IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
UP-0623153
(2007-01-15)
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등록번호 |
US-7640745
(2010-02-11)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
Downs Rachlin Martin PLLC
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
5 인용 특허 :
15 |
초록
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A high-pressure system and method utilizing an input fluid. The system includes a reactor treating a material to produce an effluent having an energy content, a plurality of stages compressing the input fluid in a stepwise manner providing a high-pressure reactor input stream to the reactor, and a c
A high-pressure system and method utilizing an input fluid. The system includes a reactor treating a material to produce an effluent having an energy content, a plurality of stages compressing the input fluid in a stepwise manner providing a high-pressure reactor input stream to the reactor, and a cascading effluent energy recovery system mechanically communicating with the plurality of stages. The cascading effluent energy recovery system imparts a portion of the energy content of the effluent into each of the plurality of stages powering that stage. The method includes receiving an input fluid, compressing the input fluid over a plurality of stages producing the high-pressure stream, providing the high-pressure stream to the reactor, recovering a portion of the energy content of the effluent at each of the plurality of stages, and using each the portion of the energy in compressing the input fluid at a corresponding respective stage.
대표청구항
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What is claimed is: 1. A system utilizing an input fluid, comprising: a continuous reaction reactor for converting an input material using the input fluid so as to produce an effluent having an energy content of a first energy type; and a plurality of compression stages, located in series with one
What is claimed is: 1. A system utilizing an input fluid, comprising: a continuous reaction reactor for converting an input material using the input fluid so as to produce an effluent having an energy content of a first energy type; and a plurality of compression stages, located in series with one another, for compressing the input fluid in a stepwise manner so as to provide a pressurized reactor input stream to said continuous reaction reactor; a cascading effluent energy recovery system mechanically communicating with each of said plurality of compression stages, said cascading effluent energy recovery system for imparting a first portion of said energy content of said effluent into each of said plurality of compression stages so as to power that one of said plurality of compression stages; and a bootstrap bypass extending from said plurality of compression stages to said cascading effluent energy recovery system so as to bypass said continuous reaction reactor and provide a compressed version of said input fluid directly to said cascading effluent energy recovery system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of fewer than all of said plurality of compression stages includes an energy converting device for selectively powering that one of said plurality of compression stages during periods of insufficient power from said cascading effluent energy recovery system or converting an excess of said portion of said energy content into a second energy type different from said first energy type during periods of excess power from said cascading effluent energy recovery system. 3. The system of claim 2 wherein said energy converting device directly selectively powers said one of said plurality of compression stages. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein said energy converting device comprises a motor/generator. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of compression stages includes a corresponding respective plurality of compressors and said cascading effluent energy recovery system includes a plurality of expansion turbines for respectively driving said plurality of compressors. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein each of fewer than all of said plurality of compression stages includes an energy converting device for selectively powering the corresponding one of said plurality of compressors during periods of insufficient power from the corresponding one of said plurality of expansion turbines or converting an excess of said portion of said energy content into a second energy type different from said first energy type during periods of excess power from the corresponding one of said plurality of expansion turbines. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein said energy converting device comprises a motor/generator. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of compression stages includes at least three compression stages. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger fluidly located between successive ones of said plurality of compression stages, said heat exchanger for removing heat from the input fluid. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein said bootstrap bypass includes a valve for controlling flow of said compressed version of said input fluid. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of compression stages includes a latter stage upstream of said continuous reaction reactor, said latter stage having a latter stage compressor and said cascading effluent energy recovery system having a latter stage expansion turbine for driving said latter stage compressor, said bootstrap bypass extending from a bypass tap in said plurality of compression stages prior to said latter stage to said latter stage expansion turbine. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a heat exchanger located between said bypass tap and said latter stage compressor. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of compression stages includes a latter stage immediately upstream of said continuous reaction reactor, said latter stage having first and second latter stage compressors in series with one another, and said cascading effluent energy recovery system having a latter stage expansion turbine for driving said first and second latter stage compressors, said bootstrap bypass extending from a bypass tap in said first latter stage compressor to said latter stage expansion turbine. 14. The system of claim 13, further including a valve located in said bootstrap bypass for controlling flow of the input fluid to said latter stage expansion turbine. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein said bootstrap bypass includes a heat exchanger having a heat-exchanger input from said first latter stage compressor, said heat exchanger for removing heat from said heat-exchanger input so as to produce a cooled output. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a secondary line for providing at least a portion of said cooled output to said second latter stage compressor. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein said continuous reaction reactor comprises a supercritical water oxidation reactor. 18. A system utilizing an input fluid, comprising: a reactor for converting a material using the input fluid so as to produce an effluent having an energy content of a first energy type; a first early compression stage comprising: a first early stage compressor for compressing the input fluid; a first early stage expansion turbine for recovering a first portion of said energy content of said effluent, said first early stage expansion turbine mechanically linked to said first early stage compressor for at least partially driving said first compressor; and a first motor/generator mechanically linked to each of said first early stage compressor and said first early stage expansion turbine, said first motor/generator selectively powering said first early stage compressor during periods of insufficient power from said first early stage expansion turbine and converting an excess of said energy content into electricity during periods of excess power from said first early stage expansion turbine; a latter compression stage located downstream from said first early compression stage and upstream from said reactor, said latter compression stage comprising: a latter stage compressor for further compressing the input fluid; and a latter stage expansion turbine for recovering a second portion of said energy content of said effluent, said latter stage expansion turbine mechanically linked to said latter stage compressor for driving said latter stage compressor; and a bootstrap bypass extending from a bypass tap located upstream from said latter stage compressor to said latter stage expansion turbine for providing at least a portion of the input fluid to said latter stage expansion turbine. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein said reactor comprises a continuous self-sustaining chemical process reactor for converting a continuous feed of said input material in a continuous reaction. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein said continuous reaction reactor comprises a supercritical water oxidation reactor. 21. The system of claim 18, wherein said reactor comprises a pulsed reactor for converting an intermittent feed of the input material in a pulse reaction. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein said reactor comprises an internal combustion engine. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein said reactor comprises a diesel engine. 24. The system of claim 18, further including a second early compression stage located downstream of said first early compression stage and upstream of said latter compression stage, said second early compression stage comprising: a second early stage compressor for further compressing the input fluid relative to said first compressor; a second early stage expansion turbine for recovering a third portion of said energy content of said effluent, said second early stage expansion turbine mechanically linked to said second early stage compressor for at least partially driving said second early stage compressor; and a second motor/generator mechanically linked to each of said second early stage compressor and said second early stage expansion turbine, said second motor/generator selectively powering said second early stage compressor during periods of insufficient power from said second early stage expansion turbine or converting an excess of said energy content into electricity during periods of excess power from said second early stage expansion turbine. 25. The system of claim 18, further comprising at least one heat exchanger located downstream from said first early stage compressor and upstream from said latter stage compressor, said at least one heat exchanger for removing heat from the input fluid following compression of the input fluid. 26. The system of claim 18, wherein said bootstrap bypass including a balancing valve for controlling flow of the input fluid from said bypass tap to said latter stage expansion turbine. 27. The system of claim 18, further comprising a heat exchanger located downstream from said bypass tap and upstream from said latter stage compressor. 28. The system of claim 18, wherein said latter stage includes an additional compressor in series with said latter stage compressor, said latter stage expansion turbine driving said latter stage compressor and said additional compressor and said bootstrap bypass extending from said bypass tap in said additional compressor to said latter stage expansion turbine. 29. The system of claim 18, further including a balancing valve located in said bootstrap bypass upstream from said latter stage expansion turbine for controlling flow of the input fluid to said latter stage expansion turbine. 30. A method of providing a pressurized stream of an input fluid to a continuous reaction reactor so as to produce a non-pulsed effluent having an energy content, comprising: receiving an input fluid; compressing said input fluid over a plurality of compression stages so as to produce the pressurized stream; providing the pressurized stream to the continuous reaction reactor; recovering a portion of the energy content of the effluent at each of said plurality of compression stages; and using each said portion of the energy content in compressing said input fluid at a corresponding respective one of said plurality of compression stages; wherein said series of compression stages comprises a latter stage that includes a latter stage expansion turbine for driving a latter stage compressor, the method further comprising bootstrap bypassing at least a portion of said input fluid past said reactor to said latter stage expansion turbine so as to at least partially drive said latter stage compressor. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the step of recovering a portion of the energy content of the effluent at each of said plurality of compression stages includes passing at least a portion of the effluent through an expansion turbine. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the step of compressing said input fluid over a plurality of compression stages includes passing said input fluid through a series of compressors, said expansion turbine at each of said plurality of compression stages at least partially driving a corresponding one of said series of compressors. 33. The method of claim 30, further comprising a step of supplementing said portion of the energy content of the effluent at each of fewer than all of said plurality of compression stages with additional power for compressing said input fluid or converting an excess of said portion of the energy content into another form of energy. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of supplementing or recovering includes, respectively, externally powering an electric motor/generator and driving said motor/generator with said excess. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of recovering a portion of the energy content of the effluent at each of said plurality of compression stages includes passing at least a portion of the effluent through an expansion turbine. 36. The method according to claim 30, further comprising a step of removing heat from said input fluid after one or more of said plurality of compression stages. 37. A method of providing a pressurized stream of an input fluid to a reactor so as to produce an effluent having an energy content, comprising: receiving an input fluid; compressing said input fluid over a plurality of compression stages so as to produce the pressurized stream; providing a first portion of the pressurized stream to a reactor; bootstrap bypassing the reactor with a second portion of the pressurized stream; recovering a portion of the energy content of the effluent at each of said plurality of compression stages; using each said portion of the energy content in compressing said input fluid at a corresponding respective one of said plurality of compression stages; and supplementing said portion of the energy content at at least one of said plurality of compression stages with additional energy to supplement the compressing of said input fluid; wherein said supplementing includes allowing the second portion of the pressurized stream in a latter-stage expansion turbine to expand so as to supplement the compressing of said input fluid in a latter-stage compressor of said plurality of compression stages that is mechanically linked to said latter-stage expansion turbine. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of supplementing said portion of the energy content includes using an electric motor. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of providing the pressurized stream to a reactor comprises providing the pressurized stream to a continuous reaction reactor. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the step of providing the pressurized stream to a reactor comprises providing the pressurized stream to a supercritical water oxidation reactor. 41. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of providing the pressurized stream to a reactor comprises providing the pressurized stream to a pulse reaction reactor. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the step of providing the pressurized stream to a reactor comprises providing the pressurized stream to an internal combustion engine. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the step of providing the pressurized stream to a reactor comprises providing the pressurized stream to a diesel engine.
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