초록 ▼

Color is edited using a color representation including digital values B (brightness), e and ƒ such that B=√{square root over (D2+E2+F2)}, e=E/B, ƒ=F/B, where DEF is a linear color coordinate system. Alternatively, color is represented using digital values B, C (chroma) and H (hue), w

Color is edited using a color representation including digital values B (brightness), e and ƒ such that B=√{square root over (D2+E2+F2)}, e=E/B, ƒ=F/B, where DEF is a linear color coordinate system. Alternatively, color is represented using digital values B, C (chroma) and H (hue), where cos C=D/B and tan H=E/F. Brightness can be changed without a color shift by changing the B coordinate and leaving unchanged the other coordinates e and ƒ or C and H. Other image editing techniques and other features are also provided.

대표청구항 ▼

The invention claimed is: 1. A manufacture comprising computer-readable and computer-executable computer instructions operable to cause a computer system to perform a method comprising generating and/or editing digital data representing coordinates of a color S in a first coordinate system, wherein

The invention claimed is: 1. A manufacture comprising computer-readable and computer-executable computer instructions operable to cause a computer system to perform a method comprising generating and/or editing digital data representing coordinates of a color S in a first coordinate system, wherein the color S has tristimulus values T1, T2, and T3 in a second coordinate system, wherein the coordinates in the first coordinate system comprise coordinates S1, S2, S3, or are a linear transformation of the coordinates S1, S2, S3, wherein: (A) the coordinate S1 is defined by a value wherein g11, g22, g33, g12, g13, g23 are predefined constants, and g11, g22, g33 are not equal to zero, or (B) the coordinate S1 is defined by the value B and by a sign of a predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3. 2. The manufacture of claim 1 wherein generating and/or editing the digital data comprises: obtaining coordinates of the color S in a coordinate system other than the first coordinate system; and generating the value B and/or the coordinate S1 and/or the linear transform of the coordinates S1, S2, S3 from the coordinates of the color S in said coordinate system other than the first coordinate system. 3. The manufacture of claim 1 wherein generating and/or editing digital data comprises: obtaining data indicating a desired change in the value B; obtaining color coordinates in the first color coordinate system of a modified color whose coordinate S1 incorporates a change in the value B without changing T2/B and without changing T3/B. 4. The manufacture of claim 1 wherein the image comprises image portions p1, p2, . . . , wherein for each image portion p (p=p1, p2, . . . ), and the digital data represent coordinates of a color S(p) of the portion p in the first coordinate system; wherein generating and/or editing the digital data comprises, for at least one image portion pi which is one of p1, p2, . . . and whose respective color S(pi) has tristimulus values T1=T1(pi), T2=T2(pi), T3=T3(pj) in the second coordinate system and has a B value B(pi), obtaining color coordinates in the first color coordinate system of a modified color S*(pi) which has tristimulus values T1=T1*(pi), T2=T2* (pi), T3=T3*(pi) in the second coordinate system and has a B value B* (pi), such that: wherein: ƒ is a predefined strictly increasing non-identity function; and Bavg(pi) is a function of the B values of image portions in an image region R(pi) containing a plurality of image portions including the portion pi. 5. The manufacture of claim 4 wherein wherein ε is a positive constant other than 1, and Bavg is a weighted average of the brightness values of the image region R(pi). 6. The manufacture of claim 4 wherein each image portion is a pixel, and the image region R(pi) contains at most 30% of said pixels. 7. The manufacture of claim 4 wherein Bavg is a weighted average of the B values of the image region R(pi), and the sum of the weights is equal to 1. 8. The manufacture of claim 1 wherein: (C) a value cos S2 is defined by a value β(T1,T2,T3)/B, wherein β(T1,T2,T3 )=β1×T1+β2×T2 +β3×T3, wherein β1, β2, β3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, or the value cos S2 is defined by the value β(T1,T2,T3)/B and the sign of said predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3; (D) a value tan S3 is defined by a value γ(T1,T2,T3)/β(T1,T2 ,T3), wherein γ(T1,T2,T3 )=γ1×T1+γ2×T 2+γ3×T3, δ(T1,T2,T3 )=δ1×T1+δ2×T 2+δ3×T3, wherein γ1, γ2, γ3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, and δ1, δ2, δ3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, or the value tan S3 is defined by the value γ(T1,T2,T3)/δ(T1,T2 ,T3) and the sign of said predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3; wherein generating and/or editing the digital data comprises: obtaining data indicating a desired change in one of the values S2 or S3; obtaining color coordinates in the first color coordinate system of a modified color whose coordinate S2 incorporates said desired change but the coordinates S1 and S3 are unchanged, or whose coordinate S3 incorporates said desired change but the coordinates S1 and S2 are unchanged. 9. The manufacture of claim 1 wherein: (C) a value cos S2 is defined by a value β(T1,T2,T3)/B, wherein β(T1,T2,T3 )=β1×T1+β2×T2 +β3×T3, wherein β1, β2, β3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, or the value cos S2 is defined by the value β(T1,T2,T3)/B and the sign of said predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3; (D) a value tan S3 is defined by a value γ(T1,T2,T3)/δ(T1,T2 ,T3), wherein γ(T1,T2,T3 )=γ1×T1+γ2×T 2+γ3×T3, δ(T1,T2,T3 )=δ1×T1+δ2×T 2+δ3×T3, wherein γ1, γ2, γ3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, and δ1, δ2, δ3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, or the value tan S3 is defined by the value γ(T1,T2,T3)/δ(T1,T2 ,T3) and the sign of said predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3; wherein generating and/or editing the digital data comprises: obtaining data indicating a desired change in the value S3; obtaining color coordinates in the first color coordinate system of a modified color S* whose coordinate S3 incorporates said desired change, the coordinate S1 is unchanged, and the coordinate S2 is either unchanged or is changed not to exceed a predefined function of the changed coordinate S3. 10. The manufacture of claim 9 wherein the coordinate S2 of the color S* is equal to the coordinate S2 of the color S times the ratio of (i) a value of the predefined function for the coordinate S2 of the color S* to (ii) a value of the predefined function for the coordinate S2 of the color S. 11. The manufacture of claim 1 wherein: wherein α11, α12, α13, α21, α22, α23, α31, α32, α33 are predefined numbers such that the following matrix Λ is non-degenerate: 12. The manufacture of claim 11 wherein: (C) the coordinate S2 is defined by a value β(T1,T2,T3)/B, wherein β(T1,T2,T3 )=β1×T1+β2×T2 +β3×T3, wherein β1, β2, β3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, or the coordinate S2 is defined by the value β(T1,T2,T3)/B and the sign of said predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3; and (D) the coordinate S3 is defined by a value γ(T1,T2,T3)/B, wherein γ(T1,T2,T3 )=γ1×T1+γ2×T 2+γ3×T3, wherein γ1, γ2, γ3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, and γ(T1,T2,T3) is not a multiple of β(T1,T2,T3), or the coordinate S3 is defined by the value γ(T1,T2,T3)/B and the sign of said predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3. 13. The manufacture of claim 12 wherein β(T1,T2,T3) is one of α1(T1,T2,T3), α2(T1,T2,T3), α3(T1,T2,T3), and γ(T1,T2,T3) is another one of α1(T1,T2,T3), α2(T1,T2,T3), α3(T1,T2,T3). 14. The manufacture of claim 11 wherein: (C) a value cos S2 is defined by a value β(T1,T2,T3)/B, wherein β(T1,T2,T3 )=β1×T1+β2×T2 +β3×T3, wherein β1, β2, β3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, or the value cos S2 is defined by the value β(T1,T2,T3)/B and the sign of said predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3; (D) a value tan S3 is defined by a value γ(T1,T2,T3)/δ(T1,T2 ,T3), wherein γ(T1,T2,T3 )=γ1×T1+γ2×T 2+γ3×T3, δ(T1,T2,T3 )=δ1×T1+δ2×T 2+δ3×T3, wherein γ1, γ2, γ3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, and δ1, δ2, δ3 are predefined numbers at least one of which is not equal to zero, or the value tan S3 is defined by the value γ(T1,T2,T3)/δ(T1,T2 ,T3) and the sign of said predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3. 15. The manufacture of claim 14 wherein β(T1,T2,T3)=α1(T1, T2,T3); γ(T1,T2,T3) is one of α2(T1,T2,T3), α3(T1,T2,T3); and δ(T1,T2,T3) is the other one of α2(T1,T2,T3), α3(T1,T2,T3). 16. The manufacture of claim 11 wherein α1(T1,T2,T3), α2(T1,T2,T3), α3(T1,T2,T3) are tristimulus values corresponding to 70%-orthonormal color matching functions. 17. The manufacture of claim 16 wherein: the value T1 is one of values D, E, F, the value T2 is another one of D, E, F, and the value T3 is the third one of D, E, F, where where the matrix A has elements which, up to rounding, are as follows: where X, Y, Z are the coordinates of the color S in the CIE 1931 XYZ color coordinate system for a 2° field; wherein up to a constant multiple, Λ is a 70%-orthonormal matrix. 18. A manufacture comprising computer-readable and computer-executable computer instructions operable to cause a computer system to perform a method comprising image editing, the method comprising: (1) obtaining digital data for image portions p1, p2, . . . , wherein for each image portion p (p=p1, p2, . . . ), the digital data represent a brightness B(p) of the portion p; (2) for at least one image portion pi which is one of p1, p2, . . . , obtaining a brightness B* of a modified image, such that: wherein: ƒ is a predefined strictly increasing non-identity function; and Bavg(pi) is a function of the brightness values B(pj) of image portions pj in an image region R(pi) containing the portion pi. 19. The manufacture of claim 18 wherein each image portion is a pixel, and the image region R(pi) contains at most 30% of said pixels. 20. The manufacture of claim 18 wherein Bavg is a weighted average of the B values of the image region R(pi), and the sum of the weights is equal to 1. 21. The manufacture of claim 18 wherein wherein ε is a positive constant other than 1, and Bavg is a weighted average of the brightness values of the image region R(pi). 22. A manufacture comprising computer-readable digital data representing coordinates of a color S in a first coordinate system, wherein the color S has tristimulus values T1, T2, and T3 in a second coordinate system, wherein the coordinates in the first coordinate system comprise coordinates S1, S2, S3, or are a linear transformation of the coordinates S1, S2, S3, wherein: (A) the coordinate S1 is defined by a value wherein g11, g22, g33, g12, g13, g23 are predefined constants, and g11, g22, g33 are not equal to zero, or (B) the coordinate S1 is defined by the value B and by a sign of a predefined function of one or more of T1, T2, T3. 23. A manufacture comprising computer-readable digital data representing coordinates of a color S in a first coordinate system, wherein the color S has tristimulus values T1, T2, and T3 in a second coordinate system, wherein the coordinates in the first coordinate system comprise coordinates S1, S2, S3, or are a linear transformation of the coordinates S1, S2, S3, wherein S1 is a non-linear function of one or more of T1, T2, T3, wherein multiplication of all of the tristimulus values T1, T2 and T3 by any number in the second coordinate system corresponds to multiplying the coordinate S1 by the same number in the first coordinate system while leaving S2 and S3 unchanged.