IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
UP-0814898
(2005-01-27)
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등록번호 |
US-7630842
(2009-12-16)
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국제출원번호 |
PCT/JP05/001116
(2005-01-27)
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§371/§102 date |
20070731
(20070731)
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국제공개번호 |
WO06/080067
(2006-08-03)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
|
출원인 / 주소 |
- Panasonic EV Energy Co., Ltd.
|
대리인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
7 인용 특허 :
1 |
초록
▼
If a particular selection condition is satisfied, a non-load voltage calculation unit (105) calculates a no-load voltage Vsep as a voltage piece when the current in approximate straight line obtained by statistical processing using the method of least squares for a plurality of sets of data containi
If a particular selection condition is satisfied, a non-load voltage calculation unit (105) calculates a no-load voltage Vsep as a voltage piece when the current in approximate straight line obtained by statistical processing using the method of least squares for a plurality of sets of data containing current data I(n) and voltage data V(n) is zero. If a particular current condition or voltage condition is continuously satisfied for a predetermined time, an open-circuit voltage calculation unit (106) calculates a secondary cell terminal voltage as an open-circuit voltage Voc and a voltage-at-zero-current storing unit (108) stores voltage-at-zero-current Vzo calculated by a voltage-at-zero-current calculation unit (107). By using a predetermined voltage change amount adjustment constant ΔVbc/adjustment coefficient Kb, an electromotive force change constant Keq, and a polarization voltage generation constant Kpol, an estimated charge/discharge electric amount calculation unit (118A) calculates an estimated charge/discharge electricity amount ΔQe as a function of the change amount ΔVzo of a voltage-at-zero-current Vzo. It is possible to estimate charge/discharge electricity amount without being affected by the current measurement error.
대표청구항
▼
The invention claimed is: 1. A method for estimating a charging/discharging electricity amount of a rechargeable battery, the method comprising the steps of: measuring a data set of current flowing through the rechargeable battery and terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to th
The invention claimed is: 1. A method for estimating a charging/discharging electricity amount of a rechargeable battery, the method comprising the steps of: measuring a data set of current flowing through the rechargeable battery and terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to the current, and obtaining a plurality of the data sets; calculating a no-load voltage that is a voltage intercept of an approximate line at a zero-current state obtained through statistical processing using the plurality of data sets when a specific selection condition is satisfied; calculating an open-circuit voltage from the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery when a specific current condition or voltage condition is satisfied continuously for a certain period of time; calculating a zero-current state voltage (Vzo) from the no-load voltage or the open-circuit voltage by selecting the no-load voltage as the zero-current state voltage when the specific selection condition is satisfied or by selecting the open-circuit voltage as the zero-current state voltage when the specific condition is not satisfied but the specific current condition or voltage condition is satisfied for the certain period of time; storing the zero-current state voltage; calculating a zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo) during a period from when the zero-current state voltage is stored to when a zero-current state voltage is calculated subsequently; and calculating an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQe) of the rechargeable battery based on the zero-current state voltage change amount. 2. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: presetting a voltage change amount adjustment constant (ΔVbc) and a voltage change amount adjustment coefficient (Kb), which are determined depending on a physical property and a charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery, for the zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo); presetting an electromotive force change constant (Keq) that is a change amount of an electromotive force for a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; and presetting a polarization voltage generation constant (Kpol) that is a change amount of a polarization voltage for a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQe is calculated as a function of the zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo) using the expression of ΔQe=Kb*(ΔVzo+ΔVbc)/(Keq+Kpol). 3. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: calculating a polarization voltage (Vpol) of the rechargeable battery based on the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount; storing the calculated polarization voltage; calculating a storage time (th) of the polarization voltage; and calculating a time-dependent voltage change amount (ΔVbp(th)) based on the stored polarization voltage and the storage time; wherein the step of calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount includes calculating an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount based on the time-dependent voltage change amount in addition to the zero-current state voltage change amount. 4. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 3, wherein the step of calculating the time-dependent voltage change amount includes calculating a time-dependent voltage change amount by multiplying the stored polarization voltage by a polarization attenuation ratio that is a function of the storage time. 5. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 3, further comprising the steps of: presetting a voltage change amount adjustment coefficient (Kb), which is determined depending on a physical property and a charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery, for the zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo); presetting an electromotive force change constant (Keq) that is a change amount of an electromotive force with respect to a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; and presetting a polarization voltage generation constant (Kpol) that is a change amount of a polarization voltage with respect to a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQe is calculated as a function of the zero-current state voltage change amount ΔVzo and the time-dependent voltage change amount ΔVbp(th) using the expression of ΔQe=Kb*(ΔVzo+ΔVbp(th))/(Keq+Kpol). 6. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: calculating a polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount; calculating an electromotive force (Veq) of the rechargeable battery based on the stored zero-current state voltage and the polarization voltage; storing the calculated electromotive force; calculating a measured charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQm) during a period in which the electromotive force is being stored from current flowing through the rechargeable battery; calculating an electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount (Veq2) based on the stored electromotive force and the measured charging/discharging electricity amount; and calculating an electromotive force change amount (ΔVeq) that is a difference between the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount and the stored electromotive force; wherein the step of calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount includes calculating an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount based on the electromotive force change amount in addition to the zero-current state voltage change amount. 7. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 6, wherein the step of calculating the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount includes calculating, as the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount (Veq2), an electromotive force corresponding to a state of charge obtained by subtracting or adding the measured charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQm) from or to a state of charge corresponding to the stored electromotive force by referring to an electromotive force characteristic with respect to a state of charge of the rechargeable battery that is prepared beforehand and is parameterized by a temperature. 8. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 6, further comprising the steps of: presetting for the zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo) a voltage change amount adjustment constant (ΔVbc) and a voltage change amount adjustment coefficient (kb) that are determined depending on a physical property and a charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; and presetting a polarization voltage generation constant (Kpol) that is a change amount of a polarization voltage for a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQe is calculated as a function of the zero-current state voltage change amount ΔVzo, the electromotive force change amount ΔVeq, and the measured charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQm using the expression of ΔQe=Kb*(ΔVzo+ΔVbc)/(ΔVeq/ΔQm+Kpol). 9. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: calculating a polarization voltage (Vpol) of the rechargeable battery based on the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount; storing the calculated polarization voltage; calculating a storage time (th) of the polarization voltage; calculating a time-dependent voltage change amount (ΔVbp(th)) based on the stored polarization voltage and the storage time; calculating an electromotive force of the rechargeable battery based on the stored zero-current state voltage and the stored polarization voltage; storing the calculated electromotive force; calculating a measured charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQm) during a period in which the electromotive force is being stored from current flowing through the rechargeable battery; calculating an electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount based on the stored electromotive force and the measured charging/discharging electricity amount; and calculating an electromotive force change amount (ΔVeq) that is a difference between the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount and the stored electromotive force; wherein the step of calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount includes calculating an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount based on the time-dependent voltage change amount and the electromotive force change amount in addition to the zero-current state voltage change amount. 10. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 9, wherein the step of calculating the time-dependent voltage change amount includes calculating a time-dependent voltage change amount by multiplying the stored polarization voltage by a polarization attenuation ratio that is a function of the storage time. 11. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 9, wherein the step of calculating the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount includes calculating, as the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount (Veq2), an electromotive force corresponding to a state of charge obtained by subtracting or adding the measured charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQm) from or to a state of charge corresponding to the stored electromotive force by referring to an electromotive force characteristic with respect to a state of charge of the rechargeable battery that is preset and is parameterized by a temperature. 12. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of: presetting an adjustment coefficient (Kb), which is determined depending on a physical property and a charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery, for the zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo); and presetting a polarization voltage generation constant (Kpol) that is a change amount of a polarization voltage for a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage area of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQe is calculated as a function of the zero-current state voltage change amount ΔVzo, the time-dependent voltage change amount ΔVbp(th), the electromotive force change amount ΔVeq, and the measured charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQm using the expression of ΔQe=Kb*(ΔVzo+ΔVbp(th))/(ΔVeq/ΔQm+Kpol). 13. An apparatus for estimating a charging/discharging electricity amount of a rechargeable battery, the apparatus comprising: a current measurement unit for measuring current flowing through the rechargeable battery as current data; a voltage measurement unit for measuring terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery as voltage data; a no-load voltage calculation unit for obtaining a plurality of data sets, each including current data from the current measurement unit and voltage data from the voltage measurement unit corresponding to the current data, and for calculating a no-load voltage that is a voltage intercept of a regression line at a zero-current state obtained through statistical processing using the plurality of data sets when a specific selection condition is satisfied; an open-circuit voltage calculation unit for calculating an open-circuit voltage from the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery when a specific current condition or voltage condition is satisfied continuously for a predetermined period of time; a zero-current state voltage calculation unit for calculating a zero-current state voltage (Vzo) from the no-load voltage or the open-circuit voltage, wherein the zero-current state voltage calculation unit selects the no-load voltage as the zero-current state voltage when the specific selection condition is satisfied or selects the open-circuit voltage as the zero-current state voltage when the specific condition is not satisfied but the specific current condition or voltage condition is satisfied for the certain period of time; a zero-current state voltage storage unit for storing the zero-current state voltage; a zero-current state voltage change amount calculation unit for calculating a zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo) during a period from when the zero-current state voltage is stored to when a zero-current state voltage is calculated subsequently; and an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit for calculating an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQe) of the rechargeable battery based on the zero-current state voltage change amount. 14. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising: a voltage change amount adjustment constant-adjustment coefficient setting unit for presetting a voltage change amount adjustment constant (ΔVbc) and a voltage change amount adjustment coefficient (Kb), which are determined depending on a physical property and a charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery, for the zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo); an electromotive force change constant setting unit for presetting an electromotive force change constant (Keq) that is a change amount of an electromotive force with respect to a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; and a polarization voltage generation constant setting unit for presetting a polarization voltage generation constant (Kpol) that is a change amount of a polarization voltage with respect to a change amount of a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit calculates the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQe as a function of the zero-current state voltage change amount ΔVzo using the expression of ΔQe=Kb*(ΔVzo+ΔVbc)/(Keq+Kpol). 15. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising: a polarization voltage calculation unit for calculating a polarization voltage (Vpol) of the rechargeable battery based on the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount; a polarization voltage storage unit for storing the polarization voltage calculated by the polarization voltage calculation unit; and a time-dependent voltage change amount calculation unit for calculating a time-dependent voltage change amount (ΔVbp(th)) based on the polarization voltage stored in the polarization voltage storage unit and a storage time of the polarization voltage; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit calculates the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount based on the time-dependent voltage change amount in addition to the zero-current state voltage change amount. 16. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the time-dependent voltage change amount calculation unit calculates the time-dependent voltage change amount by multiplying the polarization voltage stored in the polarization voltage storage unit by a polarization attenuation ratio that is a function of the storage time. 17. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising: a voltage change amount adjustment coefficient setting unit for presetting a voltage change amount adjustment coefficient (Kb), which is determined depending on a physical property and a charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery, for the zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo); an electromotive force change constant setting unit for presetting an electromotive force change constant (Keq) that is a change amount of an electromotive force with respect to a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; and a polarization voltage generation constant setting unit for presetting a polarization voltage generation constant (Kpol) that is a change amount of a polarization voltage with respect to a change amount of a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit calculates the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQe as a function of the zero-current state voltage change amount ΔVzo and the time-dependent voltage change amount ΔVbp(th) using the expression of ΔQe=Kb*(ΔVzo+ΔVbp(th))/(Keq+Kpol). 18. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising: a polarization voltage calculation unit for calculating a polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount; a first electromotive force calculation unit for calculating an electromotive force (Veq) of the rechargeable battery based on the zero-current state voltage stored in the zero-current state voltage storage unit and the polarization voltage calculated by the polarization voltage calculation unit; an electromotive force storage unit for storing the electromotive force calculated by the first electromotive force calculation unit; a measured charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit for calculating a measured charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQm) during a period in which the electromotive force is being stored in the electromotive force storage unit from current flowing through the rechargeable battery; a second electromotive force calculation unit for calculating an electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount (Veq2) based on the electromotive force stored in the electromotive force storage unit and the measured charging/discharging electricity amount; and an electromotive force change amount calculation unit for calculating an electromotive force change amount (ΔVeq) that is a difference between the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount and the electromotive force stored in the electromotive force storage unit; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit calculates the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount based on the electromotive force change amount in addition to the zero-current state voltage change amount. 19. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the second electromotive force calculation unit calculates, as the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount (Veq2), an electromotive force corresponding to a state of charge obtained by subtracting or adding the measured charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQm) from or to a state of charge corresponding to the electromotive force stored in the electromotive force storage unit by referring to an electromotive force characteristic with respect to a state of charge of the rechargeable battery that is prepared beforehand and is parameterized by a temperature. 20. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising: a voltage change amount adjustment constant-adjustment coefficient setting unit for presetting a voltage change amount adjustment constant (ΔVbc) and a voltage change amount adjustment coefficient (Kb), which are determined depending on a physical property and a charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery, for the zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo); and a polarization voltage generation constant setting unit for presetting a polarization voltage generation constant (Kpol) that is a change amount of a polarization voltage with respect to a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage region of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit calculates the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQe as a function of the zero-current state voltage change amount ΔVzo, the electromotive force change amount ΔVeq, and the measured charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQm using the expression of ΔQe=Kb*(ΔVzo+ΔVbc)/(ΔVeq/ΔQm+Kpol). 21. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising: a polarization voltage calculation unit for calculating a polarization voltage (Vpol) of the rechargeable battery based on the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount; a polarization voltage storage unit for storing the polarization voltage calculated by the polarization voltage calculation unit; a time-dependent voltage change amount calculation unit for calculating a time-dependent voltage change amount (ΔVbp(th)) based on the polarization voltage stored in the polarization voltage storage unit and a storage time; a first electromotive force calculation unit for calculating an electromotive force (Veq) of the rechargeable battery based on the zero-current state voltage stored in the zero-current state voltage storage unit and the polarization voltage stored in the polarization voltage storage unit; an electromotive force storage unit for storing the electromotive force calculated by the first electromotive force calculation unit; a measured charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit for calculating a measured charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQm) during a period in which the electromotive force is being stored in the electromotive force storage unit from current flowing through the rechargeable battery; a second electromotive force calculation unit for calculating an electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount (Veq2) based on the electromotive force stored in the electromotive force storage unit and the measured charging/discharging electricity amount; and an electromotive force change amount calculation unit for calculating an electromotive force change amount (ΔVeq) that is a difference between the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount and the electromotive force stored in the electromotive force storage unit; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit calculates the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount based on the time-dependent voltage change amount and the electromotive force change amount in addition to the zero-current state voltage change amount. 22. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the time-dependent voltage change amount calculation unit calculates the time-dependent voltage change amount by multiplying the polarization voltage stored in the polarization voltage storage unit by a polarization attenuation ratio that is a function of the storage time. 23. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the second electromotive force calculation unit calculates, as the electromotive force for calculating the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount (Veq2), an electromotive force corresponding to a state of charge obtained by subtracting or adding the measured charging/discharging electricity amount (ΔQm) from or to a state of charge corresponding to the electromotive force stored in the electromotive force storage unit by referring to an electromotive force characteristic with respect to a state of charge of the rechargeable battery that is prepared beforehand and is parameterized by a temperature. 24. The rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 21, further comprising: a voltage change amount adjustment coefficient setting unit for presetting an adjustment coefficient (Kb), which is determined depending on a physical property and a charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery, for the zero-current state voltage change amount (ΔVzo); and a polarization voltage generation constant setting unit for presetting a polarization voltage generation constant (Kpol) that is a change amount of a polarization voltage with respect to a charging/discharging electricity amount in a usage area of a state of charge and that is determined depending on the physical property and the charging/discharging state of the rechargeable battery; wherein the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculation unit calculates the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQe as a function of the zero-current state voltage change amount ΔVzo, the time-dependent voltage change amount ΔVbp(th), the electromotive force change amount ΔVeq, and the measured charging/discharging electricity amount ΔQm using the expression of ΔQe=Kb*(ΔVzo+ΔVbp(th))/(ΔVeq/ΔQm+Kpol). 25. A method for estimating a polarization voltage of a rechargeable battery, the method comprising the steps of: calculating an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount using the rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 1; and re-calculating a polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount. 26. A method for estimating a state of charge of a rechargeable battery, the method comprising the steps of: calculating an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount using the rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation method according to claim 1; and calculating a state of charge of the rechargeable battery based on the estimated charging/discharging electricity amount. 27. An apparatus for estimating a polarization voltage of a rechargeable battery, the apparatus comprising: a polarization voltage re-calculation unit for re-calculating a polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculated by the rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 13. 28. An apparatus for estimating a state of charge of a rechargeable battery, the apparatus comprising: a state-of-charge calculation unit for calculating a state of charge of the rechargeable battery based on an estimated charging/discharging electricity amount calculated by the rechargeable battery charging/discharging electricity amount estimation apparatus according to claim 13.
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