IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
UP-0326657
(2006-01-06)
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등록번호 |
US-7645324
(2010-02-22)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Rode, Edward J.
- Boulet, Andre J. J.
- Pelman, Aaron M.
- Babicki, Matthew L.
- Keefer, Bowie G.
- Sawada, James A.
- Alizadeh-Khiavi, Soheil
- Roy, Surajit
- Gibbs, Andrea C.
- Kuznicki, Steven M.
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
32 인용 특허 :
22 |
초록
▼
Improved adsorbent sheet based parallel passage adsorbent structures for enhancing the kinetic selectivity of certain kinetic-controlled adsorption processes, such as PSA, TSA and PPSA processes, and combinations thereof, are provided. The enhancements in kinetic selectivity made possible through th
Improved adsorbent sheet based parallel passage adsorbent structures for enhancing the kinetic selectivity of certain kinetic-controlled adsorption processes, such as PSA, TSA and PPSA processes, and combinations thereof, are provided. The enhancements in kinetic selectivity made possible through the implementation of the present inventive improved adsorbent structures may unexpectedly enable significant intensification of selected kinetic adsorption processes relative to attainable performance with conventional adsorbent materials in beaded or extruded form. Such process intensification enabled by the present inventive adsorbent structures may provide for increased adsorption cycle frequencies, and increased gas flow velocities within the adsorbent beds, which may increase the productivity and/or recovery of a kinetic adsorption system incorporating the inventive adsorbent structures.
대표청구항
▼
We claim: 1. A multi-layer parallel passage adsorbent structure for use in an adsorptive separation between at least a first more rapidly adsorbed gas component and a second less rapidly adsorbed gas component comprising: an adsorbent structure having a tortuosity of 2.5>t>1.0, the adsorb
We claim: 1. A multi-layer parallel passage adsorbent structure for use in an adsorptive separation between at least a first more rapidly adsorbed gas component and a second less rapidly adsorbed gas component comprising: an adsorbent structure having a tortuosity of 2.5>t>1.0, the adsorbent structure comprising a plurality of adsorbent sheets comprising at least one adsorbent material, the adsorbent material being coated on each of the plurality of sheets and having an adsorbent layer thickness X, the at least one adsorbent material comprising particles having a radius rc, micropores of from about 0.0002 μm to about 0.0005 μm, and an ideal kinetic selectivity S0 between the first and second components, wherein the thickness X and the adsorbent particle radius rc are selected to maximize the value of an effective kinetic selectivity S of the adsorbent structure, the adsorptive separation having a cycle period T, such that T is in the range between about 10 tcA<T<2 tcB with tcA and tcB being time constants for diffusion of the first more rapidly adsorbed gas component and the second less rapidly adsorbed gas component, respectively; and spacing means between the multiplicity of adsorbent sheets to define flow channels between adjacent adsorbent sheets. 2. The adsorbent structure according to claim 1 wherein the rapid cycle kinetic-controlled adsorptive separation is a rapid cycle kinetic-controlled PSA separation. 3. The adsorbent structure according to claim 2 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0, is at least 0.75. 4. The adsorbent structure according to claim 2 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.80. 5. The adsorbent structure according to claim 2 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.9. 6. The adsorbent structure according to claim 2 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.95. 7. The adsorbent structure according to claim 2 wherein the at least one adsorbent material comprises a zeolitic silicate molecular sieve, the first more rapidly adsorbed gas component comprises carbon dioxide, and the second less rapidly adsorbed gas component comprises methane. 8. The adsorbent structure according to claim 2 wherein the at least one adsorbent material comprises a zeolitic silicate molecular sieve, the first more rapidly adsorbed gas component comprises nitrogen, and the second less rapidly adsorbed gas component comprises methane. 9. The adsorbent structure according to claim 7 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0, is at least 0.75. 10. The adsorbent structure according to claim 7 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.80. 11. The adsorbent structure according to claim 7 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.9. 12. The adsorbent structure according to claim 7 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.95. 13. The adsorbent structure according to claim 8 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0, is at least 0.75. 14. The adsorbent structure according to claim 8 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.80. 15. The adsorbent structure according to claim 8 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.9. 16. The adsorbent structure according to claim 8 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.95. 17. The adsorbent structure according to claim 1 where the adsorbent is selected from titanosilicate, silica, alumina, chabazite, zeolite A, microporous molecular sieves having an 8-membered pore ring, Bergbau-Forschung CMS, and combinations thereof. 18. The adsorbent structure according to claim 1 where the micropores are narrowed by hydrothermal treatment, silanation, an overlay coating, or a micropore-selective material. 19. The adsorbent structure according to claim 18 where the micropore selective material is a chabazite. 20. The adsorbent structure according to claim 19 where the chabazite is AIPO-34. 21. The adsorbent structure according to claim 18 where the micropores are narrowed from a first size greater than 0.0005 microns to a second size within a range of from 0.0002 microns to 0.0005 microns. 22. The adsorbent structure according to claim 18 where the micropores are narrowed from a first size within a range of from 0.0002 microns to 0.0005 microns to a second smaller pore size. 23. The adsorbent structure according to claim 18 where the adsorbent material is a titanosilicate and the micropores are narrowed by dehydration. 24. The adsorbent structure according to claim 18 where the adsorbent material is a titanosilicate and the micropores are narrowed by hydrothermal treatment. 25. A rapid cycle rotary PSA devices comprising: at least one rotary valve with at least one adsorbent structure that can be operated at a cycle frequency selected to enable a rapid cycle kinetic separation; the adsorbent structure having a tortuosity of 2.5>t>1.0, the adsorbent structure comprising a multi-layer parallel passage adsorbent structure adapted for implementing a rapid cycle kinetic-controlled adsorptive separation between at least a first more rapidly adsorbed gas component and a second less rapidly adsorbed gas component, such adsorbent structure comprising a plurality of adsorbent sheets comprising at least one adsorbent material the adsorbent material being coated on each of the plurality of adsorbent sheets and having an adsorbent layer thickness X, the at least one adsorbent material layer comprising particles of the at least one adsorbent material having an ideal kinetic selectivity S0 between the first and second components, the particles having an adsorbent particle radius rc, micropores of from about 0.0002 μm to about 0.0005 μm, and wherein the adsorbent layer thickness X and adsorbent particle radius rc are selected to maximize the value of an effective kinetic selectivity S of the adsorbent structure for implementing the rapid-cycle kinetic-controlled adsorptive separation, relative to the ideal kinetic selectivity S0 of the at least one adsorbent material, and wherein the adsorptive separation has a cycle period T, such that T is in the range between about 10 tcA<T<2 tcB wherein tcA and tcB are time constants for diffusion of the first more rapidly adsorbed gas component and the second less rapidly adsorbed gas component, respectively, the plurality of adsorbent sheets being separated by spacing means to define flow channels therebetween. 26. The adsorbent structure according to claim 25 wherein the rapid cycle kinetic-controlled adsorptive separation is a rapid cycle kinetic-controlled PSA separation. 27. The adsorbent structure according to claim 26 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0, is at least 0.75. 28. The adsorbent structure according to claim 26 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.80. 29. The adsorbent structure according to claim 26 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.9. 30. The adsorbent structure according to claim 26 wherein the value of the ratio of the effective kinetic selectivity of the adsorbent structure to the ideal kinetic selectivity of the at least one adsorbent material, S/S0 is at least 0.95. 31. A method for performing a kinetic adsorptive separation to separate at least a first more rapidly adsorbed gas component from a second less rapidly adsorbed gas component in a gas mixture comprising the first and second components, the method comprising: feeding a feed fluid comprising the gas mixture to an adsorptive separation apparatus housing an adsorbent structure having a tortuosity of 2.5>t>1.0, the adsorbent structure comprising a plurality of adsorbent sheets and at least one adsorbent material, the adsorbent material being coated on each of the plurality of adsorbent sheets, and having a material layer thickness X, the at least one adsorbent layer comprising particles of the at least one adsorbent material having a radius rc, micropores of from about 0.0002 μm to about 0.0005 μm, and an ideal kinetic selectivity S0 between the first and second components, wherein the thickness X and the adsorbent particle radius rc are selected to maximize the value of an effective kinetic selectivity S of the adsorbent structure, and spacing means between the multiplicity of adsorbent sheets to define flow channels between adjacent adsorbent sheets; and operating the device to provide a cycle period T selected to enable a kinetic separation of the first gas component from the second gas component such that T is in the range between 10 tcA<T<2 tcB wherein tcA and tcB are time constants for diffusion of the first more rapidly adsorbed gas component and the second less rapidly adsorbed gas component, respectively. 32. The method according to claim 31 where the device is a pressure swing adsorption device. 33. The method according to claim 31 where the device is a temperature swing device. 34. A method for kinetically separating a first more rapidly adsorbed fluid from a second less rapidly adsorbed fluid in a fluid mixture, comprising: selecting a suitable adsorbent material having a selected particle radius for preferentially kinetically adsorbing the first fluid; providing an adsorbent laminate structure having a tortuosity of 2.5>t>1.0, the adsorbent laminate structure comprising an adsorbent material, the adsorbent material being coated onto a sheet in a material layer having a material layer thickness suitable for preferentially kinetically adsorbing the first fluid, the adsorbent material comprising adsorbent material particles having a radius rc and micropores of from about 0.0002 μm to about 0.0005 μm; feeding the gas mixture to an adsorptive separation device housing the adsorbent laminate structure; selecting a cycle speed for kinetically separating the first fluid from the second fluid; and operating the device at the selected cycle speed to separate the first fluid from the second fluid. 35. The method according to claim 34, where the absorbent material is selected from titanosilicates, chabazites, crystalline microporous molecular sieves having pores defined by 8-membered rings, and combinations thereof. 36. The method according to claim 34, where the absorbent material is selected from zeolite A, AlPO-34, AlPO-18, ETS-4, and combinations thereof. 37. The method accord to claim 34 where the fluid mixture comprises methane and nitrogen. 38. The method accord to claim 34 where the fluid mixture comprises methane and carbon dioxide. 39. The method accord to claim 34 where the fluid mixture comprises methane and hydrogen. 40. The method accord to claim 34 where the fluid mixture comprises a hydrocarbon. 41. The method accord to claim 34 where the fluid mixture comprises an olefin and a paraffin. 42. The method accord to claim 34 where the fluid mixture comprises propylene and propane. 43. The method according to claim 34 where the first more rapidly adsorbed fluid and the second less rapidly adsorbed fluid have a diffusion time constant sufficiently different to allow a kinetic separation. 44. A kinetic separation method, comprising: feeding a gas mixture comprising propylene and propane, where propylene and propane have diffusion time constants sufficiently different to allow a kinetic separation, to a pressure swing adsorption apparatus comprising at least one rotary valve and at least one multi-layer parallel passage adsorbent structure adapted for implementing a rapid cycle kinetic-controlled adsorptive separation, the adsorbent structure having a tortuosity of 2.5>t>1.0 and comprising a plurality of adsorbent sheets comprising at least one adsorbent material, the adsorbent material being coated on each of the plurality of sheets and having an adsorbent layer thickness of greater than 5 μm and less than 150 μm, the at least one adsorbent material layer comprising particles of the at least one adsorbent material having an ideal kinetic selectivity S0 between the first and second components, the particles having an adsorbent particle radius rc, and micropores of from about 0.0002 μm to about 0.0005 μm, the plurality of adsorbent sheets being separated by spacing means to define flow channels therebetween; and operating the device at a cycle speed selected to kinetically separate propylene from propane. 45. The method according to claim 44 where propane has a diffusion time constant tcA and propylene has a diffusion time constant tcB, where tcB is at least 5 times tcA. 46. The method according to claim 44 where propane has a diffusion time constant tcA of 0.025 second and propylene has a diffusion time constant tcB of about 2.5 seconds. 47. A kinetic separation method, comprising: feeding a gas mixture comprising oxygen and nitrogen, where oxygen and nitrogen have diffusion time constants sufficiently different to allow a kinetic separation, to a pressure swing adsorption apparatus comprising at least one rotary valve and at least one multi-layer parallel passage adsorbent structure adapted for implementing a rapid cycle kinetic-controlled adsorptive separation, the adsorbent structure having a tortuosity of 2.5>t>1.0 and comprising a plurality of adsorbent sheets comprising at least one adsorbent material, the adsorbent material being coated on the sheets and having an adsorbent layer thickness of greater than 5 μm and less than 150 μm, the at least one adsorbent material layer comprising particles of the at least one adsorbent material having an ideal kinetic selectivity S0 between the first and second components, the particles having an adsorbent particle radius rc, and micropores of from about 0.0002 μm to about 0.0005 μm, the plurality of adsorbent sheets being separated by spacing means to define flow channels therebetween; and operating the device at a cycle speed selected to kinetically separate oxygen from nitrogen. 48. The method according to claim 47 where oxygen has a diffusion time constant tcA and nitrogen has a diffusion time constant tcB, where tcB is at least 5 times tcA. 49. The method according to claim 47 where oxygen has a diffusion time constant tcA of 0.025 second and nitrogen has a diffusion time constant tcB of about 2.5 seconds. 50. A kinetic separation method, comprising: feeding a gas mixture comprising methane and at least one other fluid to a pressure swing adsorption apparatus comprising at least one rotary valve and at least one multi-layer parallel passage adsorbent structure adapted for implementing a rapid cycle kinetic-controlled adsorptive separation, the adsorbent structure having a tortuosity of 2.5>t>1.0 and comprising a plurality of adsorbent sheets comprising at least one zeolitic silicate type adsorbent material, the adsorbent material comprising particles having an adsorbent particle radius rc, and micropores of from about 0.0002 μm to about 0.0005 μm, the adsorbent material being coated on the sheets and having an adsorbent layer thickness of greater than 5 μm and less than 150 μm, the plurality of adsorbent sheets being separated by spacing means to define flow channels therebetween; and operating the device at a cycle speed selected to kinetically separate methane from the at least one other fluid. 51. The method according to claim 50 where the mixture comprises methane and carbon dioxide where carbon dioxide has a diffusion time constant tcA of 0.04 second and methane has a diffusion time constant tcB of about 2.8 seconds. 52. The method according to claim 50 where the mixture comprises methane and nitrogen where nitrogen has a diffusion time constant tcA of 0.06 second and methane has a diffusion time constant tcB of about 2.8 seconds.
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