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Advanced wicking structures and methods utilizing these structures are described. The use of advanced wicking structures can promote rapid mass transfer while maintaining high capillary pressure through the use of small pores. Particularly improved results in fluid contacting processes can be achiev

Advanced wicking structures and methods utilizing these structures are described. The use of advanced wicking structures can promote rapid mass transfer while maintaining high capillary pressure through the use of small pores. Particularly improved results in fluid contacting processes can be achieved by enhanced mixing within a wicking layer within a microchannel.

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The invention claimed is: 1. Apparatus for contacting fluids, comprising: a fluid inlet; a channel connected to the fluid inlet; the channel comprising an open channel connected to the fluid inlet, and a wick; a mixer adapted to enhance fluid mixing within the wick; and a liquid outlet; wherein th

The invention claimed is: 1. Apparatus for contacting fluids, comprising: a fluid inlet; a channel connected to the fluid inlet; the channel comprising an open channel connected to the fluid inlet, and a wick; a mixer adapted to enhance fluid mixing within the wick; and a liquid outlet; wherein the liquid outlet or a liquid channel is connected to the wick. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising: a laminated device comprising at least 2 essentially planar layers that each comprise: a channel comprising an open channel and a wick; and a mixer adapted to enhance fluid mixing within the wick. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 comprising a laminated device comprising 2 to 600 essentially planar layers that each comprise: a channel comprising an open channel and a wick; and a mixer adapted to enhance fluid mixing within the wick. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the mixer is a static mixer. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the mixer is an active mixer. 6. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the wick is essentially planar. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the open channel has a height of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, and the wick has a height of 5 mm or less. 8. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the static mixer comprises a helix. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the channel comprises a patterned surface and wherein the wick is disposed on the patterned surface. 10. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the wick comprises an active catalyst material. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 comprising an active catalyst material for catalyzing the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and further comprising structures that are capable of removing liquid hydrocarbon products from contact with the active catalyst material. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising an adsorbent material within the wick. 13. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the wick comprises at least 3 wicks that are intertwined to form a braid. 14. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the wick comprises helical or intersecting structures. 15. A process of contacting fluids comprising: passing at least two separate fluid streams into a device having at least one channel; wherein the channel comprises an open area and a wick; flowing at least one fluid through the wicking region, and flowing at least one other fluid through the open area; mixing the liquid within the wick; wherein there is mass transfer occurring between the at least one fluid flowing through the wick, and the at least one other fluid flowing through the open area. 16. The process of claim 15 wherein the mixing occurs by use of a static mixer or advanced wicking structure. 17. The process of claim 15 wherein the mixing occurs by use of an active mixer. 18. The process of claim 15 wherein the step of mixing the liquid comprises using a static mixer to induce splitting and recombining or to induce stretching and folding. 19. Wicking apparatus, comprising: a fluid inlet; a channel connected to the fluid inlet; the channel comprising an open channel connected to the fluid inlet and an advanced wicking structure; and a liquid outlet or a liquid channel; wherein the liquid outlet or a liquid channel is connected to the advanced wicking structure. 20. The apparatus of claim 19 comprising: a laminated device comprising at least 2 essentially planar layers that each comprise: a channel comprising an open channel and an advanced wicking structure. 21. The apparatus of claim 20 comprising a laminated device comprising 2 to 600 essentially planar layers that each comprise: a channel comprising an open channel and an advanced wicking structure. 22. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the advanced wicking structure comprises a wick on a patterned surface. 23. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the advanced wicking structure comprises periodic focusing structures in which regions of increased flow area, increased mass transfer length-scale, and slower flow would alternate with regions of decreased flow area, decreased mass transfer length-scale, and faster velocity. 24. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the open channel has dimensions of width and length that are at least 10 times larger than the dimension of height.