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A method and a damping device are proposed for damping a torsional oscillation in a rotating drive train. Arranged on the drive train is an electrical machine (13), which is connected to an electrical multipole (31). A damping torque is generated in the electrical machine (13) by an electrical dampi

A method and a damping device are proposed for damping a torsional oscillation in a rotating drive train. Arranged on the drive train is an electrical machine (13), which is connected to an electrical multipole (31). A damping torque is generated in the electrical machine (13) by an electrical damping member connected to the electrical machine (13). It is proposed that the damping torque has a predetermined damping frequency and is antiphase to the angular velocity of the torsional oscillation.

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The invention claimed is: 1. A method for damping a torsional oscillation in a rotating drive train having at least one electrical machine, comprising the step of applying a damping torque with the electrical machine to the drive train, wherein the damping torque is applied at a predetermined dampi

The invention claimed is: 1. A method for damping a torsional oscillation in a rotating drive train having at least one electrical machine, comprising the step of applying a damping torque with the electrical machine to the drive train, wherein the damping torque is applied at a predetermined damping frequency and antiphase to an angular velocity of the torsional oscillation. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined damping frequency essentially corresponds to a resonant frequency of the drive train. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the torsional oscillation of the drive train without the damping torque applied has a quality factor of more than 500. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the quality factor with the damping torque applied lies below 200. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: determining at least one control variable, which represents a torsional loading at at least one site in the drive train, and controlling the damping torque depending on the control variable in a control circuit. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the control variable is determined from a measurement signal from one or more sensors. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the sensors are at least one of azimuthally and axially spaced from one another in relation to the drive train. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein at least one of the sensors is a magnetostrictive sensor, a strain gauge or a sensor for angular velocity measurement. 9. The method according to claim 5, wherein a feedback variable is derived from the control variable, in that the control variable is filtered, phase-shifted and inverted, the overall phase shift in the control circuit substantially amounting to 90°, the feedback variable representing the angular velocity produced by the torsional oscillation at the resonant frequency. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein for applying the damping torque, energy is temporarily stored in a direct current circuit with a direct current component and an alternating current component, the temporarily stored energy being taken from an alternating current circuit to which the electrical machine is connected. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the energy is temporarily stored with at least one coil in the direct current circuit. 12. The method according to claim 10 wherein the energy is temporarily stored with at least one capacitor in the direct current circuit. 13. The method according to claim 10, further comprising the following steps: providing a target value for current control or voltage control of the direct current circuit from the direct current component and the alternating current component, the alternating current component representing the feedback variable and having a frequency which substantially corresponds to the resonant frequency, and controlling the direct current circuit with the target value via a current converter connected to the alternating current circuit, effective power being brought about in the electrical machine via the alternating current circuit. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the damping power is adjusted via the size of the direct current component, the size of the alternating current component or both. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein a maximum of 5% of the power converted by the electrical machine is used via the current converter for damping the torsional oscillation. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the overall mass of the rotating components of the drive train is more than 20 tons. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the torsional oscillation of at least one further drive train which has at least one further electrical machine is damped, wherein the drive trains having different resonant frequencies. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical machine is a synchronous machine. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein current flows in the direct current circuit only on occurrence of the torsional oscillation in the drive train. 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of torsional oscillations with different frequencies of the rotating drive train are damped, the damping torque containing damping frequency components with predetermined damping frequencies and the damping frequency components being each antiphase to the angular velocity of the corresponding torsional oscillation. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the predetermined damping frequencies substantially correspond to resonant frequencies of the drive train. 22. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the following steps: determining a plurality of control variables providing a plurality of feedback variables from the control variables for the torsional oscillations, each feed back variable having a frequency that is substantially equal to the frequency of the corresponding torsional oscillations, providing the target value for current control or voltage control of the direct current circuit from the direct current component and the alternating current component, the alternating current component representing the sum of the feed back variables, and controlling the direct current circuit with the target value via the current converter connected to the alternating current circuit, effective power being brought about in the electrical machine via the alternating current circuit.