IPC분류정보
| 국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
| 국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
| 출원번호 |
US-0429638
(2006-05-04)
|
| 등록번호 |
US-RE40663
(2009-03-17)
|
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
|
| 출원인 / 주소 |
|
| 대리인 / 주소 |
|
| 인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
8 인용 특허 :
26 |
초록
▼
A dynamic battery array of id="DEL-S-00001" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00001" id="INS-S-00001" date="20090317" discrete id="INS-S-00001" cells, controllably interconnected for instantaneous dynamic configuration into a plurality of individual power buses having different electrical power o
A dynamic battery array of id="DEL-S-00001" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00001" id="INS-S-00001" date="20090317" discrete id="INS-S-00001" cells, controllably interconnected for instantaneous dynamic configuration into a plurality of individual power buses having different electrical power output characteristics, each of which is tailored to supply the electrical power required at the instant by a particular electrical load within a circuit. Preferably the cells are fungible and randomly available so that at any given instant any given cell can be poweringly associated with a particular electrical load. The dynamic battery array, consisting of discrete cells lends itself to mounting on physically flexible substrates such as credit cards. The programmable array employs low resistance switch arrays for dynamically and instantaneously forming individual power networks or power buses between selected power cells and individual electrical loads in electrical circuits. The circuits to which such battery arrays are applied are generally complex circuits in which several different loads occur, each of which has a different power requirement.
대표청구항
▼
What is claimed is: 1. A digital battery comprising: a substrate that is incapable of producing electrical energy; a plurality of discrete id="INS-S-00027" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00027" cells supported in an array by said substrateid="DEL-S-00029" date="20090317" , indivi
What is claimed is: 1. A digital battery comprising: a substrate that is incapable of producing electrical energy; a plurality of discrete id="INS-S-00027" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00027" cells supported in an array by said substrateid="DEL-S-00029" date="20090317" , individual ones of said cells being capable of providing electrical energyid="DEL-S-00029" , said array being electrically interconnected through an electrical interconnection system, said electrical interconnection system being id="DEL-S-00030" date="20090317" changeablyid="DEL-S-00030" id="INS-S-00028" date="20090317" dynamically id="INS-S-00028" configurable responsive to signals from an interconnection controller; an id="DEL-S-00031" date="20090317" electricalid="DEL-S-00031" id="INS-S-00029" date="20090317" electronic id="INS-S-00029" circuit operatively connected to said array, said id="DEL-S-00032" date="20090317" electricalid="DEL-S-00032" id="INS-S-00030" date="20090317" electronic id="INS-S-00030" circuit including at least two id="INS-S-00031" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00031" loads that require different electrical energy conditions, said interconnection controller being adapted to id="INS-S-00032" date="20090317" dynamically id="INS-S-00032" configure said electrical interconnection system so that individual ones of said plurality of discrete id="INS-S-00033" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00033" cells are interconnected to provide each of said two id="INS-S-00034" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00034" loads with the required different electrical energy conditionsid="INS-S-00035" date="20090317" , whereby the electrical energy condition of the electrical energy supplied through said electrical interconnection system is dynamically tailored to the individual requirements of the respective electrical loadsid="INS-S-00035" . 2. A digital battery comprising: a physically flexible substrate that is incapable of producing electrical energy; a plurality of discrete id="INS-S-00036" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00036" cells supported in an array by said substrateid="DEL-S-00033" date="20090317" , individual ones of said cells being capable of providing electrical powerid="DEL-S-00033" , said array being id="INS-S-00037" date="20090317" dynamically and id="INS-S-00037" electrically interconnected through a semiconductor switch array; an electrical circuit operatively connected to said array, said electrical circuit including at least two id="INS-S-00038" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00038" loads that require different instantaneous electrical energy conditions, said semiconductor switch array interconnecting said individual ones of said id="INS-S-00039" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00039" cells to provide id="INS-S-00040" date="20090317" at least id="INS-S-00040" each of said two id="INS-S-00041" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00041" loads with the required different id="INS-S-00042" date="20090317" instantaneous id="INS-S-00042" electrical energy conditionsid="INS-S-00043" date="20090317" , whereby the instantaneous electrical energy condition of the electrical energy is dynamically tailored to the individual requirements of the respective electrical loadsid="INS-S-00043" . 3. A process of forming a digital battery comprising: selecting a substrate that is incapable of producing electrical energy; forming a plurality of discrete id="INS-S-00044" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00044" cells supported in an array by said substrate, id="DEL-S-00034" date="20090317" individual ones of said cells being capable of providing electrical energy,id="DEL-S-00034" said array being id="INS-S-00045" date="20090317" dynamically and id="INS-S-00045" electrically interconnected through an electrical interconnection system; providing an electrical circuit operatively connected to said array, said electrical circuit including at least two id="DEL-S-00035" date="20090317" componentsid="DEL-S-00035" id="INS-S-00046" date="20090317" electrical loads id="INS-S-00046" that require different electrical energy conditions, said electrical interconnection system id="INS-S-00047" date="20090317" being adapted to dynamically id="INS-S-00047" interconnecting id="INS-S-00048" date="20090317" between id="INS-S-00048" said individual ones of said id="INS-S-00049" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00049" cells id="INS-S-00050" date="20090317" and said electrical loads id="INS-S-00050" to provide id="INS-S-00051" date="20090317" at least id="INS-S-00051" each of said two id="DEL-S-00036" date="20090317" componentsid="DEL-S-00036" id="INS-S-00052" date="20090317" electrical loads id="INS-S-00052" with the required different electrical energy conditionsid="INS-S-00053" date="20090317" , whereby the electrical energy condition of the provided electrical energy is dynamically tailored to the individual requirements of the individual electrical loadsid="INS-S-00053" . 4. A complex electronic device including a plurality of id="DEL-S-00037" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00037" id="INS-S-00054" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00054" power cells, said complex electronic device comprising: a plurality of individual id="INS-S-00055" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00055" loads id="INS-S-00056" date="20090317" different ones of which require electrical energy with different parametersid="INS-S-00056" ; a plurality of id="DEL-S-00038" date="20090317" powerid="DEL-S-00038" id="INS-S-00057" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00057" conductive paths conductivelyid="INS-S-00058" date="20090317" , dynamically, id="INS-S-00058" and selectively associatable with each of said id="DEL-S-00039" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00039" id="INS-S-00059" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00059" power cells and each of said individual id="INS-S-00060" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00060" loads; a plurality of semiconductor switches operatively associated with said plurality of id="DEL-S-00040" date="20090317" powerid="DEL-S-00040" id="INS-S-00061" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00061" conductive paths, said semiconductor switches being adapted to substantially dynamically id="DEL-S-00041" date="20090317" selectingid="DEL-S-00041" id="INS-S-00062" date="20090317" select id="INS-S-00062" at least one of said id="DEL-S-00042" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00042" id="INS-S-00063" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00063" power cells to form id="DEL-S-00043" date="20090317" a power selection, and to form said power selection into an individual powerid="DEL-S-00043" id="INS-S-00064" date="20090317" a first instantaneous individual electrical id="INS-S-00064" bus for one of said individual id="INS-S-00065" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00065" loadsid="INS-S-00066" date="20090317" , and to substantially dynamically select at least one of said discrete electricity generating power cells to form at least a second instantaneous individual electrical bus for a second of said individual electrical loads, whereby respective individual electrical loads are dynamically connected through instantaneous individual electrical buses to generally separate sub-sets of said discrete electricity generating power cells to provide such respective individual electrical loads with electrical energy having the parameters required for the operation of such respective individual electrical loads at the momentid="INS-S-00066" . 5. A complex electronic device of claim 4 wherein said id="DEL-S-00044" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00044" id="INS-S-00067" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00067" power cells are selected randomly from said plurality of id="DEL-S-00045" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00045" id="INS-S-00068" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00068" power cells to form said id="DEL-S-00046" date="20090317" power selectionid="DEL-S-00046" id="INS-S-00069" date="20090317" individual electrical busesid="INS-S-00069" . 6. A complex electronic device of claim 4 including a programmable switch array, said programmable switch array including said semiconductor switches. 7. A system comprising: a power array, said power array including a plurality of separate id="INS-S-00070" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00070" power generating cells; an electronic circuit, said electronic circuit including at least first and second id="INS-S-00071" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00071" loads, said first and second id="INS-S-00072" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00072" loads requiring id="INS-S-00073" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00073" power for their operation, the id="INS-S-00074" date="20090317" parameters of the electrical id="INS-S-00074" power required to operate said first id="INS-S-00075" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00075" load being different from the id="INS-S-00076" date="20090317" parameters of the electrical id="INS-S-00076" power required to operate said second id="INS-S-00077" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00077" load; and a programmable switch array between said power array and said electronic circuit, said programmable switch array being adapted to dynamically forming individual id="INS-S-00078" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00078" power buses between id="INS-S-00079" date="20090317" sub-sets of said electrical power generating cells in id="INS-S-00079" said power array and id="DEL-S-00047" date="20090317" each of said first and secondid="DEL-S-00047" id="INS-S-00080" date="20090317" respective ones of said electrical id="INS-S-00080" loads, id="DEL-S-00048" date="20090317" said individual power buses being formed from said separate power generating cells, substantially all ofid="DEL-S-00048" said separate id="INS-S-00081" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00081" power generating cells being substantially instantaneously fungible between said individual id="INS-S-00082" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00082" power busesid="INS-S-00083" date="20090317" , whereby the parameters of the electrical power supplied by said individual electrical power buses are dynamically tailored to the individual requirements of the individual electrical loadsid="INS-S-00083" . 8. A system of claim 7 wherein said programmable switch array includes a plurality of semiconductor switches, said semiconductor switches have an ON resistance of less than approximately id="DEL-S-00049" date="20090317" 0.5id="DEL-S-00049" id="INS-S-00084" date="20090317" 0.01 id="INS-S-00084" ohms. 9. A system of claim 7 wherein said power array includes enough of said separate id="INS-S-00085" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00085" power generating cells to provide a plurality of normally spare separate id="INS-S-00086" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00086" power generating cells. 10. A system of claim 7 wherein id="DEL-S-00050" date="20090317" said electronic circuit includes more than two loads and the power requirements of each of said loads is differentid="DEL-S-00050" id="INS-S-00087" date="20090317" substantially all of said separate electrical power generating cells are substantially instantaneously fungible between said individual electrical power busesid="INS-S-00087" . 11. A system of claim 7 wherein id="INS-S-00088" date="20090317" at least some of id="INS-S-00088" said id="INS-S-00089" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00089" power generating cells are electrochemical cells. 12. A system of claim 7 wherein said system is mounted on a physically flexible substrate. 13. A method of providing instantaneous individual id="INS-S-00090" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00090" power buses for id="INS-S-00091" date="20090317" different electrical id="INS-S-00091" loads in an electronic circuit comprising: selecting a power array including a plurality of id="INS-S-00092" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00092" power cells; selecting a said electronic circuit including a plurality of id="INS-S-00093" date="20090317" said electrical id="INS-S-00093" loads, said loads requiring id="INS-S-00094" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00094" power for their operationid="INS-S-00095" date="20090317" , and at least one of said electrical loads differing from at least one other of said electrical loads in requiring at least one different electrical parameter in the electrical energy required for operation;id="INS-S-00095" dynamically selecting at least a first said id="INS-S-00096" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00096" power cell from said power array, and poweringly associating said first id="INS-S-00097" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00097" power cell with a first of said id="INS-S-00098" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00098" loads to form a first id="INS-S-00099" date="20090317" individual electrical id="INS-S-00099" power bus; and dynamically selecting at least a second said id="INS-S-00100" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00100" power cell from said power array, and poweringly associating said second id="INS-S-00101" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00101" power cell with a second of said id="INS-S-00102" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00102" loads to form a second id="INS-S-00103" date="20090317" individual electrical id="INS-S-00103" power bus, id="DEL-S-00051" date="20090317" all of theid="DEL-S-00051" said id="INS-S-00104" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00104" power cells on said first id="INS-S-00105" date="20090317" individual electrical id="INS-S-00105" power bus being different from the said id="INS-S-00106" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00106" power cells on said second id="INS-S-00107" date="20090317" individual electrical id="INS-S-00107" power bus, said forming of said first and second id="INS-S-00108" date="20090317" individual electrical id="INS-S-00108" power buses including establishing electrical connections using semiconductor switches having an ON resistance of less than approximately 0.5 ohms, and said semiconductor switches being actuated to establish said electrical connections responsive to control signals generated by a programmable switch arrayid="INS-S-00109" date="20090317" , whereby the parameters of the electrical energy supplied by said individual electrical power buses are dynamically tailored to the individual requirements of the individual electrical loadsid="INS-S-00109" . 14. A complex electronic device of claim 13 including a plurality of said semiconductor switches operatively associated with said plurality of individual said id="INS-S-00110" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00110" power buses, said semiconductor switches being adapted to substantially dynamically forming said individual id="INS-S-00111" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00111" power buses from said individual id="INS-S-00112" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00112" power cells and maintaining at least one id="DEL-S-00052" date="20090317" powerid="DEL-S-00052" id="INS-S-00113" date="20090317" electrical energy id="INS-S-00113" characteristic on at least one of said individual power id="DEL-S-00053" date="20090317" bussesid="DEL-S-00053" id="INS-S-00114" date="20090317" buses id="INS-S-00114" at substantially a predetermined value by substantially instantaneously switching individual id="INS-S-00115" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00115" power cells into and out of said one individual id="INS-S-00116" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00116" power bus. 15. An id="DEL-S-00054" date="20090317" electricalid="DEL-S-00054" id="INS-S-00117" date="20090317" electronic id="INS-S-00117" device comprising: a plurality of id="DEL-S-00055" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00055" id="INS-S-00118" date="20090317" discrete id="INS-S-00118" power cells; a plurality of individual id="DEL-S-00056" date="20090317" electricid="DEL-S-00056" id="INS-S-00119" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00119" loads id="INS-S-00120" date="20090317" in a complex electronic circuit, including at least first and second individual electrical loads that require electrical energy with different parameters such that if said first and second individual electrical loads were to both be supplied with electrical energy having the same parameters at least one of said first and second individual electrical loads would require that the parameters of the electrical energy so supplied be adjusted by at least one electrical energy conditioning component to the different parameters required by said at least one individual electrical loadid="INS-S-00120" ; a plurality of semiconductor id="DEL-S-00057" date="20090317" switcherid="DEL-S-00057" id="INS-S-00121" date="20090317" switches id="INS-S-00121" adapted to substantially simultaneously and instantaneously poweringly associating at least a first of said id="DEL-S-00058" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00058" id="INS-S-00122" date="20090317" discrete id="INS-S-00122" power cells with id="DEL-S-00059" date="20090317" aid="DEL-S-00059" id="INS-S-00123" date="20090317" said id="INS-S-00123" first id="DEL-S-00060" date="20090317" of saidid="DEL-S-00060" individual electrical id="DEL-S-00061" date="20090317" loadsid="DEL-S-00061" id="INS-S-00124" date="20090317" load id="INS-S-00124" and at least a second of said id="DEL-S-00062" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00062" id="INS-S-00125" date="20090317" discrete id="INS-S-00125" power cells with id="DEL-S-00063" date="20090317" aid="DEL-S-00063" id="INS-S-00126" date="20090317" said id="INS-S-00126" second id="DEL-S-00064" date="20090317" of saidid="DEL-S-00064" individual electrical id="DEL-S-00065" date="20090317" loadsid="DEL-S-00065" id="INS-S-00127" date="20090317" loadid="INS-S-00127" , at least said first and second id="DEL-S-00066" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00066" id="INS-S-00128" date="20090317" discrete id="INS-S-00128" power cells being substantially fungible between said first and second individual electrical loadsid="INS-S-00129" date="20090317" , whereby said one individual electrical load is provided with electrical energy having the parameters such one individual electrical load requires without using said electrical energy conditioning componentid="INS-S-00129" . 16. An id="DEL-S-00067" date="20090317" electricalid="DEL-S-00067" id="INS-S-00130" date="20090317" electronic id="INS-S-00130" device of claim 15, substantially all of said id="DEL-S-00068" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00068" id="INS-S-00131" date="20090317" discrete id="INS-S-00131" power cells being substantially fungible between substantially all of said individual id="DEL-S-00069" date="20090317" electricid="DEL-S-00069" id="INS-S-00132" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00132" loads. 17. An id="DEL-S-00070" date="20090317" electricalid="DEL-S-00070" id="INS-S-00133" date="20090317" electronic id="INS-S-00133" device of claim 15, said plurality of semiconductor switches being adapted to substantially instantaneously poweringly associating at least two of said id="DEL-S-00071" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00071" id="INS-S-00134" date="20090317" discrete id="INS-S-00134" power cells with id="DEL-S-00072" date="20090317" aid="DEL-S-00072" id="INS-S-00135" date="20090317" said id="INS-S-00135" first id="DEL-S-00073" date="20090317" of saidid="DEL-S-00073" individual electrical id="DEL-S-00074" date="20090317" loadsid="DEL-S-00074" id="INS-S-00136" date="20090317" loadid="INS-S-00136" . 18. A method of powering an id="DEL-S-00075" date="20090317" electricalid="DEL-S-00075" id="INS-S-00137" date="20090317" electronic id="INS-S-00137" device comprising: selecting a plurality of id="DEL-S-00076" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00076" id="INS-S-00138" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00138" power cells; selecting a plurality of individual electrical loads in said id="DEL-S-00077" date="20090317" electricalid="DEL-S-00077" id="INS-S-00139" date="20090317" electronic id="INS-S-00139" deviceid="INS-S-00140" date="20090317" , including at least first and second individual electrical loads that require electrical energy with different parameters such that if said first and second individual electrical loads were to both be supplied with electrical energy having the same parameters at least one of said first and second individual electrical loads would require that the parameters of the electrical energy so supplied be adjusted by using at least one electrical energy conditioning component to form electrical energy having the different parameters required by said at least one individual electrical loadid="INS-S-00140" ; selecting a plurality of actuatable semiconductor switches, said plurality of semiconductor switches being id="INS-S-00141" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00141" power bus formingly associated between said plurality of id="DEL-S-00078" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00078" id="INS-S-00142" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00142" power cells and said plurality of individual electrical loads; actuating said plurality of actuatable semiconductor switches; and allowing at least first and second individual id="INS-S-00143" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00143" power id="DEL-S-00079" date="20090317" bussesid="DEL-S-00079" id="INS-S-00144" date="20090317" buses id="INS-S-00144" to id="DEL-S-00080" date="20090317" substantially instantaneously and simultaneouslyid="DEL-S-00080" id="INS-S-00145" date="20090317" dynamically id="INS-S-00145" form, said first individual id="INS-S-00146" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00146" power bus being between at least a first of said id="DEL-S-00081" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00081" id="INS-S-00147" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00147" power cells and id="DEL-S-00082" date="20090317" aid="DEL-S-00082" id="INS-S-00148" date="20090317" said id="INS-S-00148" first id="DEL-S-00083" date="20090317" of saidid="DEL-S-00083" individual electrical id="DEL-S-00084" date="20090317" loadsid="DEL-S-00084" id="INS-S-00149" date="20090317" loadid="INS-S-00149" , and said second individual id="INS-S-00150" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00150" power bus being between id="DEL-S-00085" date="20090317" asid="DEL-S-00085" id="INS-S-00151" date="20090317" at id="INS-S-00151" least a second of said id="DEL-S-00086" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00086" id="INS-S-00152" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00152" power cells and id="DEL-S-00087" date="20090317" aid="DEL-S-00087" id="INS-S-00153" date="20090317" said id="INS-S-00153" second id="DEL-S-00088" date="20090317" of saidid="DEL-S-00088" individual electrical id="DEL-S-00089" date="20090317" loadsid="DEL-S-00089" id="INS-S-00154" date="20090317" load, whereby said one individual electrical load is provided with electrical energy having said different parameters said one electrical load requires without using said electrical energy conditioning componentid="INS-S-00154" . 19. A method of claim 18 including allowing at least said first individual id="INS-S-00155" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00155" power bus to form between at least two of said id="DEL-S-00090" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00090" id="INS-S-00156" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00156" power cells and said first individual electrical load. 20. A method of claim 18 including allowing id="DEL-S-00091" date="20090317" at least three of said individual power busses toid="DEL-S-00091" id="INS-S-00157" date="20090317" said first and second individual electrical power buses to substantially instantaneously and simultaneously id="INS-S-00157" form. 21. A method of powering an id="DEL-S-00092" date="20090317" electricalid="DEL-S-00092" id="INS-S-00158" date="20090317" electronic id="INS-S-00158" device comprising: selecting a plurality of id="DEL-S-00093" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00093" id="INS-S-00159" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00159" power cells; selecting a plurality of individual electrical loads in said id="DEL-S-00094" date="20090317" electricalid="DEL-S-00094" id="INS-S-00160" date="20090317" electronic id="INS-S-00160" device; selecting a plurality of actuatable semiconductor switches, said plurality of semiconductor switches being dynamically id="INS-S-00161" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00161" power bus formingly associated between said plurality of id="DEL-S-00095" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00095" id="INS-S-00162" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00162" power cells and said plurality of individual electrical loads; actuating said plurality of actuatable semiconductor switches; allowing at least first and second individual id="INS-S-00163" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00163" power id="DEL-S-00096" date="20090317" bussesid="DEL-S-00096" id="INS-S-00164" date="20090317" buses id="INS-S-00164" to dynamically and substantially instantaneously and simultaneously form, said first individual id="INS-S-00165" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00165" power bus being between at least a first and second of said id="DEL-S-00097" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00097" id="INS-S-00166" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00166" power cells and a first of said individual electrical loads, and said second individual id="INS-S-00167" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00167" power bus being between at least a third one of said id="DEL-S-00098" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00098" id="INS-S-00168" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00168" power cells and a second of said individual electrical loads, said first individual id="INS-S-00169" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00169" power bus having first instantaneous id="INS-S-00170" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00170" energy characteristics and said second id="INS-S-00171" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00171" power bus having second instantaneous id="INS-S-00172" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00172" energy characteristics, said first and second instantaneous id="INS-S-00173" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00173" energy characteristics being different from one another id="INS-S-00174" date="20090317" at least as to voltageid="INS-S-00174" ; and establishing said first and second instantaneous id="INS-S-00175" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00175" energy characteristics id="DEL-S-00099" date="20090317" at desired valuesid="DEL-S-00099" by dynamically adding and removing said id="DEL-S-00100" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00100" id="INS-S-00176" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00176" power cells to said first and second individual id="INS-S-00177" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00177" power id="DEL-S-00101" date="20090317" bussesid="DEL-S-00101" id="INS-S-00178" date="20090317" busesid="INS-S-00178" . 22. An electrical device comprising: a substrate, said substrate being populated by a plurality of discrete id="INS-S-00179" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00179" power cells, id="DEL-S-00102" date="20090317" andid="DEL-S-00102" id="INS-S-00180" date="20090317" said id="INS-S-00180" discrete id="INS-S-00181" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00181" power cells being distributed about and integrated with said substrate; a plurality of electrical modules id="DEL-S-00103" date="20090317" mounted onid="DEL-S-00103" id="INS-S-00182" date="20090317" supported by id="INS-S-00182" and distributed about said substrateid="INS-S-00183" date="20090317" , said electrical modules requiring electrical energy for their operationid="INS-S-00183" , the id="INS-S-00184" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00184" energy requirements for the operation of at least a first of such electrical modules being different from the id="INS-S-00185" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00185" energy requirements for the operation of a second of said modules id="INS-S-00186" date="20090317" at least as to voltageid="INS-S-00186" ; a switch array adapted to substantially instantaneously id="INS-S-00187" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00187" poweringly associating at least a first of said discrete id="INS-S-00188" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00188" power cells with said first electrical module and at least a second of said discrete id="INS-S-00189" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00189" power cells with said second electrical module, said switch array being adapted to dynamically id="INS-S-00190" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00190" re-poweringly associating said discrete id="INS-S-00191" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00191" power cells with said electrical modules responsive to at least changes in said id="INS-S-00192" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00192" energy requirements. 23. An electrical device of claim 22 wherein a sub-group of said discrete id="INS-S-00193" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00193" power cells is physically positioned next to a sub-group of said electrical modules id="DEL-S-00104" date="20090317" on said substrateid="DEL-S-00104" , and said switch array is adapted to preferentially id="INS-S-00194" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00194" poweringly associating said sub-group of discrete id="INS-S-00195" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00195" power cells with said-sub-group of electrical modules. 24. An electrical device of claim 22 wherein said substrate includes at least first and second physical areas, at least first and second id="INS-S-00196" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00196" power cell sub-groups, and at least first and second electrical module sub-groups, each of said first and second id="INS-S-00197" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00197" power cell sub-groups being composed of at least two of said discrete id="INS-S-00198" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00198" power cells, each of said first and second electrical module sub-groups being composed of at least one of said electrical modules, and first id="INS-S-00199" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00199" power cell sub-group and said first electrical module sub-group being physically located in said first physical area of said substrate, and said switch array being adapted to preferentially id="INS-S-00200" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00200" poweringly associating said first id="INS-S-00201" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00201" power cell sub-group with said first electrical module sub-group. 25. A method of id="INS-S-00202" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00202" powering an electrical device comprising: selecting a plurality of id="DEL-S-00105" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00105" id="INS-S-00203" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00203" power cells, said id="INS-S-00204" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00204" power cells being id="DEL-S-00106" date="20090317" integral withid="DEL-S-00106" id="INS-S-00205" date="20090317" supported by id="INS-S-00205" a substrate; selecting a plurality of individual electrical loads in said electrical device, said individual electrical loads resulting from the operation of electrical components id="DEL-S-00107" date="20090317" mounted onid="DEL-S-00107" id="INS-S-00206" date="20090317" supported by id="INS-S-00206" said substrate; selecting a plurality of actuatable semiconductor switches, said actuatable semiconductor switches having ON resistances of less than about 0.5 ohms, said plurality of semiconductor switches being dynamically id="INS-S-00207" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00207" power bus formingly associated between said plurality of id="DEL-S-00108" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00108" id="INS-S-00208" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00208" power cells and id="INS-S-00209" date="20090317" said id="INS-S-00209" plurality of individual electrical loads; actuating said plurality of actuatable semiconductor switches; allowing at least first and second individual id="INS-S-00210" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00210" power id="DEL-S-00109" date="20090317" bussesid="DEL-S-00109" id="INS-S-00211" date="20090317" buses id="INS-S-00211" to dynamically and substantially instantaneously form, said id="DEL-S-00110" date="20090317" firstsid="DEL-S-00110" id="INS-S-00212" date="20090317" first id="INS-S-00212" individual id="INS-S-00213" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00213" power bus being between at least a first and second of said id="DEL-S-00111" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00111" id="INS-S-00214" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00214" power cells and a first of said individual electrical loads, and said second individual id="INS-S-00215" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00215" power bus being between at least a third id="INS-S-00216" date="20090317" one id="INS-S-00216" of said id="DEL-S-00112" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00112" id="INS-S-00217" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00217" power cells and a second of said individual electrical loads, said first individual id="INS-S-00218" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00218" power bus having first instantaneous id="INS-S-00219" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00219" energy characteristics, and said second id="INS-S-00220" date="20090317" individual electrical id="INS-S-00220" power bus having second instantaneous id="INS-S-00221" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00221" energy characteristics, said first and second instantaneous id="INS-S-00222" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00222" energy characteristics being different from one another and changing over time; and establishing said first and second instantaneous id="INS-S-00223" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00223" energy characteristics at desired values by dynamically adding and removing said id="DEL-S-00113" date="20090317" individualid="DEL-S-00113" id="INS-S-00224" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00224" power cells from time to time to said first and second individual id="INS-S-00225" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00225" power id="DEL-S-00114" date="20090317" bussesid="DEL-S-00114" id="INS-S-00226" date="20090317" busesid="INS-S-00226" . 26. A method of claim 25 wherein said plurality of actuatable semiconductor switches includes semiconductor switches ganged in parallel to reduce the total ON resistance of said included semiconductor switches to less than about 0.5 ohms. 27. An electrical device of claim 26 wherein said first and second discrete id="INS-S-00227" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00227" power cells and said first and second electrical modules are completely embedded within said substrate between id="DEL-S-00115" date="20090317" saidid="DEL-S-00115" opposed external surfaces id="INS-S-00228" date="20090317" of said substrateid="INS-S-00228" . 28. An electrical device of claim 26 wherein substantially all of said discrete id="INS-S-00229" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00229" power cells and electrical modules are completely embedded within said substrate between id="DEL-S-00116" date="20090317" saidid="DEL-S-00116" opposed external surfaces id="INS-S-00230" date="20090317" of said substrateid="INS-S-00230" . 29. An electrical device comprising: a substrate, said substrate having a thickness between opposed external surfaces and being populated by a plurality of id="DEL-S-00117" date="20090317" Discreteid="DEL-S-00117" id="INS-S-00231" date="20090317" discrete electricity generating id="INS-S-00231" power cells, said discrete id="INS-S-00232" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00232" power cells being distributed about and id="DEL-S-00118" date="20090317" integrated withid="DEL-S-00118" id="INS-S-00233" date="20090317" supported by id="INS-S-00233" said substrate, and at least some of such discrete id="INS-S-00234" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00234" power cells being at id="DEL-S-00119" date="20090317" lestid="DEL-S-00119" id="INS-S-00235" date="20090317" least id="INS-S-00235" partially embedded within said substrate between said opposed id="DEL-S-00120" date="20090317" exrernalid="DEL-S-00120" id="INS-S-00236" date="20090317" external id="INS-S-00236" surfaces; a plurality of electrical modules id="DEL-S-00121" date="20090317" mounted onid="DEL-S-00121" id="INS-S-00237" date="20090317" supported by id="INS-S-00237" and distributed about said substrate, at least some of said electrical modules being at least partially embedded within said substrate between said opposed external surfaces, said electrical modules having id="INS-S-00238" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00238" energy requirements for their operation, and the id="INS-S-00239" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00239" energy requirements for operating a first of said electrical modules being different from the id="INS-S-00240" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00240" energy requirements for operating a second of said electrical modules; a switch array adapted to substantially instantaneously id="INS-S-00241" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00241" poweringly associating at least a first of said discrete id="INS-S-00242" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00242" power cells with said first electrical module and at least a second of said discrete id="INS-S-00243" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00243" power cells with said second electrical module, said switch array being adapted to dynamically id="INS-S-00244" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00244" re-poweringly associating said discrete id="INS-S-00245" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00245" power cells with said electrical modules responsive to changes in said id="INS-S-00246" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00246" energy requirements or said discrete id="INS-S-00247" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00247" power cells. 30. An electrical device comprising: a substrate, said substrate being physically flexible and being populated by a plurality of discrete id="INS-S-00248" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00248" power cells, said discrete id="INS-S-00249" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00249" power cells being capable of generating id="INS-S-00250" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00250" energy and being distributed about and id="DEL-S-00122" date="20090317" integrated withid="DEL-S-00122" id="INS-S-00251" date="20090317" supported by id="INS-S-00251" said substrate, said substrate having at least first and second areas, said first area comprising at least about 8 such discrete id="INS-S-00252" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00252" power cells per square inch; a plurality of electrical modules id="DEL-S-00123" date="20090317" mounted onid="DEL-S-00123" id="INS-S-00253" date="20090317" supported by id="INS-S-00253" and distributed about said substrate, said electrical modules having id="INS-S-00254" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00254" energy requirements for their operation, and the id="INS-S-00255" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00255" energy requirements for operating a first of said electrical modules being different from the id="INS-S-00256" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00256" energy requirements for operating a second of said electrical modules; a switch array adapted to substantially instantaneously id="INS-S-00257" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00257" poweringly associating at least a first of said discrete id="INS-S-00258" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00258" power cells with said first electrical module and at least a second of said discrete id="INS-S-00259" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00259" power cells with said second electrical module, said switch array being adapted to dynamically re-poweringly associating said discrete id="INS-S-00260" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00260" power cells with said electrical modules responsive to changes in said id="INS-S-00261" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00261" energy requirements or in the id="INS-S-00262" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00262" energy id="DEL-S-00124" date="20090317" generation ofid="DEL-S-00124" id="INS-S-00263" date="20090317" generated by id="INS-S-00263" said discrete id="INS-S-00264" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00264" power cells. 31. An electrical device of claim 30 wherein at least some of said discrete id="INS-S-00265" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00265" power cells and electrical modules are located substantially between opposed external surfaces of said substrate. 32. An electrical device of claim 30 wherein said substrate has an unbent length and said substrate is adapted to being repeatedly bent to a height such that the ratio of the height of the bent substrate to the unbent length is approximately 0.2 without substantially impairing the integrity or connectivity of said discrete id="INS-S-00266" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00266" power cells. 33. An electrical device comprising: a substrate comprising at least a first area, said substrate being populated by a plurality of discrete id="INS-S-00267" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00267" power cells, said discrete id="INS-S-00268" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00268" power cells being distributed about and integrated with said substrate, and said first area having at least about 8 of said discrete id="INS-S-00269" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00269" power cells per square inch; a plurality of electrical modules id="DEL-S-00125" date="20090317" mounted onid="DEL-S-00125" id="INS-S-00270" date="20090317" supported by id="INS-S-00270" and distributed about said substrate, the id="INS-S-00271" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00271" energy requirements for the operation of at least a first of such electrical modules being different from the id="INS-S-00272" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00272" energy requirements for the operation of a second of said modules; a switch array adapted to substantially instantaneously id="INS-S-00273" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00273" poweringly associating at least first of said discrete id="INS-S-00274" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00274" power cells with said first electrical module at least a second of said discrete id="INS-S-00275" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00275" power cells with said second electrical module, said switch array being adapted to dynamically id="INS-S-00276" date="20090317" electrically id="INS-S-00276" re-poweringly associating said discrete id="INS-S-00277" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00277" power cells with said electrical modules responsive to at least changes in said id="INS-S-00278" date="20090317" electrical id="INS-S-00278" energy requirements. 34. An electrical device of claim 33 wherein said discrete id="INS-S-00279" date="20090317" electricity generating id="INS-S-00279" power cells are electrochemical cells and the components of at least some of said electrochemical cells are under pressure.
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