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Osteogenic sponge compositions having enhanced osteoinductive properties for use in bone repair are described. The compositions include a quickly resorbable porous carrier, a more slowly resorbed mineral scaffold and an osteogenic factor, preferably a bone morphogenetic protein. The compositions ena

Osteogenic sponge compositions having enhanced osteoinductive properties for use in bone repair are described. The compositions include a quickly resorbable porous carrier, a more slowly resorbed mineral scaffold and an osteogenic factor, preferably a bone morphogenetic protein. The compositions enable increased osteoinductive activity while retaining a reliable scaffold for the formation of new bone at an implant site. Methods for therapeutic use of the compositions are also described.

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What is claimed is: 1. An osteogenic sponge composition comprising: a highly mineralized sponge implant device, said device being three-dimensionally stable but flexible, said device exhibiting sufficient flexibility to be rolled up when hydrated, said device consisting essentially of a resorbable

What is claimed is: 1. An osteogenic sponge composition comprising: a highly mineralized sponge implant device, said device being three-dimensionally stable but flexible, said device exhibiting sufficient flexibility to be rolled up when hydrated, said device consisting essentially of a resorbable sponge matrix formed of lyophilized collagen and having particulate biocompatible mineral embedded within said matrix, said device comprised 1% to 3% by weight of the lyophilized collagen and 97% to 99% by weight of the particulate biocompatible mineral, said resorbable sponge matrix having been prepared by a process comprising freeze-drying a slurry including the collagen and particulate biocompatible mineral; and an osteogenic factor effective to stimulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts when administered to a human, and wherein said osteogenic factor is incorporated into said sponge implant device in an amount to stimulate the osteoclasts to cause an increase in the rate of resorption of said resorbable sponge matrix when said sponge implant device is implanted in a human; and wherein said particulate biocompatible mineral is resorbed more slowly than said resorbable sponge matrix when said sponge implant device is implanted in a human and thereby provides a scaffold for bone ingrowth that remains after said resorbable sponge matrix is resorbed. 2. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 1, wherein the particulate biocompatible mineral comprises bone particles. 3. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 1, wherein the particulate biocompatible mineral includes a synthetic ceramic. 4. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 3, wherein the ceramic material includes a calcium phosphate ceramic. 5. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 4, wherein the calcium phosphate ceramic is biphasic calcium phosphate. 6. An interbody spinal fusion device, comprising: a load bearing member sized for insertion between adjacent vertebrae; and a composition according to any of claims 1-5 retained by said load bearing member. 7. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 1, wherein the collagen comprises telopeptide collagen. 8. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 7, wherein the osteogenic factor comprises a bone morphogenic protein. 9. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 8, wherein the bone morphogenic protein comprises BMP-2 or BMP-7. 10. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 9, wherein the bone morphogenic protein comprises BMP-2. 11. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 1, wherein the particulate biocompatible mineral has an average particle diameter of greater than about 0.5 millimeters. 12. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 1, wherein the particulate biocompatible mineral has an average particle diameter in the range of about 0.5 millimeters to about 5 millimeters. 13. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 12, wherein the particulate biocompatible mineral has an average particle diameter of about 1 millimeter to about 3 millimeter. 14. An osteoinductive composition effective for the induction of new bone growth in a human patient, comprising a highly mineralized sponge implant device, said device being three-dimensionally stable but flexible, said device exhibiting sufficient flexibility to be rolled up when hydrated, said device comprising a resorbable sponge matrix and a particulate biocompatible mineral embedded within said matrix, said device comprised at least 95% by weight of the particulate biocompatible mineral; wherein said resorbable sponge matrix comprises collagen, and said particulate biocompatible mineral comprises a calcium phosphate ceramic or bone; wherein said resorbable sponge matrix has been prepared by a process comprising freeze-drying a slurry including the collagen and particulate biocompatible mineral; and an osteogenic factor effective to stimulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts when administered to a human, and wherein said osteogenic factor is incorporated into said sponge implant device in an amount to stimulate the osteoclasts to cause an increase in the rate of resorption of said resorbable sponge matrix when said sponge implant device is implanted in a human; and wherein said particulate biocompatible mineral is resorbed more slowly than said resorbable sponge matrix when said sponge implant device is implanted in a human and thereby provides a scaffold for bone ingrowth that remains after said resorbable sponge matrix is resorbed. 15. The osteoinductive composition of claim 14, wherein the osteogenic factor comprises a bone morphogenic protein. 16. The osteoinductive composition of claim 15, wherein the bone morphogenic protein comprises BMP-2 or BMP-7. 17. The osteoinductive composition of claim 16, wherein the bone morphogenic protein comprises BMP-2. 18. The osteogenic sponge composition of claim 1, wherein said resorbable sponge matrix comprises fibrillar collagen. 19. An osteogenic sponge composition effective for the induction of new bone growth in a human, comprising: a highly mineralized sponge implant device, said device being three-dimensionally stable but flexible, said device comprising a resorbable sponge matrix formed of collagen and having particulate biocompatible mineral embedded within said matrix, said device comprised 1% to 3% by weight of the collagen and 97% to 99% by weight of the particulate biocompatible mineral, said device prepared by providing a slurry including the collagen and the particulate biocompatible mineral, freeze-drying the slurry to form a dried sponge material, and crosslinking the dried sponge material to result in a three-dimensionally stable but flexible device, said device exhibiting sufficient flexibility to be rolled up when hydrated; and an osteogenic factor effective to stimulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts when administered to a human, and wherein said osteogenic factor is incorporated into said sponge implant device in an amount to stimulate the osteoclasts to cause an increase in the rate of resorption of said resorbable sponge matrix when said sponge implant device is implanted in a human; and wherein said particulate biocompatible mineral is resorbed more slowly than said resorbable sponge matrix when said sponge implant device is implanted in a human and thereby provides a scaffold for bone ingrowth that remains after said resorbable sponge matrix is resorbed. 20. An osteogenic composition effective for the induction of new bone growth in a human patient, comprising: a highly mineralized sponge implant device, said device being three-dimensionally stable but flexible, said device comprising a resorbable sponge matrix and a particulate biocompatible mineral embedded within said matrix, said device comprised 1% to 3% by weight of a material forming said sponge matrix, and 97% to 99% by weight of the particulate biocompatible mineral, wherein said resorbable sponge matrix comprises collagen, said particulate biocompatible mineral comprises biphasic calcium phosphate, said resorbable sponge matrix has been prepared by a process comprising freeze-drying a slurry including the collagen and particulate biocompatible mineral, and said device exhibiting sufficient flexibility to be rolled up when hydrated; and an osteogenic factor effective to stimulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts when administered to a human, and wherein said osteogenic factor is incorporated into said sponge implant device in an amount to stimulate the osteoclasts to cause an increase in the rate of resorption of said resorbable sponge matrix when said sponge implant device is implanted in a human; and wherein said particulate biocompatible mineral is resorbed more slowly than said resorbable sponge matrix when said sponge implant device is implanted in a human and thereby provides a scaffold for bone ingrowth that remains after said resorbable sponge matrix is resorbed.