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A composite material comprising a first layer which comprises a surfactant component, surfactant-generated microcells, a gel catalyst component and a binder component, and a second layer which comprises a metallic component is provided. The first layer may further comprise a filler component. In add

A composite material comprising a first layer which comprises a surfactant component, surfactant-generated microcells, a gel catalyst component and a binder component, and a second layer which comprises a metallic component is provided. The first layer may further comprise a filler component. In addition, the composite material may further comprise a substrate to which the first layer is adhered. The composite materials have heat insulating and fire resistant characteristics and are particularly suited for use in building materials and mattresses.

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What is claimed is: 1. A heat insulating and fire resistant composite material consisting essentially of: (a) a first layer which comprises a surfactant component, surfactant-generated microcells, a gel catalyst component selected from the group consisting of a thermosetting gel catalyst, a vulcani

What is claimed is: 1. A heat insulating and fire resistant composite material consisting essentially of: (a) a first layer which comprises a surfactant component, surfactant-generated microcells, a gel catalyst component selected from the group consisting of a thermosetting gel catalyst, a vulcanizing gel catalyst, a cross-linking gel catalyst and combinations thereof and a binder component; and (b) a second layer comprising a metallic component adhered to the first layer. 2. The composite material according to claim 1 wherein the first layer further comprises a filler component. 3. The composite material according to claim 2 wherein the filler comprises clay. 4. A heat insulating and fire resistant composite material comprising: (a) a substrate (b) a first layer adhered to the substrate to provide a coated substrate, said first layer comprising a surfactant component, surfactant-generated microcells, a gel catalyst component selected from the group consisting of a thermosetting gel catalyst, a vulcanizing gel catalyst, a cross-linking gel catalyst and combinations thereof, a filler component comprising clay and binder component and a binder component, wherein said binder component bonds the filler material together and to the substrate and wherein said first layer does not bleed through the substrate; and (c) a second layer comprising a metallic component adhered to the coated substrate. 5. The composite material according to claim 4 wherein said substrate is planar and said first layer is adhered to one side of the substrate. 6. The composite material according to claim 4 wherein said substrate is planar and said first layer is adhered to both sides of the substrate. 7. The composite according to claim 5 or 6 wherein said second layer is adhered to one side of said coated substrate. 8. The composite according to claim 5 or 6 wherein said second layer is adhered to both sides of said coated substrate. 9. The composite material according to claim 1 or 4 further comprising a water repellant material. 10. The composite material according to claim 1 or 4 further comprising an antifungal material. 11. The composite material according to claim 1 or 4 further comprising an antibacterial material. 12. The composite material according to claim 1 or 4 further comprising a surface friction agent. 13. The composite material according to claim 1 or 4 further comprising a flame retardant material. 14. The composite material according to claim 1 or 4 further comprising an algaecide. 15. The composite material according to claim 1 or 4 further comprising a dye. 16. The composite material according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the metallic component is selected from the group consisting of aluminum or stainless steel. 17. The composite material according to claim 16 wherein the metallic component is aluminum foil.