초록 ▼

A thermally diluted exothermic reactor system is comprised of numerous orifices distributed within a combustor by distributed perforated contactor tubes or ducts. The perforated contactors deliver and mix diluent fluid and one or more reactant fluids with an oxidant fluid. Numerous micro-jets about

A thermally diluted exothermic reactor system is comprised of numerous orifices distributed within a combustor by distributed perforated contactor tubes or ducts. The perforated contactors deliver and mix diluent fluid and one or more reactant fluids with an oxidant fluid. Numerous micro-jets about the perforated tubes deliver, mix and control the composition of reactant fluid, oxidant fluid and diluent fluid. The reactor controls one or more of composition profiles, composition ratio profiles and temperature profiles in one or more of the axial direction and one or two transverse directions, reduces temperature gradients and improves power, efficiency and emissions.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A method of reacting reactants in the presence of diluent, the method comprising: configuring a reactor comprising a reaction chamber with an outlet; the reaction chamber having a streamwise curvilinear primary flow direction and a first and a second transverse directions mut

What is claimed is: 1. A method of reacting reactants in the presence of diluent, the method comprising: configuring a reactor comprising a reaction chamber with an outlet; the reaction chamber having a streamwise curvilinear primary flow direction and a first and a second transverse directions mutually distinct and transverse to the primary flow direction, the first and second transverse directions defining a surface through a reaction chamber location; configuring a reactant delivery system and delivering a reactant fluid comprising reactant to the reaction chamber; configuring a co-reactant delivery system and delivering a co-reactant fluid comprising an oxidizing co-reactant to the reaction chamber; controlling a spatial delivery distribution of the reactant fluid into the reaction chamber, wherein controlling a spatial transverse reactant distribution in the surface along the first transverse direction; configuring a diluent delivery system and delivering a diluent fluid comprising diluent into one of reactant fluid, co-reactant fluid, and product fluid, upstream of the reactor outlet; controlling a spatial distribution of the diluent fluid comprising diluent upstream of the reactor outlet, wherein controlling a spatial transverse diluent distribution in the surface along the first transverse direction; reacting reactant with co-reactant to form a reaction product, and mixing diluent with at least one of reactant, co-reactant and reaction product upstream of the reactor outlet, and delivering to the reactor outlet a product fluid comprising reaction product, diluent and a residual component comprising one of reactant and co-reactant; and wherein controlling the spatial distribution of each of the reactant fluid and the diluent fluid in the first transverse directions controls a spatial transverse distribution of one of the composition, temperature, pressure, and streamwise velocity of the product fluid, at a plurality of outlet locations along an outlet transverse direction through an outlet location near the reactor outlet, to one of: greater than a plurality of prescribed lower limits, and less than a plurality of prescribed upper limits at the respective outlet locations. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the diluent fluid comprises at least one of fluid water and carbon dioxide. 3. The method of claim 1 further including controlling the mean outlet temperature of the product fluid exiting the reactor by controlling the amount of diluent delivered through the diluent delivery system to control the total enthalpy change relative to the heat of reaction and the fluid delivery temperatures. 4. The method of claim 1 further including acoustically modulating the delivery of at least one of the delivered fluids thereby acoustically modulating the reacting fluid within the reaction chamber with a frequency greater than 10 Hz. 5. The method of claim 4 further including modulating the delivery of one of liquid fluid to at least 100 Hz, wherein reducing fluid pressure oscillation within the reaction chamber. 6. The method of claim 1 further including electrically exciting at least a portion of the reaction product within the reaction chamber. 7. The method of claim 6 further including modulating the reaction product to at least 2 kHz. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the diluent delivered by the diluent delivery system comprises one of liquid diluent and liquid water, and is delivered as a liquid into the reactor; wherein controlling the liquid spatial distribution to be non-uniform at a plurality of locations on the surface, the plurality of locations being taken along the first transverse direction. 9. The method of claim 1 further including delivering liquid and vapor diluent to the reactor and wherein at least a portion of the liquid diluent is delivered to the reaction chamber streamwise downstream of the vapor diluent delivery. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the reactant delivery system and the diluent delivery system are configured to form interspersed reactable and non-reactable regions and further comprising providing a traversing region of reactable fluid traversing at least one of the non-reactable regions from one reactable region to another. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the co-reactant comprises oxygen containing fluid, the reactant comprises a combustible fuel, and the diluent comprises at least one of a vaporizable liquid, and liquid water. 12. The method of claim 2 further including combusting the reactant with the co-reactant within the reaction chamber. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the diluent is delivered streamwise downstream of a rapid reaction front. 14. The method of claim 1 further including controlling the evaporation of a vaporizable portion of diluent by controlling a streamwise primary flow direction velocity distribution of the diluent as delivered from the diluent delivery system evaluated along a first transverse direction. 15. The method of claim 1 further including controlling the streamwise evaporation distance of the diluent in the reaction chamber with respect to one of the transverse directions. 16. The method of claim 1 further including providing at least a portion of the reaction chamber with coolant passages, cooling at least a portion of the reaction chamber with diluent, and delivering at least a portion of the heated diluent to the reaction chamber. 17. The method of claim 1 further including controlling the temperature of the product fluid exiting the reactor by controlling the total diluent enthalpy change comprising vaporizable diluent being delivered to the reactor. 18. The method of claim 1 further comprising controlling the delivery of diluent fluid and reactant fluid to the reactor to control the pressure within the reactor to within at least one specified safe operating bound of the co-reactant fluid delivery system. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising controlling the spatial transverse distribution of the product fluid temperature at a plurality of outlet locations along an outlet transverse direction through an outlet location near the reactor outlet, to greater than a plurality of prescribed lower limits, and less than a plurality of prescribed upper limits at the respective outlet locations. 20. The control method of claim 1, wherein controlling one of the reactant and diluent transverse spatial distributions to be non-uniform at a plurality of locations on the surface, the spatial distribution being taken along the first transverse direction. 21. A method of reacting a reactant with a co-reactant and mixing a diluent with at least one of the reactant, the co-reactants, and a reaction product to form a product fluid; the method comprising: configuring a pressurized reactor comprising an upstream diffuser and a downstream reaction chamber in fluid communication, with a streamwise primary flow direction from a reactor inlet to outlet, and with a first and a second transverse directions mutually-distinct and transverse to the primary flow direction; delivering a reactant fluid comprising the reactant with a spatial reactant distribution into the reaction chamber through a reactant delivery system; delivering a co-reactant fluid comprising the co-reactant into the primary upstream reaction chamber inlet with a spatial co-reactant distribution; the delivery comprising diffusing the co-reactant fluid into the reaction chamber through a plurality of co-reactant diffuser passages through a co-reactant delivery system; delivering a diluent fluid comprising the diluent with a spatial diluent distribution, upstream of the reactor outlet through a diluent delivery system; wherein controlling one of the spatial distribution of the co-reactant fluid and of the diluent fluid, the distribution being taken along the first transverse direction through a reactor location along the primary flow in one of the diffuser and the reaction chamber; and wherein controlling the transverse distribution of one of the composition, temperature, pressure, and velocity of the reaction product, to a prescribed spatial distribution, the transverse distribution being taken along the first transverse direction through a control location near the outlet of the reactor. 22. The method of claim 21 further including modulating the spatial delivery of the reactant fluid into the reaction chamber a frequency greater than 10 Hz, thereby reducing fluid pressure oscillation within the reaction chamber. 23. The method of claim 21 further including modulating the spatial delivery of the diluent fluid into the reactor at a frequency greater than 10 Hz, thereby reducing fluid pressure oscillation within the reaction chamber. 24. The method of claim 21 further including configuring a diffuser and diffusing the co-reactant into the reaction chamber and delivering a portion of the diluent as one of diluent vapor and steam, near the diffuser outlet. 25. The method of claim 21 further including configuring a diffuser, diffusing the co-reactant into the reaction chamber and delivering a portion of the diluent as liquid near the diffuser outlet. 26. The method of claim 21 further including configuring a high voltage power supply for at least one of the reactant delivery system or the diluent delivery system and generating a high voltage electric field within the reaction chamber. 27. The method of claim 26 further including modulating the high voltage electric fields. 28. The method of claim 21 further comprising controlling the spatial distributions of the delivery of diluent fluid and of reactant fluid to the reaction chamber wherein controlling the spatial distribution of pressure within the reactor in at least one of the transverse directions to within the at least one specified safe operating bound, and controlling the distribution of temperature of the product fluid in at least one of the transverse directions. 29. The reaction method of claim 21 wherein controlling one of the transverse reactant distribution and the transverse diluent distributions to be non-uniform, the spatial distribution being taken along the first transverse direction. 30. The method of claim 21 wherein at least a portion of the diluent delivered by the diluent delivery system comprises one of liquid diluent, and is delivered as a liquid into the reactor; wherein controlling the liquid spatial distribution to be non-uniform at a plurality of locations on the surface, the plurality of locations being taken along the first transverse direction.