A surgical ligation clip for double ligating a vessel, duct or other fluid carrying structure and a method for double ligating such structure.
대표청구항▼
I claim: 1. A surgical ligation clip for ligating a fluid carrying structure, said clip comprising: a mid-longitudinal axis, a distal end, a proximal end opposite said distal end, a maximum clip length between said distal and proximal ends, a maximum clip height perpendicular to said maximum clip l
I claim: 1. A surgical ligation clip for ligating a fluid carrying structure, said clip comprising: a mid-longitudinal axis, a distal end, a proximal end opposite said distal end, a maximum clip length between said distal and proximal ends, a maximum clip height perpendicular to said maximum clip length, and a maximum clip width perpendicular to said maximum clip length and said maximum clip height, said maximum clip length being greater than twice said maximum clip height; an upper support member oriented generally along the mid-longitudinal axis of said clip, said upper support member having a maximum width adjacent said distal end perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal axis in a first plane generally parallel to the mid-longitudinal axis, and having a width less than said maximum width thereof in the first plane over a majority of the length of said clip between said distal and proximal ends; a lower support member oriented generally along the mid-longitudinal axis of said clip, said lower support member having a maximum width adjacent said distal end perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal axis in a second plane generally parallel to the mid-longitudinal axis, and having a width less than said maximum width thereof in the second plane over a majority of the length of said clip between said distal and proximal ends; and a connector at said proximal end of said clip joining said upper and lower support members, said connector having a maximum width perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal axis in a third plane generally parallel to the mid-longitudinal axis, and a maximum connector height in a fourth plane perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal axis and the third plane, said maximum connector height being equal equal to said maximum clip height, wherein said clip is formed of a single piece of wire having a substantially uniform thickness, said connector is formed of multiple coil windings of said single piece of wire, said coil windings of said connector have an interior and are unwound when moving said clip from a closed position to an open position, and said clip has a first free end and a second free end, each of said first and second free ends terminating proximate said proximal end, the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane are parallel to one another, at least one of said maximum width of said upper support member and said maximum width of said lower support member is greater than said maximum width of said connector, said distal end has a distal height parallel to said maximum clip height and said proximal end has a proximal width parallel to said maximum clip width, and each of said distal height and said proximal width is twice the thickness of said wire wherein said first end and said second end each terminates inside said interior of said coil. 2. The dip of claim 1, wherein said wire has a maximum thickness less than or equal to 1.0 mm. 3. The clip of claim 1, wherein said connector is adapted to bias said upper and lower support members toward one another in the closed position. 4. The dip of claim 1, wherein said connector is adapted to apply a force to said upper and lower support members to bias said upper and lower support members toward one another in the closed position, the force being greater than that needed to move said upper and lower members into contact with one another. 5. The clip of claim 1, wherein said upper and lower support members each include a loop at said distal end. 6. The clip of claim 1, wherein said upper and lower support members each have two parallel longitudinal members with a recess therebetween, said longitudinal members of said upper support member being adapted to generally overlie said longitudinal members of said lower members. 7. The clip of claim 6, wherein said longitudinal members of at least one of said upper and lower members extend along a substantial portion of the length of said clip. 8. The clip of claim 1, in combination with a clip applier for applying the clip to the fluid carrying structure. 9. The clip of claim 8, wherein said clip applier includes a magazine adapted to hold a plurality of clips. 10. The clip of claim 1, wherein at least one of said upper support member and said lower support member is enlarged adjacent said distal end of said clip. 11. The clip of claim 1, wherein each of said upper support member and said lower support member is formed of a first leg and a second leg. 12. The clip of claim 11, wherein said first leg and said second leg extend generally parallel to one another from said connector. 13. The clip of claim 12, wherein a gap is formed between said first leg and said second leg, and said gap has a width approximately equal to the thickness of said wire. 14. The clip of claim 1, wherein said clip has a minimum clip width perpendicular to said maximum clip length and said maximum clip height, and said connector has a minimum connector width in the third plane, said minimum connector width being equal to said minimum clip width. 15. The clip of claim 1, wherein said upper support member is connected to an upper portion of said connector and said lower support member is connected to a lower portion of said connector so that said coil windings are unwound when opening said clip. 16. A surgical ligation clip for ligating a fluid carrying structure, said clip comprising: a mid-longitudinal axis, a distal end, a proximal end opposite said distal end, a maximum clip length between said distal and proximal ends, a maximum clip height perpendicular to said maximum clip length, and a maximum clip width and a minimum clip width perpendicular to said maximum clip length and said maximum clip height, said maximum clip length being greater than twice said maximum clip height; an upper support member oriented generally along the mid-longitudinal axis of said clip between said proximal and distal ends of said clip, said upper support member having a maximum width adjacent said distal end perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal axis in a first plane generally parallel to the mid-longitudinal axis, and having a width less than said maximum width thereof in the first plane over a majority of the length of said clip between said distal and proximal ends; a lower support member opposite said upper support member in a vertical plane parallel to the mid-longitudinal axis, said lower support member being oriented generally along the mid-longitudinal axis of said clip between said proximal and distal ends of said clip, said lower support member having a maximum width adjacent said distal end perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal axis in a second plane generally parallel to the mid-longitudinal axis, and having a width less than said maximum width thereof in the second plane over a majority of said clip between said distal and proximal ends; and a connector at said proximal end of said dip joining said upper and lower support members, said connector having a maximum connector width and a minimum connector width, said maximum connector width and said minimum connector width both being perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal axis in a third plane generally parallel to the first and second planes and the mid-longitudinal axis, said minimum connector width is equal to said minimum clip width, wherein said clip is formed of a single piece of material having a substantially uniform thickness with a first free end and a second free end terminating proximate said proximal end, and at least one of said free ends facing in a direction that is at least one of transverse to the mid-longitudinal axis of said clip and away from said proximal end of said clip, said connector is formed of multiple coil windings of said single piece of material, said coil windings of said connector have an interior and are unwound when moving said clip from a closed position to an open position, at least one of said maximum width of said upper support member and said maximum width of said lower support member is greater than said maximum width of said connector, said distal end has a distal height parallel to said maximum clip height and said proximal end has a proximal width parallel to said maximum clip width, and each of said distal height and said proximal width is twice the thickness of said material wherein said first end and said second end each terminates inside said interior of said coil. 17. The clip of claim 16, wherein at least one of said free ends faces a direction generally transverse to the mid-longitudinal axis of said clip. 18. The dip of claim 16, wherein at least one of said free ends faces generally towards said distal end of said clip. 19. The clip of claim 16, wherein said first end and said second end each face away from said proximal end of said clip. 20. The clip of claim 16, wherein said connector is adapted to bias said upper and lower support members toward one another in the closed position. 21. The clip of claim 16, wherein said connector is adapted to apply a force to said upper and lower support members to bias said upper and lower support members toward one another in the closed position, the force being greater than that needed to move said upper and lower members into contact with one another. 22. The clip of claim 16, wherein said upper and lower support members each include a loop at said distal end. 23. The clip of claim 16, wherein said upper and lower support members each have two parallel longitudinal members with a recess therebetween, said longitudinal members of said upper support member being adapted to generally overlie said longitudinal members of said lower members. 24. The clip of claim 23, wherein said longitudinal members of at least one of said upper and lower members extend along a substantial portion of the length of said clip. 25. The clip of claim 16, in combination with a clip applier for applying the clip to the fluid carrying structure. 26. The clip of claim 25, wherein said clip applier includes a magazine adapted to hold a plurality of clips. 27. The clip of claim 16, wherein at least one of said upper support member and said lower support member is enlarged adjacent said distal end of said clip. 28. The clip of claim 16 wherein each of said upper support member and said lower support member is formed of a first leg and a second leg. 29. The clip of claim 28, wherein said first leg and said second leg extend generally parallel to one another from said connector. 30. The clip of claim 29, wherein a gap is formed between said first leg and said second leg, and said gap has a width approximately equal to the thickness of said material. 31. The clip of claim 16, wherein said connector has a maximum connector height in a fourth plane perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal axis and the third plane, said maximum connector height being equal to said to said maximum clip height. 32. The clip of claim 16, wherein said upper support member is connected to an upper portion of said connector and said lower support member is connected to a lower portion of said connector so that said coil windings are unwound when opening said dip.
연구과제 타임라인
LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
이 특허에 인용된 특허 (178)
Focelle Dennis M. (Minneapolis MN) Hanlon Terrance W. (Blaine MN), Aneurysm clip.
Gertzman Arthur A. (Bridgewater NJ) Thompson Darrell R. (Somerville NJ), Annealed polydioxanone surgical device having a resilient portion and an interlocking portion and method for producing t.
Green David T. (Westport CT) Shichman Daniel (Trumbull CT) Zvenyatsky Boris (Bronx NY) McGarry Richard A. (Norwalk CT), Apparatus and method for applying latchless surgical clips.
Green David T. (Westport CT) Bolanos Henry (East Norwalk CT) Young Wayne P. (Brewster NY) McGarry Richard A. (Norwalk CT) Heaton Lisa W. (Norwalk CT) Ratcliff Keith (Sandy Hook CT), Apparatus and method for applying surgical clips in laparoscopic or endoscopic procedures.
Green, David T.; Bolanos, Henry; Young, Wayne P.; McGarry, Richard A.; Heaton, Lisa W.; Ratcliff, Keith, Apparatus and method for applying surgical clips in laparoscopic or endoscopic procedures.
Green David T. (Westport CT) Bolanos Henry (East Norwalk CT) Young Wayne (Brewster NY) DeFonzo Stephan A. (Bridgeport CT) McGarry Richard A. (Norwalk CT) Mastri Dominick L. (Bridgeport CT), Apparatus and method for applying surgical staples to attach an object to body tissue.
Nash John (Dowingtown PA) Kensey Kenneth (Chester Springs PA) Spriegel Andrew R. (Havertown PA) Evans Stephen (Washington DC), Apparatus and methods for clamping tissue and reflecting the same.
Stefanchik David (Mason OH) Reckelhoff Jerome E. (Cincinnati OH) Nobis Rudolph H. (Cincinnati OH) Murray Michael A. (Bellevue KY) Burbank John E. (Ridgefield CT), Endoscopic multiple ligating clip applier.
Stefanchik David (Mason OH) Reckelhoff Jerome E. (Cincinnati OH) Nobis Rudolph H. (Cincinnati OH) Murray Michael A. (Bellevue KY) Burbank John E. (Ridgefield CT), Endoscopic multiple ligating clip applier.
Samuels Peter B. (14708 Sutton St. Sherman Oaks CA 91403) Wood Ernest C. (2461 Ivanhoe Dr. Los Angeles CA 90039), Hemostatic clip, clip applicator and cartridge therefor.
Burbank ; III John E. (Ridgefield CT) Pedlick John (Butler NJ) Stefanchik David (Mason OH) Gabel Jonathan (Highland Heights KY) Petrella Thomas (Amelia OH) Osborne Guy L. (Trumbull CT), Ligating clip applier.
Di Giovanni John (Irvington NJ) Failla Steven (Chester NJ) Huebscher Laszlo (New Brunswick NJ) Pedlick John S. (Butler NJ) Menges John R. (Woodbridge NJ) Proszynski Lech (Spotswood NJ), Ligating clip cartridge.
Shipp John I. ; Lathrop ; Jr. Robert L. ; Lathrop ; III Robert L. ; Reichel Donald R. ; Hayes Robert J., Low profile tool for applying spring action ligation clips.
Baumgart Frank (Ratingen DEX) Bensmann Gunter (Essen DEX) Haasters Jorg (Essen DEX) Hartwig Jurgen (Essen DEX) Jorde Joachim (Essen DEX) Muller Manfred (Essen DEX) Schlegel Karl F. (Essen DEX), Method for implanting and subsequently removing mechanical connecting elements from living tissue.
Shipp John I. (Tullahoma TN) Crothall George (Santa Clara CA) Lathrop ; Jr. Robert L. (San Jose CA) Reichel Donald R. (Saratoga CA), Method of applying a surgical ligation clip.
Klieman Charles H. (3737 E. Century Blvd. Lynwood CA 90262) Densmore Richard M. (17781 Toiyabe St. Fountain Valley CA 92708), Spring activated hemostatic clip applicator.
Fogelberg Mark ; Hughett J. David ; Braddock C. Kerwin ; Boehm Michael E. ; Stefanchik David ; Murray Michael A., Sterile occlusion fasteners and instrument and method for their placement.
Fogelberg Mark ; Hughett J. David ; Braddock C. Kerwin ; Boehm Michael E. ; Stefanchik David ; Murray Michael A., Sterile occlusion fasteners and instrument and method for their placement.
Hughett J. David (Hamilton OH) Stefanchik David (Mason OH) Murray Michael A. (Bellevue KY) Braddock C. Kerwin (Cincinnati OH), Sterile occlusion fasteners and instrument and method for their placement.
Fogelberg Mark (Wilsonville OR) Hughett J. David (Hamilton OH) Braddock C. Kerwin (Cincinnati OH) Boehm Michael E. (Cincinnati OH) Stefanchik David (Mason OH) Murray Michael A. (Bellevue KY), Sterile occlusion fasteners and instruments and method for their placement.
Peyser Mark S. (Easton CT) Cuny Douglas J. (Bethel CT) Strauss Douglas W. (Hamden CT) Reed Scott W. (Shelton CT) Rethy Csaba L. (Fairfield CT) Aranyi Ernie (Easton CT), Surgical clip applier.
Thompson Todd (San Jose CA) Kloeckl Terrance (Palo Alto CA) Costa Peter F. (Winthrop MA) Holmes William A. (Marblehead MA) Daulton Jay (San Jose CA), Surgical clip applier.
Young Wayne P. (Brewster NY) Mastri Dominick L. (Bridgeport CT) Bolanos Henry (East Norwalk CT), Surgical clip applier having clip advancement control.
Kraus Robert G. (Attleboro MA) Walker Philip C. (Cambridge MA) Loeffler Herbert H. (Arlington MA) Faller Frederick W. (Burlington MA) Schneider Richard C. (Framingham MA) Worrick ; III Charles B. (Ha, Surgical clip applier with reciprocating clip sleeve and dual ratchet mechanism.
Kloeckl Terrance (Palo Alto CA) Thompson Todd (San Jose CA) Costa Peter F. (Winthrop MA) Holmes William A. (Marblehead MA) Daulton Jay (San Jose CA), Surgical clip closure apparatus with safety stop.
Yu George W. (1326 Bayhead Rd. Annapolis MD 21401) Holtgrewe H. Logan (473 Fair Oak Dr. Severna Park MD 21146), Surgical clip having a longitudinal opening through which clamped tissue protrudes.
Frantzen John J. ; Taylor Charles S. ; Morejohn Michael V. ; Morejohn Dwight P. ; Devore Ronald, Surgical clips and apparatus and method for clip placement.
Green David T. (Westport CT) Bolanos Henry (East Norwalk CT) Alesi Thomas (New Fairfield CT), Surgical fastener applying instrument for ligating and dividing tissue.
Smith Carl R. (Bloomingdale NJ) Gaterud Mark T. (Annandale NJ) Jamiolkowski Dennis D. (Long Valley NJ) Newman ; Jr. Hugh D. (Chester NJ) Shalaby Shalaby W. (Lebanon NJ), Surgical fastener made from glycolide-rich polymer blends.
Green David T. (Westport CT) Bolanos Henry (East Norwalk CT) Alesi Daniel E. (Sherman CT) Toso Kenneth E. (Port Chester NY), Surgical fastening apparatus.
Green David T. (Westport CT) Bolanos Henry (East Norwalk CT) Mastri Dominick L. (Bridgeport CT) McGarry Richard A. (Norwalk CT) Young Wayne P. (Brewster NY), Surgical fastening device.
Transue James A. (Somerville NJ) Pynn John N. (Whitehouse Station NJ) D\Innocencio Joseph (Kenilworth NJ) Thomas Michael S. (Somerset NJ) Gertzman Arthur A. (Bridgewater NJ), Surgical hemostatic clips.
Transue James A. (Somerville NJ) Pynn John N. (Whitehouse Station NJ) D\Innocencio Joseph (Kenilworth NJ) Thomas Michael S. (Somerset NJ) Gertzman Arthur A. (Bridgewater NJ), Surgical hemostatic clips.
Hall Richard W. (New Canaan CT) Chodorow Ingram S. (Upper Saddle River NJ) Dainow J. David (New York NY), Surgical stapling system, apparatus and staple.
Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Bertke, Brian D.; Tellio, Karalyn R.; Wiener, Eitan T.; Yates, David C.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Giordano, James R., Devices and techniques for cutting and coagulating tissue.
Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Bertke, Brian D.; Tellio, Karalyn R.; Wiener, Eitan T.; Yates, David C.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Stulen, Foster B.; Giordano, James R., Devices and techniques for cutting and coagulating tissue.
Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Wiener, Eitan T.; Noyes, Brian T.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Giordano, James R.; Beetel, III, Robert J.; Abbott, Daniel J.; Miller, Matthew C.; Voegele, Aaron C.; Wiley, Jeffrey P.; Price, Nathan J.; Price, Daniel W.; Koch, Jr., Robert L., Devices and techniques for cutting and coagulating tissue.
Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Wiener, Eitan T.; Noyes, Brian T.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Giordano, James R.; Beetel, III, Robert J.; Abbott, Daniel J.; Stulen, Foster B.; Miller, Matthew C.; Voegele, Aaron C.; Wiley, Jeffrey P.; Price, Nathan J.; Price, Daniel W.; Koch, Jr., Robert L., Devices and techniques for cutting and coagulating tissue.
Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Wiener, Eitan T.; Noyes, Brian T.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Giordano, James R.; Beetel, III, Robert J.; Abbott, Daniel J.; Stulen, Foster B.; Miller, Matthew C.; Voegele, Aaron C.; Wiley, Jeffrey P.; Price, Nathan J.; Price, Daniel W.; Koch, Jr., Robert L., Devices and techniques for cutting and coagulating tissue.
Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Wiener, Eitan T.; Noyes, Brian T.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Giordano, James R.; Beetel, III, Robert J.; Abbott, Daniel J.; Stulen, Foster B.; Miller, Matthew C.; Voegele, Aaron C.; Wiley, Jeffrey P.; Price, Nathan J.; Price, Daniel W.; Koch, Robert L., Devices and techniques for cutting and coagulating tissue.
Robertson, Galen C.; Timm, Richard W.; Houser, Kevin L.; Conlon, Sean P.; Zingman, Aron O., Dual purpose surgical instrument for cutting and coagulating tissue.
Price, Daniel W.; Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Malaviya, Prasanna; Beetel, III, Robert J.; Dietz, Timothy G.; Witt, David A.; Turner, Douglas J.; Norvell, David K.; Rupp, Kip M.; Weed, III, John A.; Felder, Kevin D.; Houser, Kevin L.; Franer, Paul T.; Faller, Craig N.; Davis, Craig T., End effector with a clamp arm assembly and blade.
Wiener, Eitan T.; Yates, David C., Generator for digitally generating electrical signal waveforms for electrosurgical and ultrasonic surgical instruments.
Batross, Jonathan T.; Trees, Gregory A.; Stulen, Foster B.; Stewart, Randolph; Boudreaux, Chad P., Lockout mechanism for use with robotic electrosurgical device.
Shelton, IV, Frederick E.; Yates, David C.; Houser, Kevin L., Modular battery powered handheld surgical instrument with multi-function motor via shifting gear assembly.
Robertson, Galen C.; Timm, Richard W.; Rupp, Kip M.; Snyder, Kristina A., Rotatable cutting implements with friction reducing material for ultrasonic surgical instruments.
Boudreaux, Chad P.; Price, Daniel W.; Kirk, Jeffery T.; Vasquez, Jose Domingo; Dietz, Timothy G.; Smith, Richard C.; Asher, Ryan M.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Timm, Richard W.; Davis, Craig T., Rotatable electrical connection for ultrasonic surgical instruments.
Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Moriarty, John K.; Janesch, Stephen T.; Drzewiecki, Matthew R.; Thompson, Ryan J., Serial communication protocol for medical device.
Boudreaux, Chad P.; Johnson, Gregory W.; Shoger, Kristen T.; Molitor, Nicholas G.; Stewart, Randolph; Trees, Gregory A.; Norvell, David K.; Andreyko, Michael J.; Snyder, Shawn C.; Batross, Jonathan T.; O'Connor, Megan A., Surgeon feedback sensing and display methods.
Wiener, Eitan T.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Noyes, Brian T.; Giordano, James R.; Beetel, III, Robert J.; Price, Nathan J.; Miller, Matthew C.; Wiley, Jeffrey P.; Price, Daniel W.; Koch, Jr., Robert L.; Brotz, Joseph A.; Hein, John E., Surgical generator for ultrasonic and electrosurgical devices.
Wiener, Eitan T.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Noyes, Brian T.; Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Giordano, James R.; Beetel, III, Robert J.; Price, Nathan J.; Miller, Matthew C.; Wiley, Jeffrey P.; Price, Daniel W.; Koch, Robert L.; Brotz, Joseph A.; Hein, John E., Surgical generator for ultrasonic and electrosurgical devices.
Price, Daniel W.; Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Malaviya, Prasanna; Beetel, III, Robert J.; Dietz, Timothy G.; Witt, David A.; Turner, Douglas J.; Norvell, David K.; Weed, III, John A.; Felder, Kevin D.; Houser, Kevin L.; Franer, Paul T.; Faller, Craig N.; Davis, Craig T., Surgical instrument with multiple clamping mechanisms.
Asher, Ryan M.; Faller, Craig N.; Scheib, Charles J.; Riestenberg, Paul F.; Gee, Jacob S.; Boyd, Benjamin M.; Dickerson, Benjamin D.; Ruiz Ortiz, Rafael J.; Weisenburgh, II, William B.; Gallmeyer, Thomas C.; Hibner, John A., Surgical instrument with user adaptable algorithms.
Houser, Kevin L.; Muir, Stephanie J.; DeLuca, Louis T.; Price, Daniel W.; Boyd, William D.; Robertson, Galen C.; O'Neil, Michael J., Surgical instruments.
Houser, Kevin L.; Muir, Stephanie J.; DeLuca, Louis T.; Price, Daniel W.; Boyd, William D.; Robertson, Galen C.; O'Neil, Michael J., Surgical instruments.
Houser, Kevin L.; Muir, Stephanie J.; DeLuca, Louis T.; Price, Daniel W.; Boyd, William D.; Robertson, Galen C.; O'Neil, Michael J., Surgical instruments.
Timm, Richard W.; Price, Daniel W.; Kirk, Jeffery T.; Vasquez, Jose Domingo; Dietz, Timothy G.; Smith, Richard C.; Asher, Ryan M.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Davis, Craig T.; Henry, Emron J.; Voegele, James W.; Johnson, Gregory W., Switch arrangements for ultrasonic surgical instruments.
Schulte, John B.; Price, Daniel W.; Vasquez, Jose Domingo; Dietz, Timothy G.; Smith, Richard C.; Asher, Ryan M.; Aldridge, Jeffrey L.; Timm, Richard W.; Davis, Craig T.; Marcotte, Amy L.; Witt, David A.; Tellio, Karalyn R.; Messerly, Jeffrey D.; Bertke, Brian D.; Wiener, Eitan T.; Yates, David C.; Giordano, James R., Techniques for cutting and coagulating tissue for ultrasonic surgical instruments.
Conlon, Sean P.; Gee, Jacob S.; Stulen, Foster B.; Dannaher, William D.; Olson, William A., Ultrasonic surgical blade with improved cutting and coagulation features.
Rhee, Sora; Gee, Jacob S.; Smolik, Steven P.; Balek, Stephen J.; Dannaher, William D., Ultrasonic surgical instrument with piezoelectric central lumen transducer.
Gee, Jacob S.; Stulen, Foster B.; Houser, Kevin L.; Faller, Craig N.; Rhee, Sora; Dannaher, William D.; Johnson, Gregory W., Ultrasonic surgical instruments with control mechanisms.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.