초록 ▼

A closed loop system for increasing yield, reducing post process pollution, reducing energy consumed during and after extraction of fuels or contaminants in formations and for sequestering of carbon dioxide C02 from various sources is converted to a critical fluid for use as a flushing and cooling m

A closed loop system for increasing yield, reducing post process pollution, reducing energy consumed during and after extraction of fuels or contaminants in formations and for sequestering of carbon dioxide C02 from various sources is converted to a critical fluid for use as a flushing and cooling medium. Electrical energy heats a hydrocarbon rich formation resulting in the extraction of hot fluids which are fed to heat exchangers, gas/liquid separator, and steam turbine whereby oil, electric power, carbon dioxide and methane are produced for reuse in the system or for external use. Further, a method for sequestering of carbon dioxide in a formation comprises the steps of injecting CO2 into the reservoir, flushing with cool pressurized CO2 for heat removal, infiltrating with ultra-fine low density suspended catalyst particles of dry sodium hydroxide in CO2, pumping water moistened CO2 into the reservoir to activate the catalysts, binding the CO2 with reacting materials and capping the reservoir.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A method for reducing energy and critical fluid requirements during and after extraction of hydrocarbons comprising: generating carbon dioxide (CO2) from one of an internal source and external source; providing said CO2 as said critical fluid into a well with predetermined pa

What is claimed is: 1. A method for reducing energy and critical fluid requirements during and after extraction of hydrocarbons comprising: generating carbon dioxide (CO2) from one of an internal source and external source; providing said CO2 as said critical fluid into a well with predetermined parameters of temperature and pressure; providing a catalyst to said well; providing heat energy to said well; processing hot fluids, including CO2, CH4, oil, steam/water and vapor obtained from said well; converting said hot fluids into reusable CO2, CH4, electrical energy and water; and using said electrical energy to provide heat energy to said well or for use in an external electric distribution grid. 2. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of providing said well with an input borehole and an extraction borehole. 3. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said method further comprises the step of providing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) composition to said well. 4. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of providing a mixer for combining and introducing said carbon dioxide and said catalyst to said well. 5. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of providing heat energy to said well comprises the step of providing RF energy. 6. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein said step of providing RF energy comprises the step of reducing the migration of residual liberated hydrocarbons in an in situ recovery from a formation by using a minimum amount of targeted RF energy as the heat source. 7. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of processing hot fluids from said well comprises the step of providing a heat exchanger for receiving said hot fluids and providing a gas/liquid separator and a steam turbine coupled to said heat exchanger. 8. The method as recited in claim 7 further comprising said steam turbine driving an electric generator for providing said electrical energy. 9. The method as recited in claim 7 further comprising providing liquid oil from said gas/liquid separator to a secondary heat exchanger for additional heat recovery. 10. The method as recited in claim 7 further comprising said gas/liquid separator providing a gas, steam/water, and CO2 mixture to a distillation column. 11. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein said method comprises the step of said distillation column providing carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) for reuse within said system. 12. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of removing water from the formation including tar sands using re-circulating CO2 critical fluids to remove the water. 13. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of re-circulating said CO2 critical fluid for sweeping a preponderance of hydrocarbons to the surface for processing leaving a lower total amount of liberated hydrocarbons in situ. 14. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of cooling a previously heated formation or plot using a re-circulating critical fluid including said CO2 thereby increasing the viscosity of liberated hydrocarbon to a point where it is less mobile. 15. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of cooling a previously heated formation or plot using a re-circulating critical fluid. 16. A method for sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in a reservoir comprising the steps of: injecting CO2 into said reservoir; flushing said reservoir with cool, pressurized CO2 to remove residual heat; providing a catalyst to said reservoir; infiltrating said reservoir with ultrafine, low density suspended particles of said catalyst in said CO2; pumping moist CO2 into said reservoir to activate said catalyst; binding said CO2with reacting materials; and capping said reservoir. 17. The method as recited in claim 16 wherein said step of providing a catalyst comprises the step of providing a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) composition. 18. The method as recited in claim 16 wherein said step of providing a catalyst comprises the step of providing a potassium hydroxide (KOH) composition. 19. The method as recited in claim 16 wherein said step of infiltrating said reservoir with ultrafine, low density, suspended particles of a catalyst in CO2 comprises the step of lowering pressure to accelerate the deposition of said catalyst in said reservoir. 20. The method as recited in claim 16 wherein said step of pumping moist CO2 into said reservoir to activate said catalyst comprises the step of providing one of RF heat and another energy to accelerate binding of CO2. 21. A method for capturing and sequestering of CO2 and removal of latent heat from a large land mass during and after extraction of hydrocarbons comprising the steps of: using emissions from a power plant as a source of CO2 for production of critical CO2; removing heat from a formation after completion of oil extraction by flushing with recirculating critical fluids; reusing said heat from said formation to run electric generators and increase efficiency; and sequestering carbon dioxide in said formation when said extraction of hydrocarbons is completed. 22. The method as recited in claim 21 wherein said step of sequestering carbon dioxide in said formation comprises the steps of: injecting CO2 into said reservoir; flushing and recirculating said reservoir with cool, pressurized CO2 to remove residual heat; providing a catalyst to said reservoir; infiltrating said reservoir with ultrafine, low density suspended particles of said catalyst in said CO2; pumping moist CO2 into said reservoir to activate said catalyst; binding said CO2 with reacting materials; and capping said reservoir. 23. A method for limiting indiscriminate heating of a formation comprises the steps of: obtaining information to determine a discriminate target zone of RF heating to obtain oil and gas production; obtaining information to determine exclusion zones in said formation in which to substantially keep out heat, liberated hydrocarbons and critical fluid; calculating RF parameters to meet said discrimination target zone and to exclude said exclusion zone; locating an RF antenna in said formation to generate said discriminate target zone; heating hydrocarbons in said discriminate target zone; monitoring said formation to adjust said RF parameters to maintain said discriminate target zone and to exclude said exclusion zone; and transporting said liberated hydrocarbons, gas and liquids for processing. 24. The method as recited in claim 23 wherein said step of obtaining information to determine a discriminate target zone of RF heating comprises the step of obtaining project business parameters, project environmental protection parameters, and target zone hydrocarbon analysis data. 25. The method as recited in claim 23 wherein said step of obtaining information to determine zones to keep out heat, liberated hydrocarbons, and critical fluid comprises the step of obtaining project business parameters, project environmental protection parameters, and target zone hydrocarbon analysis data. 26. A system for reducing energy and critical fluid requirements during and after extraction of hydrocarbons comprising: means for generating carbon dioxide (CO2) from one of an internal source or external source of methane; means for providing said CO2 as said critical fluid into a well; means for providing a catalyst to said well; means for providing heat energy to said well; means for processing hot fluids, including CO2, methane, CH4, oil, steam/water and vapor from said well; means for converting said hot fluids into reusable CO2, CH4, electrical energy and water; and means for using said electrical energy to provide heat energy to said well or for use in an external electric distribution grid. 27. The system as recited in claim 26 wherein said well comprises an input borehole and an extraction borehole. 28. The system as recited in claim 26 wherein said system comprises an input tank opening and an extraction tank opening for an above ground batch or continuous flow plant process. 29. The system as recited in claim 26 further comprising means for providing a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) composition to said well. 30. The system as recited in claim 26 wherein said system comprises a mixer for combining and introducing said carbon dioxide and said catalyst to said well. 31. The system as recited in claim 26 wherein said means for providing heat energy to said well comprises means for generating electrical energy. 32. The system as recited in claim 26 wherein said means for providing heat energy to said well comprises means for providing RF energy. 33. The system as recited in claim 26 wherein said means for processing hot fluids from said well comprises a heat exchanger coupled to a gas/liquid separator and a steam turbine. 34. The system as recited in claim 33 wherein said steam turbine drives an electrical generator for providing said electrical energy. 35. The system as recited in claim 33 wherein said gas/liquid separator provides liquid oil to a secondary heat exchanger for generating heat through secondary heat recovery. 36. The system as recited in claim 33 wherein said gas/liquid separator provides a gas, steam/water, CO2 mixture to a distillation column. 37. The system as recited in claim 36 wherein said distillation column provides carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) for reuse within said system. 38. The system as recited in claim 26 wherein said system comprises means for removing latent and residual water from the ground including tar sands. 39. The system as recited in claim 26 wherein said system comprises means for removing water from the batch and continuous processes of tar sands. 40. A system for sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in a reservoir comprising: means for injecting CO2 into said reservoir; means for flushing said reservoir with cool, pressurized CO2 to remove residual heat and increase volumetric efficiency; means for providing a catalyst to said reservoir; means for infiltrating said reservoir with ultrafine, low density suspended particles of said catalyst in said CO2; means for pumping moist CO2 into said reservoir to activate said catalyst; means for binding said CO2 with reacting material; and means for capping said reservoir. 41. The system as recited in claim 40 wherein said catalyst comprises a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) composition. 42. The system as recited in claim 40 wherein said catalyst comprises a potassium hydroxide (KOH) composition. 43. The system as recited in claim 40 wherein said means for infiltrating said reservoir with ultrafine, low density, suspended particles of a catalyst in CO2 comprises means for lowering pressure in the formation to accelerate the deposition of said catalyst in said reservoir. 44. The system as recited in claim 40 wherein said means for pumping moist CO2 into said reservoir to activate said catalyst comprises means for providing heat to accelerate the catalyzed reaction of CO2 with a mineral formation. 45. A system for capturing and sequestering of CO2 and removal of latent heat from a large land mass during and after extraction of hydrocarbons comprising: means for producing critical CO2 using emissions from a power plant as a source of CO2; means for removing heat from a formation after completion of oil extraction; means for reusing said heat from said formation to run electric generators and increase efficiency; and means for sequestering carbon dioxide in said formation when said extraction of hydrocarbons is completed. 46. The system as recited in claim 45 further comprises means for removing residual hydrocarbons from a formation after primary recovery of hydrocarbons (oils and gasses) using critical fluids. 47. The system as recited in claim 45 further comprises means for cooling the formation using circulating fluids to reduce viscosity of said hydrocarbons, oils, gasses and pollutants and to reduce mobility of unrefined and refined pre and post recovery process hydrocarbons and pollutants from said formation. 48. The system as recited in claim 45 further comprises means for providing RF energy to only target and energize a limited mass of said formation, thereby reducing mobility of unrefined and refined hydrocarbons and pollutants from a formation, reducing the relative viscosity of non-targeted hydrocarbons, oils and gasses and pollutants, reducing their relative mobility in the formation, and reducing the temperature of non-targeted formation elements providing for a thermal barrier against migration of heated elements. 49. The system as recited in claim 45 wherein said means for producing critical CO2 using emissions from a power plant as a source of CO2 comprises a distillation column coupled to a condenser. 50. The system as recited in claim 45 wherein said means for removing heat from a formation after completion of oil extraction comprises means for providing pressurized CO2 to said formation and a heat exchanger for receiving said CO2 from said formation. 51. The system as recited in claim 50 wherein said means for re-using said heat from said formation comprises a steam turbine connected to an output of said heat exchanger, said steam turbine being coupled to an electric generator. 52. The system as recited in claim 50 wherein said means for re-using said heat from said formation comprises a heat pump connected to an output of said heat exchanger, said heat pump being coupled to an electric generator. 53. The system as recited in claim 45 wherein said means for sequestering carbon dioxide in said formation comprises: means for injecting CO2 into said reservoir; means for flushing and recirculating said reservoir with pressurized CO2 to remove residual heat until a predetermined optimum temperature is reached for completion of a sequestering process, abandonment or a tertiary recovery; means for providing a catalyst to said reservoir; means for infiltrating said reservoir with ultrafine, low density suspended particles of said catalyst in said CO2; means for pumping moist CO2 into said reservoir to activate said catalyst; means for binding said CO2 with reacting material; and means for capping said reservoir.