초록 ▼

The invention relates to a method for reducing the carbon dioxide concentration in air of a closed or partially closed unit of space. The inventive method may comprise the steps of removing an air flow from the unit of space, guiding the air flow in a membrane system that may contain at least one me

The invention relates to a method for reducing the carbon dioxide concentration in air of a closed or partially closed unit of space. The inventive method may comprise the steps of removing an air flow from the unit of space, guiding the air flow in a membrane system that may contain at least one membrane module having a CO2/O2 selectivity of greater than 2, removing the carbon dioxide permeated through the membrane, and returning the air flow that has been depleted of carbon dioxide in the membrane system to the unit of space. The inventive method may be optionally combined with an oxygen enrichment method. The invention also relates to corresponding devices for carrying out the inventive method.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A method for the depletion of carbon dioxide in the air from a closed or partially closed unit of space, comprising the following steps: extracting an air stream from a unit of space; feeding the air stream into a membrane system containing at least one membrane module having

What is claimed is: 1. A method for the depletion of carbon dioxide in the air from a closed or partially closed unit of space, comprising the following steps: extracting an air stream from a unit of space; feeding the air stream into a membrane system containing at least one membrane module having a CO2/O2 selectivity of greater than 1, wherein the at least one membrane module contains carbon membranes, ceramic membranes, and combinations and/or composites of these membranes; removing permeated carbon dioxide which has permeated through a membrane; returning the air stream depleted of the carbon dioxide in the membrane system into the unit of space. 2. A method for the oxygen enrichment of air with simultaneous depletion of carbon dioxide in a closed or partially closed unit of space, comprising the following steps: extracting a first air stream from a unit of space; feeding of the first air stream into a membrane system containing at least one membrane module having a CO2/O2 selectivity of greater than 1, wherein the at least one membrane module contains carbon membranes, ceramic membranes, and combinations and/or composites of these membranes; removing permeated carbon dioxide which has permeated through a membrane; returning of a first air stream depleted of carbon dioxide in the membrane system into the unit of space; enriching a second air stream with oxygen by means of an oxygen enrichment system, which produces an oxygen enriched and a nitrogen enriched air stream; feeding of the oxygen enriched air stream into the unit of space; and separating removal of the nitrogen enriched air stream. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the permeated carbon dioxide is removed by means of reduced pressure, vacuum or purging a permeate side of at least one membrane module with a purge gas stream of the permeate side of the membrane module. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the permeated carbon dioxide is discharged by absorption in suitable absorber liquids. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the carbon dioxide depleted first air stream is cleaned before return into the unit of space with the oxygen enriched air stream from the oxygen enrichment system. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the second air stream originates at least partially from the unit of space, from the first air stream before the membrane system or the carbon dioxide depleted first air stream. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the unit of space is selected from a building, a room, a pressurized cabin in a motor vehicle, airplane, ship or streetcar, a tent, a mosquito net, air-breathing systems, diving suits, respiratory protection equipment, and an inhalation loop. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the oxygen enrichment system used is a pressure swing adsorption system, a hollow fiber membrane module or a membrane--based air separation device on a basis of zeolite membranes, zeolite mixed--matrix systems, carbon or polymer membranes. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the purge gas is air which is, tempered or climatized. 10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of the first air stream to the second air stream is in the range from 500:1 to 2:1. 11. A device for depletion of carbon dioxide in air from a closed or partially closed unit of space, comprising: a first part for withdrawal of an air stream from the unit of space; a second part to feed the air stream into a membrane system containing at least one membrane module having a CO2/O2 selectivity greater than 1, wherein the at least one membrane module contains carbon membranes, ceramic membranes, and combinations and/or composites of these membranes; a third part for the removal of carbon dioxide from the permeate side of at least one module; a fourth part for the return of the air stream depleted of carbon dioxide in the membrane system into the unit of space. 12. A device for the enrichment of oxygen from air by simultaneous depletion of carbon dioxide in closed or partially closed loops comprising: a first part for extraction of a first air stream from the unit of space; a second part to feed the first air stream into a membrane system containing at least one membrane module having a CO2/O2 selectivity of greater than 1, wherein the at least one membrane module contains carbon membranes, ceramic membranes, and combinations and/or composites of these membranes; a third part to remove carbon dioxide from the permeate side of at least one membrane module; a fourth part to return the first air stream depleted of carbon dioxide into the unit of space; an oxygen enrichment system, which produces an oxygen enriched and a nitrogen enriched air stream from an introduced second air stream; a fifth part for feeding the oxygen enriched air stream into the unit of space; as well as a sixth part for discharge of the nitrogen enriched air stream. 13. The device according to claim 11, wherein the third part comprise devices for provision of reduced pressure or vacuum on the permeate side of the membrane system. 14. The device according to claim 11, wherein the third part comprise devices for feeding and discharging of purge gas in the membrane system. 15. The device according to claim 12, wherein the oxygen enrichment system is a pressure swing adsorption system, a hollow fiber membrane module or a membrane based air separation device on the basis of zeolite membranes, zeolite mixed-matrix systems, carbon or polymer membranes. 16. The device according to claim 15, wherein per device the pressure swing adsorption system comprises; a compressor for compression of the second air stream; and one to 10 adsorption chambers containing zeolite molecular sieves. 17. The device according claim 16, wherein the device comprises CO2 sensors, O2 sensors or air quality sensors as well as computer-aided control devices coupled therewith for adjustment of the volume streams of the air streams returning from the membrane system and the oxygen enrichment system into the unit of space.