초록 ▼

A system for treatment of one or more flowing materials includes a support bed (32) comprising a plurality of support elements (34). The support bed may have a void fraction of at least 45%. An active bed (36), such as a bed of catalytic elements, may be supported by the support bed. The void fracti

A system for treatment of one or more flowing materials includes a support bed (32) comprising a plurality of support elements (34). The support bed may have a void fraction of at least 45%. An active bed (36), such as a bed of catalytic elements, may be supported by the support bed. The void fraction of the support bed may be larger than that of an equivalent bed of conventional, spherical elements, enabling significant improvements in the flow rate of reactants through the bed and/or a reduced pressure drop across the support bed.

대표청구항 ▼

The invention claimed is: 1. A system for treatment of one or more flowing materials comprising: a shell; a support bed in the shell comprising a plurality of support elements, the support bed having a void fraction of at least 50%; an active bed in the shell supported by the support bed; and where

The invention claimed is: 1. A system for treatment of one or more flowing materials comprising: a shell; a support bed in the shell comprising a plurality of support elements, the support bed having a void fraction of at least 50%; an active bed in the shell supported by the support bed; and wherein the support bed has an activity towards the one or more flowing materials which is less than 20% of that of the active bed on a basis of weight. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the support bed includes: a first layer of support elements; and a second layer of support elements, supported by the first layer, the support elements in the second layer having a smaller size than the support elements in the first layer. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the activity comprises a catalytic activity and the one or more flowing materials include one or more reactant materials. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the support elements have an apparent porosity of less than 3%. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the support elements have an apparent porosity of less than 0.7%. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the support elements each comprise a generally cylindrical structure with at least one through passage. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one through passage has a mean width of at least 1 mm. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one through passage has a mean width which is at least 10% of a maximum width of the support element. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the support elements comprise a plurality of internal cross members which define the through passages therebetween. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein a first of the internal cross members intersects a second of the internal cross members. 11. The system of claim 6, wherein there are at least four though passages. 12. The system of claim 6, wherein a largest circle which can be enscribed within the through passage has a diameter of less than a diameter of a plurality of active elements in the active bed. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the diameter of the largest circle is less than 3 mm. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the support elements each comprise a cross section which is substantially constant along a length of the element. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the support elements are randomly oriented in the support bed. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the void fraction is at least 55%. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the void fraction is less than 80%. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the void fraction is less than 75%. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the active bed comprises a plurality of active elements and wherein the support elements comprise at least a lowermost layer of elements in the shell. 20. A system for treatment of one or more flowing materials comprising: a support bed comprising a plurality of non-spherical support elements, the support elements each defining at least one through passage, said support bed having a void fraction of at least 45%; and a bed comprising a plurality of active elements supported by the support bed, the support elements having an activity per unit weight towards the flowing materials which is no greater than 20% of the activity per unit weight of a majority of the active elements in the bed of active elements. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the void fraction is at least 50%.