A medical device includes a rechargeable lithium-ion battery for providing power to the medical device. The lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode including a current collector and a first active material, a negative electrode including a current collector and a second active material, an
A medical device includes a rechargeable lithium-ion battery for providing power to the medical device. The lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode including a current collector and a first active material, a negative electrode including a current collector and a second active material, and an auxiliary electrode including a current collector and a third active material. The auxiliary electrode is configured for selective electrical connection to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The first active material, second active material, and third active material are configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium ions. The third active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material.
대표청구항▼
What is claimed is: 1. A medical device comprising: a rechargeable lithium-ion battery for providing power to the medical device, the lithium-ion battery comprising: a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material; a negative electrode comprising a current collector
What is claimed is: 1. A medical device comprising: a rechargeable lithium-ion battery for providing power to the medical device, the lithium-ion battery comprising: a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material; a negative electrode comprising a current collector and a second active material; and an auxiliary electrode comprising a current collector and a third active material, the auxiliary electrode adapted for repeated electrical connection to the positive and negative electrodes, but the auxiliary electrode being connected to only one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode at any one point in time and when selectively connected; wherein the first active material, second active material, and third active material are configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium-ions; and wherein the third active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material. 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the medical device is configured for implantation into a body of a patient. 3. The medical device of claim 2, wherein a portion of the medical device including the lithium-ion battery is implanted into the body of the patient, wherein the lithium-ion battery may be charged without removing the battery from the body of the patient. 4. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device comprises a neurological stimulation device. 5. The medical device of claim 4, wherein the neurological stimulation device is configured to provide a therapeutic treatment to a patient by electrically stimulating a portion of at least one of a patient's brain and a patient's spine. 6. The medical device of claim 5, wherein the neurological stimulation device is programmed to selectively provide a plurality of therapeutic treatments to a patient. 7. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device is selected from the group consisting of a cardiac defibrillator, a cardiac pacemaker, a cardiac contractility modulator, a cardioverter, a drug administration device, a cochlear implant, a hearing aid, a sensor, a telemetry device, and a diagnostic recorder. 8. The medical device of claim 7, wherein the device is an implantable cardiac defibrillator for providing a therapeutic high voltage treatment to a patient. 9. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode is provided such that it is electrically isolated from the positive electrode and the negative electrode within the battery. 10. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to be selectively electrically connected to and disconnected from one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode using a mechanism provided external to the battery. 11. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to be selectively electrically connected to and disconnected from one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode using a diode. 12. The medical device of claim 11, wherein the battery is configured to electrically connect the auxiliary electrode to the negative electrode when the potential of the negative electrode exceeds the potential of the auxiliary electrode by a predetermined value. 13. The medical device of claim 11, wherein the battery is configured to electrically connect the auxiliary electrode to the positive electrode when the potential of the positive electrode falls below the potential of the auxiliary electrode by a predetermined value. 14. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to be selectively electrically connected to and disconnected from one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode using a switch. 15. The medical device of claim 14, wherein the switch is configured to selectively electrically connect the auxiliary electrode when the difference in voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode falls below a predetermined value. 16. The medical device of claim 14, wherein the switch is configured to selectively electrically disconnect the auxiliary electrode when the difference in voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode exceeds a predetermined value. 17. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured for selective electrical coupling to the negative electrode. 18. The medical device of claim 17, further comprising a source of lithium in electrical contact with the auxiliary electrode. 19. The medical device of claim 18, wherein the source of lithium comprises at least one of a lithium patch and powdered lithium. 20. The medical device of claim 17, wherein the third active material comprises electrochemically active lithium. 21. The medical device of claim 20, wherein the third active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of LiMn2O4, LixVO2, LiMxMn(2-x)O4 (where M is a metal), and combinations thereof. 22. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured for selective electrical connection to the positive electrode. 23. The medical device of claim 22, wherein the third active material does not include electrochemically active lithium. 24. The medical device of claim 23, wherein second active material comprises a lithium titanate material. 25. The medical device of claim 23, further comprising a source of lithium in electrical contact with the negative electrode. 26. The medical device of claim 25, wherein the source of lithium comprises at least one of a lithium patch and powdered lithium. 27. The medical device of claim 26, wherein the source of lithium is configured to provide a lithium capacity for the negative electrode sufficient to at least compensate for irreversible loss of capacity of the negative electrode. 28. The medical device of claim 23, wherein the third active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of V2O5, V6O13, V3O8, MoO3, TiS2, WO2, MoO2, RuO2, and combinations thereof. 29. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the first active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO2, a material having the form LiCoxNi(1-x)O2, a material having the form LiCoxMnyNizO2, and a material having the form LiNixCoyAlzO2. 30. The medical device of claim 1, further comprising a polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode. 31. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh. 32. A medical device comprising: a rechargeable lithium-ion battery for providing power to the medical device, the lithium-ion battery comprising: a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material; a negative electrode comprising a current collector and a second active material; and an auxiliary electrode comprising a current collector and a third active material, the auxiliary electrode configured for repeated, selective electrical connections to the negative electrode when the potential of the negative electrode exceeds the potential of the auxiliary electrode by a predetermined value, the third active material providing excess capacity to the negative electrode when the auxiliary electrode is electrically connected to the negative electrode; wherein the first active material, second active material, and third active material are configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium-ions; and wherein the third active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material. 33. The medical device of claim 32, wherein at least a portion of the medical device is configured for implantation into a body of a patient. 34. The medical device of claim 33, wherein a portion of the medical device including the lithium-ion battery is implanted into the body of the patient, wherein the lithium-ion battery may be charged without removing the battery from the body of the patient. 35. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the medical device comprises a neurological stimulation device. 36. The medical device of claim 35, wherein the neurological stimulation device is configured to provide a therapeutic treatment to a patient by electrically stimulating a portion of at least one of a patient's brain and a patient's spine. 37. The medical device of claim 36, wherein the neurological stimulation device is programmed to selectively provide a plurality of therapeutic treatments to a patient. 38. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the medical device is selected from the group consisting of a cardiac defibrillator, a cardiac pacemaker, a cardiac contractility modulator, a cardioverter, a drug administration device, a cochlear implant, a hearing aid, a sensor, a telemetry device, and a diagnostic recorder. 39. The medical device of claim 38, wherein the device is an implantable cardiac defibrillator for providing a therapeutic high voltage treatment to a patient. 40. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the auxiliary electrode is provided such that it is electrically isolated from the positive electrode and the negative electrode within the battery. 41. The medical device of claim 40, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to be selectively electrically connected to and disconnected from the negative electrode using a mechanism provided external to the battery. 42. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to be selectively electrically connected to and disconnected from the negative electrode using a diode. 43. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to be selectively electrically connected to and disconnected from the negative electrode using a switch. 44. The medical device of claim 43, wherein the switch is configured to selectively electrically connect the auxiliary electrode when the difference in voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode falls below a predetermined value. 45. The medical device of claim 43, wherein the switch is configured to selectively electrically disconnect the auxiliary electrode when the difference in voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode exceeds a predetermined value. 46. The medical device of claim 32, further comprising a source of lithium in electrical contact with the auxiliary electrode. 47. The medical device of claim 46, wherein the source of lithium comprises at least one of a lithium patch and powdered lithium. 48. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the third active material comprises electrochemically active lithium. 49. The medical device of claim 48, wherein the third active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of LiMn2O4, LixVO2, LiMxMn(2-x)O4 (where M is a metal), and combinations thereof. 50. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the first active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO2, a material having the form LiCoxNi(1-x)O2, a material having the form LiCoxMnyNizO2, and a material having the form LiNixCoyAlzO2. 51. The medical device of claim 32, further comprising a polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode. 52. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh. 53. A medical device comprising: a rechargeable lithium-ion battery for providing power to the medical device, the lithium-ion battery comprising: a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material; a negative electrode comprising a current collector and a second active material; and an auxiliary electrode comprising a current collector and a third active material, the auxiliary electrode configured for repeated, selective electrical connections to the positive electrode when the potential of the positive electrode falls below the potential of the auxiliary electrode by a predetermined value, the third active material providing excess capacity to the positive electrode when the auxiliary electrode is electrically connected to the positive electrode; wherein the first active material, second active material, and third active material are configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium-ions; and wherein the third active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material. 54. The medical device of claim 53, wherein at least a portion of the medical device is configured for implantation into a body of a patient. 55. The medical device of claim 54, wherein a portion of the medical device including the lithium-ion battery is implanted into the body of the patient, wherein the lithium-ion battery may be charged without removing the battery from the body of the patient. 56. The medical device of claim 53, wherein the medical device comprises a neurological stimulation device. 57. The medical device of claim 56, wherein the neurological stimulation device is configured to provide a therapeutic treatment to a patient by electrically stimulating a portion of at least one of a patient's brain and a patient's spine. 58. The medical device of claim 57, wherein the neurological stimulation device is programmed to selectively provide a plurality of therapeutic treatments to a patient. 59. The medical device of claim 53, wherein the medical device is selected from the group consisting of a cardiac defibrillator, a cardiac pacemaker, a cardiac contractility modulator, a cardioverter, a drug administration device, a cochlear implant, a hearing aid, a sensor, a telemetry device, and a diagnostic recorder. 60. The medical device of claim 59, wherein the device is an implantable cardiac defibrillator for providing a therapeutic high voltage treatment to a patient. 61. The medical device of claim 53, wherein the auxiliary electrode is provided such that it is electrically isolated from the positive electrode and the negative electrode within the battery. 62. The medical device of claim 61, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to be selectively electrically connected to and disconnected from the positive electrode using a mechanism provided external to the battery. 63. The medical device of claim 53, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to be selectively electrically connected to and disconnected from the positive electrode using a diode. 64. The medical device of claim 53, wherein the battery is configured to electrically connect the auxiliary electrode to the positive electrode when the potential of the positive electrode falls below the potential of the auxiliary electrode by a predetermined value. 65. The medical device of claim 53, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to be selectively electrically connected to and disconnected from the positive electrode using a switch. 66. The medical device of claim 65, wherein the switch is configured to selectively electrically connect the auxiliary electrode when the difference in voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode falls below a predetermined value. 67. The medical device of claim 65, wherein the switch is configured to selectively electrically disconnect the auxiliary electrode when the difference in voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode exceeds a predetermined value. 68. The medical device of claim 53, wherein the third active material does not include electrochemically active lithium. 69. The medical device of claim 68, wherein second active material comprises a lithium titanate material. 70. The medical device of claim 68, further comprising a source of lithium in electrical contact with the negative electrode. 71. The medical device of claim 70, wherein the source of lithium comprises at least one of a lithium patch and powdered lithium. 72. The medical device of claim 71, wherein the source of lithium is configured to provide a lithium capacity for the negative electrode sufficient to at least compensate for irreversible loss of capacity of the negative electrode. 73. The medical device of claim 68, wherein the third active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of V2O5, V6O13, V3O8, MoO3, TiS2, WO2, MoO2, RuO2, and combinations thereof. 74. The medical device of claim 53, wherein the first active material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO2, a material having the form LiCoxNi(1-x)O2, a material having the form LiCoxMnyNizO2, and a material having the form LiNixCoyAlzO2. 75. The medical device of claim 53, further comprising a polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode. 76. The medical device of claim 53, wherein the battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh.
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