly)imides, (poly)siloxanes, (poly)acrylates, and (poly)coumarines. 16. The optical element of claim 13 wherein the liquid crystal material is chosen from liquid crystal polymers, liquid crystal pre-polymers, liquid crystal monomers, and liquid crystal mesogens. 17. The optical element of claim 12 wherein an at least partial coating comprising an at least partially ordered alignment transfer material is connected to at least a portion of the at least partial coating comprising the at least partially ordered alignment medium, and the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound is connected to at least a portion of the at least one at least partial coating comprising the at least partially ordered alignment transfer material. 18. The optical element of claim 17 wherein the alignment transfer material is a liquid crystal material chosen from at least one of liquid crystal polymers, liquid crystal pre-polymers, liquid crystal monomers, and liquid crystal mesogens. 19. The optical element of claim 18 wherein the liquid crystal material is cross-linkable. 20. The optical element of claim 18 wherein the liquid crystal material is photocross-linkable. 21. The optical element of claim 17 wherein the alignment transfer material is a liquid crystal material having at least one functional group chosen from acrylates, methacrylates, allyl, allyl ethers, alkynes, amino, anhydrides, epoxides, hydroxides, isocyanates, blocked isocyanates, siloxanes, thiocyanates, thiols, urea, vinyl, and vinyl ethers. 22. The optical element of claim 1, further comprising at least one at least partially ordered anisotropic material connected to at least a portion of the substrate, wherein the at least a portion of the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound is at least partially aligned with the at least partially ordered anisotropic material. 23. The optical element of claim 22 wherein the at least a portion of the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound is bound to the at least partially ordered anisotropic material. 24. The optical element of claim 22 wherein the at least one anisotropic material is a liquid crystal material chosen from at least one of liquid crystal polymers, liquid crystal pre-polymers, liquid crystal monomers, and liquid crystal mesogens. 25. The optical element of claim 24 wherein the liquid crystal material is cross-linkable. 26. The optical element of claim 24 wherein the liquid crystal material is photocross-linkable. 27. The optical element of claim 22 wherein the anisotropic material is a liquid crystal material having at least one functional group chosen from acrylate, methacrylate, allyl, allyl ether, alkyne, amine, anhydride, epoxide, hydroxide, isocyanate, blocked isocyanate, siloxane, thiocyanate, thiol, urea, vinyl, and vinyl ether. 28. The optical element of claim 22 wherein the at least one at least partially ordered anisotropic material and the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound form an at least partial coating connected to at least a portion of the substrate. 29. The optical element of claim 28 further comprising at least one orientation facility positioned between the at least partial coating formed by the at least one at least partially ordered anisotropic material and the at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound and at least a portion of the substrate. 30. An optical element comprising: a substrate; and at least one at least partially aligned thermally reversible photochromic-dichroic compound connected to at least a portion of the substrate and having an average absorption ratio greater than 2.3 in an activated state.
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Walters Robert W. ; Welch Cletus N. ; Burgman John W. ; Singer Debra L. ; Swarup Shanti, Photochromic epoxy resin coating composition and articles having such a coating.
Frigoli Michel,FRX ; Rebiere-Galy Nicole,FRX ; Moustrou Corinne,FRX ; Samat Andre,FRX ; Guglielmetti Robert,FRX, Photochromic naphtho [2,1-b]pyran compounds containing bithienyl or terthienyl substituents, process for their manufacture, and photochromic materials and articles obtained.
Bowles ; III Robert J. ; Gruchacz Nancyanne ; Swarup Shanti ; Conklin Jeanine A. ; Walters Robert W. ; Hunt Robin, Photochromic polyurethane coating and articles having such a coating.
Shen Sunny S. ; Polis David W. ; Yoon Hyun N. ; Tien Tze-Pei, Polarizer films comprising aromatic liquid crystalline polymers comprising dichroic dyes in their main chains.
Kumar,Anil; Foller,Peter C.; Blackburn,Forrest R.; Shao,Jiping; He,Meng; Kellar, II,Terry A., Polarizing, photochromic devices and methods of making the same.
Smith Robert A. ; Walters Robert W. ; Stewart Kevin J. ; Misura Michael S., Process for producing an adherent polymeric layer on polymeric substrates and articles produced thereby.
Behre Horst (Odenthal DEX) Blank Heinz U. (Odenthal DEX) Marzolph Gerhard (Koeln DEX) Streicher Willi (Koeln DEX), Process for the preparation of 1-aminonaphthalene-2,4,7-trisulphonic acid and 1-aminonaphthalene-7-sulphonic acid.
Bieringer Thomas (Bindlach DEX) Gessner Uwe (Berlin DEX) Haarer Dietrich (Bayreuth DEX) Rubner Joachim (Berlin DEX) Wuttke Roland (Bayreuth DEX) Claussen Uwe (Leverkusen DEX) Ruhmann Ralf (Berlin DEX, Side-group polymers, and their use for optical components.
Uhlmann Donald R. (Newton MA) Snitzer Elias (Wellesley MA) Hovey Richard J. (Sturbridge MA) Chu Nori Y. C. (Southbridge MA), Stabilized photochromic materials.
Uhlmann Donald R. (Newton MA) Snitzer Elias (Wellesley MA) Hovey Richard J. (Sturbridge MA) Chu Nori Y. C. (Southbridge MA) Fournier ; Jr. Joseph T. (Storrs CT), Stabilized photochromic materials.
Kumar, Anil; Foller, Peter C.; Blackburn, Forrest R.; Shao, Jiping; He, Meng; Kellar, II, Terry A., Polarizing, photochromic devices and methods of making the same.
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