초록

The present invention provides a hardenable (i.e., curable by polymerization, crosslinking, ionic, or other chemical reaction) composition that includes polymerizable urea or thiourea compounds that function as reductants (i.e., reducing agents) in redox polymerization reactions.

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What is claimed is: 1. A hardenable composition comprising: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; a polymerizable reducing agent comprising, a thiourea group; a secondary reducing agent different from the polymerizable reducing agent comprising a thiourea grou

What is claimed is: 1. A hardenable composition comprising: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; a polymerizable reducing agent comprising, a thiourea group; a secondary reducing agent different from the polymerizable reducing agent comprising a thiourea group; and a non-peroxide-containing oxidizing agent. 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the non-peroxide-containing oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of a persulfuric acid, persulfuric acid salt, transition metal salt, perboric acid, perboric acid salt, permanganic acid, permanganic acid salt, perphosphoric acid, perphosphoric acid salt, and mixtures thereof. 3. A hardenable composition comprising: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; a polymerizable reducing agent of the formula: a secondary reducing agent different from the polymerizable reducing agent of the formula; and an oxidizing agent. 4. The hardenable composition of claim 3 wherein the secondary reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, metal complexed ascorbic acid compounds, amines, aromatic sulfinic salts, thioureas, cobalt (II) chloride, ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate, hydrazine, hydroxylaimine, oxalic acid, salts of a dithionite or sullite anion, and mixtures thereof. 5. The hardenable composition of claim 3 wherein the secondary reducing agent is present in an amount of about 0.05 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, based on the total weight of the hardenable composition. 6. The hardenable composition of claim 3 wherein the secondary reducing agent is an amine. 7. A method of cementing a dental article to a tooth or bone, the method comprising: providing a dental article; providing a hardenable composition comprising: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; a polymerizable reducing agent comprising a thiourea group; a secondary reducing agent different from the polymerizable reducing agent comprising a thiourea group; and a non-peroxide-containing oxidizing agent; and cementing the dental article to the tooth or bone using the hardenable composition. 8. A method of filling a tooth, the method comprising: providing a hardenable composition comprising: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; a polymerizable reducing agent comprising a thiourea group; a secondary reducing agent different from the polymerizable reducing agent comprising a thiourea group; and a non-peroxide-containing oxidizing agent; and applying the hardenable composition to the tooth.