초록 ▼

Methods for the production of hydrogen comprise heating a hydrogen-bearing feed material capable of undergoing a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogen donor material, a catalyst promoting catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and a base at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 450°

Methods for the production of hydrogen comprise heating a hydrogen-bearing feed material capable of undergoing a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogen donor material, a catalyst promoting catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and a base at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 450° C. for a time sufficient to hydrogenate the feed material and to dehydrogenate the hydrogenated feed material to produce hydrogen and carbon, and collecting the resulting hydrogen.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A method for the production of hydrogen, comprising heating a hydrogen-bearing biomass feed material capable of undergoing a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogen donor material, a catalyst promoting catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and a base at a temperature

What is claimed is: 1. A method for the production of hydrogen, comprising heating a hydrogen-bearing biomass feed material capable of undergoing a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogen donor material, a catalyst promoting catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and a base at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 450° C. for a time sufficient to hydrogenate the feed material and to dehydrogenate the hydrogenated feed material and produce hydrogen and carbon, and collecting the resulting hydrogen. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen donor material comprises C8-C22 hydrocarbon, crude oil, waste oil, plastic, rubber, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon, alcohol, or fatty acid, a catalytic form of carbon, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the feed material is heated in the presence of a C8-C22 hydrocarbon, the catalyst promoting catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and sodium hydroxide at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 450° C. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the base comprises an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the base comprises sodium hydroxide in solid or aqueous form. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sodium hydroxide is added to the feed material in an aqueous form. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the feed material is heated at a temperature of from about 150 ° C. to about 350° C. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the feed material is heated at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 450° C. for about 1 to about 4 hours. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the feed material is stirred while being heated. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising collecting the resulting carbon. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the resulting carbon comprises amorphous graphite. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein products of the heating comprise hydrogen, carbon residue, hydrogen donor, catalyst, base, and water. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the products further comprise base salts. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the products are substantially free of greenhouse oxides. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising a pretreatment step in which the hydrogen-bearing feed material is pretreated with an aqueous solution of base and catalyst, prior to combination with the hydrogen donor material. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen production is conducted in a reaction vessel having a nitrogen-containing head space. 18. A method for the production of hydrogen, comprising heating a hydrogen-bearing feed material capable of undergoing a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogen donor material, a catalyst promoting catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and a base at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 450° C. for a time sufficient to hydrogenate the feed material and to dehydrogenate the hydrogenated feed material and produce hydrogen and carbon, and collecting the resulting hydrogen, wherein the feed material comprises a biomass comprising forestry products or by products, crop residue, animal waste, municipal waste, cellulosic refuse, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the biomass feed material is heated at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 350° C. for about 1 to about 4 hours. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the catalyst comprises a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon, alcohol, or fatty acid, a catalytic form of carbon, or a mixture of two or more thereof.