An umbrella has a shaft anchorable in or on the ground or in the air by an anchor and defining an axis and a canopy movable between an unfolded open position in which it is wavy and a folded position inclined to the axis, made of a preferably nonstretching membrane or fabric, formed of a whole numbe
An umbrella has a shaft anchorable in or on the ground or in the air by an anchor and defining an axis and a canopy movable between an unfolded open position in which it is wavy and a folded position inclined to the axis, made of a preferably nonstretching membrane or fabric, formed of a whole number of polygonal sections with outer corners defining alternating high points and low points, traversed at a center by the shaft, centrally axially slidable along the shaft or centrally fixed on the shaft, and having an outer edge. An array of rods extending radially from and pivoted on the shaft extend in the open unfolded position from the shaft to the corners. These rods are wholly above the canopy and do not pass through the canopy.
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The invention claimed is: 1. An umbrella comprising: a shaft anchorable in or on the ground or in the air by an anchor and defining an axis, a canopy movable between an unfolded open position in which it is wavy and a folded position inclined to the axis, made of a preferably nonstretching membrane
The invention claimed is: 1. An umbrella comprising: a shaft anchorable in or on the ground or in the air by an anchor and defining an axis, a canopy movable between an unfolded open position in which it is wavy and a folded position inclined to the axis, made of a preferably nonstretching membrane or fabric, formed of a whole number of polygonal sections with outer corners defining alternating high points and low points, traversed at a center by the shaft, centrally axially slidable along the shaft or centrally fixed on the shaft, and having an outer edge, and an array of rods extending radially from and pivoted on the shaft and extending in the open unfolded position from the shaft to the corners, the rods being wholly above the canopy and not passing through the canopy. 2. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the canopy has an even number 2n of high points and low points so it has n high points and n low points that alternate at the edge of the canopy in the open position and that impart to the canopy a wavy shape, the high points tensioning the canopy up and out and the low points tensioning the canopy down and out. 3. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the canopy has a predetermined number n of low points, the canopy being drawn up to and geometrically intersecting the umbrella axis at a center so as to set a conical shape in the canopy. 4. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the canopy has a predetermined number n of edge rods, the edge rods being secured at spaced locations or along their entire length with the respective canopy edge and being alternately inclined to impart a wavy shape to the canopy. 5. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the canopy is tensioned by a preferably elastic annularly closed canopy-edge bow, the edge bow being secured at spaced locations or along its entire length with the canopy edge and being oppositely inclined to impart a wavy shape to the canopy. 6. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the canopy is secured at the center to the shaft or to a runner sleeve slidable on the shaft. 7. The umbrella according to claim 6 wherein, when the canopy is attached to the runner sleeve, in the open position the center of the canopy is shiftable along the shaft, the canopy being sealed at the center to the shaft by the runner sleeve. 8. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the canopy is so cut out or constructed at the center that it lightly touches or freely surrounds the shaft and is shiftable at the center along the shaft. 9. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the rods include upper rods and lower rods and in the open position of the umbrella, longitudinal axes of the upper rods intersect the umbrella axis at an upper common point and longitudinal axes of the lower rods intersect the umbrella axis at a lower common point below the upper common point. 10. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein in the open position of the umbrella some or all of the rods are tensioned upward into positions necessary for the open position by respective cables extending between outer ends and the shaft. 11. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein in the open position of the umbrella some or all of the rods are tensioned upward into positions necessary for the open position by diagonal spreaders that extend under tension or compression and are preferably pivoted between the rods and the shaft. 12. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein in the open position of the umbrella some or all of the rods are tensioned downward into positions necessary for the open position by diagonal spreaders that extend under tension or compression and are pivoted between the rods and the shaft. 13. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the umbrella is opened by an opening and closing mechanism having a sleeve or shiftable telescoping shaft tip on which all the rods are pivoted, and that can move downward along the umbrella axis so that all the rods and the canopy mounted on these rods are pushed or pulled by cables and/or diagonal spreaders into positions necessary for the open position until the canopy is fully tensioned and the entire system assumes a stable position as a result of limits established by the static properties and geometry of the canopy, the canopy edge, the edge rods, the edge bow, or the edge cables or by the cables or diagonal spreaders. 14. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the sum of the lengths a of the rods measured from the shaft where they engage the respective diagonal spreaders and the lengths d of the diagonal spreaders is the same for all arms, where a+d=constant so that in particular umbrellas with upper rods and lower rods can be completely folded together. 15. The umbrella according to claim 1 wherein the umbrella is closed by an opening and closing mechanism where all the rods and the canopy are secured at the center to a common sleeve so that lifting of the sleeve raises the center and the canopy assumes a closed position folded together at the center. 16. An openable and closable umbrella for protection against sun and rain, the umbrella comprising: a shaft anchorable in or on the ground or in the air by an anchor and defining an upright axis; a canopy movable between an open unfolded position in which it is wavy and a folded closed condition inclined to the axis, made of a preferably nonstretching membrane or fabric, formed of a whole number of polygonal sections with corners defining alternating high points and low points, centrally traversed by the shaft, centrally axially slidable along or fixed on the shaft, and having an outer edge, the canopy being oriented such that in the open position water falling on it flows to the outer edge, the canopy forming between two adjacent sections an open gap; a cable extending from corner to corner across the gap; and an array of rods extending radially from and pivoted on the shaft and extending in the open position from the shaft to the corners of the sections, the rods being wholly above the canopy and not passing through the canopy. 17. An openable and closable umbrella for protection against sun and rain, the umbrella comprising: a shaft supported from above and defining an upright axis; a canopy movable between an open unfolded position in which it is wavy and a folded closed condition inclined to the axis, having a closed center below a lower end of the shaft, made of a preferably nonstretching membrane or fabric, formed of a whole number of polygonal sections with corners defining alternating high points and low points, centrally traversed by the shaft, centrally axially slidable along or fixed on the shaft, and having an outer edge, the canopy being oriented such that in the open position water falling on it flows to the outer edge; and an array of rods extending radially from and pivoted on the shaft and extending in the open position from the shaft to the corners of the sections, the rods being wholly above the canopy and not passing through the canopy.
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