A hydraulically powered tractor includes an elongated body, two gripper assemblies, at least one pair of aft and forward propulsion cylinders and pistons, and a valve system. The valve system comprises an inlet control valve, a two-position propulsion control valve, a two-position gripper control va
A hydraulically powered tractor includes an elongated body, two gripper assemblies, at least one pair of aft and forward propulsion cylinders and pistons, and a valve system. The valve system comprises an inlet control valve, a two-position propulsion control valve, a two-position gripper control valve, two cycle valves, and two pressure reduction valves. The inlet control valve spool includes a hydraulically controlled deactivation cam that locks the valve in a closed position, rendering the tractor non-operational. The propulsion control valve is piloted on both ends by fluid pressure in the gripper assemblies. The propulsion control valve controls the distribution of operating fluid to and from the propulsion cylinders, such that one cylinder performs a power stroke while the other cylinder performs a reset stroke. Each end of the gripper control valve is piloted by a source of high-pressure fluid selectively admitted by one of the cycle valves. The gripper control valve controls the distribution of operating fluid to and from the gripper assemblies. The cycle valves are spring-biased and piloted by fluid pressure in the propulsion cylinders, so that the gripper control valve shifts only after the cylinders complete their strokes. The pressure reduction valves limit the pressure within the gripper assemblies. These valves are spring-biased and piloted by the pressure of fluid flowing into the gripper assemblies. Some or all of the valves include centering grooves on the landings of the spools, which reduce leakage and produce more efficient operation. The propulsion control and gripper control valves include spring-assisted detents to prevent inadvertent shifting.
대표청구항▼
What is claimed is: 1. A tractor assembly, comprising a tractor for moving within a borehole, the tractor configured to be powered by pressurized operating fluid received from a conduit extending from the tractor through the borehole to a source of the operating fluid, the tractor comprising: an el
What is claimed is: 1. A tractor assembly, comprising a tractor for moving within a borehole, the tractor configured to be powered by pressurized operating fluid received from a conduit extending from the tractor through the borehole to a source of the operating fluid, the tractor comprising: an elongated body having a thrust-receiving portion longitudinally fixed with respect to the body, the body having an internal passage configured to receive the operating fluid from the conduit; a gripper assembly longitudinally movably engaged with the body, the gripper assembly having an actuated position in which the gripper assembly limits relative movement between the gripper assembly and an inner surface of the borehole, and a retracted position in which the gripper assembly permits substantially free relative movement between the gripper assembly and said inner surface, the gripper assembly configured to be actuated by the operating fluid; a control assembly on the body, the control assembly including a valve system configured to receive fluid from the internal passage of the body and to selectively control the flow of operating fluid to at least one of the gripper assembly and the thrust-receiving portion; and a tractor isolation apparatus being controllable from a location of the source of operating fluid, the isolation apparatus configured to bring the tractor to a non-operational state in which the gripper assembly is assured of being in its retracted position; wherein operating fluid in the internal passage of the body is permitted to flow through the control assembly to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor when the isolation apparatus has the tractor in said non-operational state. 2. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the isolation apparatus is configured to bring the tractor to said non-operational state by preventing the flow of operating fluid from the internal passage of the body into the valve system. 3. The tractor assembly of claim 2, wherein: the isolation apparatus comprises an entry control valve controlling the flow of operating fluid from the internal passage of the body into the valve system, the entry control valve comprising a spool having first and third position ranges in which the entry control valve provides a flow path for operating fluid within the valve system to flow through the entry control valve to an exterior of the tractor and in which the spool prevents the flow of operating fluid from the internal passage of the body into the valve system, the spool having a second position range in which the entry control valve provides a flow path for operating fluid within the internal passage of the body to flow into the valve system; the spool moves to the first position range when the pressure in the internal passage of the body is below a lower shut-off threshold; the spool moves to the second position range when the pressure in the internal passage of the body is above the lower shut-off threshold and below an upper shut-off threshold; and the spool moves to the third position range when the pressure in the internal passage of the body is above the upper shut-off threshold. 4. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the isolation apparatus is controllable by producing spikes in a pressure of the operating fluid in the internal passage of the body. 5. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more components downhole of the tractor includes a perforation gun assembly. 6. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more components downhole of the tractor includes an acidizing assembly. 7. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more components downhole of the tractor includes a sandwashing assembly. 8. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more components downhole of the tractor includes a bore plug setting assembly. 9. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more components downhole of the tractor includes a logging assembly. 10. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more components downhole of the tractor includes a bore casing locator. 11. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more components downhole of the tractor includes a drilling assembly. 12. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more components downhole of the tractor includes a measurement while drilling assembly. 13. The tractor assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more components downhole of the tractor includes a fishing tool. 14. A method of moving within a borehole, comprising: providing an elongated body having a thrust-receiving portion longitudinally fixed with respect to the body, the body having an internal passage configured to receive an operating fluid from a conduit extending from the body; providing a gripper assembly longitudinally movably engaged with the body, the gripper assembly having an actuated position in which the gripper assembly limits relative movement between the gripper assembly and an inner surface of the borehole, and a retracted position in which the gripper assembly permits substantially free relative movement between the gripper assembly and said inner surface, the gripper assembly configured to be actuated by the operating fluid; providing a control assembly on the body, the control assembly including a valve system configured to receive fluid from the internal passage of the body and to selectively control the flow of operating fluid to at least one of the gripper assembly and the thrust-receiving portion; providing a tractor isolation apparatus being controllable from a location of the source of operating fluid, the isolation apparatus configured to bring the tractor to a non-operational state in which the gripper assembly is assured of being in its retracted position; positioning the body, gripper assembly, control assembly, and isolation apparatus within a borehole, with the conduit extending from the body through the borehole to a source of the operating fluid; providing one or more components connected downhole of the tractor; and permitting operating fluid in the internal passage of the body to flow through the control assembly to the one or more components downhole of the tractor when the isolation apparatus has the tractor in said non-operational state. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the isolation apparatus is configured to bring the tractor to said non-operational state by preventing the flow of operating fluid from the internal passage of the body into the valve system. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein providing the isolation apparatus comprises providing an entry control valve controlling the flow of operating fluid from the internal passage of the body into the valve system, the entry control valve comprising a spool having first and third position ranges in which the entry control valve provides a flow path for operating fluid within the valve system to flow through the entry control valve to an exterior of the tractor and in which the spool prevents the flow of operating fluid from the internal passage of the body into the valve system, the spool having a second position range in which the entry control valve provides a flow path for operating fluid within the internal passage of the body to flow into the valve system, and wherein: the spool moves to the first position range when the pressure in the internal passage of the body is below a lower shut-off threshold; the spool moves to the second position range when the pressure in the internal passage of the body is above the lower shut-off threshold and below an upper shut-off threshold; and the spool moves to the third position range when the pressure in the internal passage of the body is above the upper shut-off threshold. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising controlling the isolation apparatus to toggle the tractor between operational and non-operational states by producing spikes in a pressure of the operating fluid in the internal passage of the body. 18. A method of moving within a borehole, comprising: providing an elongated body having a thrust-receiving portion longitudinally fixed with respect to the body, the body having an internal passage configured to receive an operating fluid from a conduit extending from the body; providing a gripper assembly longitudinally movably engaged with the body, the gripper assembly having an actuated position in which the gripper assembly limits relative movement between the gripper assembly and an inner surface of the borehole, and a retracted position in which the gripper assembly permits substantially free relative movement between the gripper assembly and said inner surface, the gripper assembly configured to be actuated by the operating fluid; positioning the body and the gripper assembly within a borehole; conveying pressurized operating fluid through the conduit and into the internal passage of the body; longitudinally moving the tractor within the borehole by using a valve system to selectively control the flow of operating fluid from the internal passage of the body to at least one of the gripper assembly and the thrust-receiving portion; after said moving the tractor, bringing the tractor to a non-operational state in which the gripper assembly is in its retracted position; and permitting operating fluid in the internal passage of the body to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor when the tractor is in said non-operational state. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said permitting operating fluid to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor comprises permitting operating fluid to flow to a perforation gun assembly. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein said permitting operating fluid to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor comprises permitting operating fluid to flow to an acidizing assembly. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein said permitting operating fluid to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor comprises permitting operating fluid to flow to a sandwashing assembly. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein said permitting operating fluid to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor comprises permitting operating fluid to flow to a bore plug setting assembly. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein said permitting operating fluid to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor comprises permitting operating fluid to flow to a logging assembly. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein said permitting operating fluid to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor comprises permitting operating fluid to flow to a bore casing locator. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein said permitting operating fluid to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor comprises permitting operating fluid to flow to a drilling assembly. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein said permitting operating fluid to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor comprises permitting operating fluid to flow to a measurement while drilling assembly. 27. The method of claim 18, wherein said permitting operating fluid to flow to one or more components connected downhole of the tractor comprises permitting operating fluid to flow to a fishing tool.
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