Using sacrificial material to mitigate catalyst support corrosion in fuel cell electrode
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
UP-0459427
(2006-07-24)
|
등록번호 |
US-7687185
(2010-04-23)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Zhang, Jingxin
- Gasteiger, Hubert A.
- Gu, Wenbin
- Yu, Paul Taichiang
- O'Hara, Jeanette E.
|
출원인 / 주소 |
- GM Global Technology Operations, Inc.
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
1 인용 특허 :
7 |
초록
▼
A fuel cell includes an anode layer, a polymeric ion conductive membrane disposed over the anode layer, a cathode layer disposed over the polymeric ion conductive membrane, and an effective amount of a reactive material that corrodes at a higher rate than support carbon in the cathode layer, anode l
A fuel cell includes an anode layer, a polymeric ion conductive membrane disposed over the anode layer, a cathode layer disposed over the polymeric ion conductive membrane, and an effective amount of a reactive material that corrodes at a higher rate than support carbon in the cathode layer, anode layer, or both. The reactive material is either proximate to or distributed within the cathode catalyst layer. In a variation, reactive material is also included proximate to the anode layer.
대표청구항
▼
What is claimed: 1. A fuel cell comprising: an anode catalyst layer; a polymeric ion conductive membrane disposed over the anode catalyst layer; a cathode catalyst layer comprising a cathode catalyst positioned on a cathode catalyst carbon-support, the cathode catalyst layer disposed over the polym
What is claimed: 1. A fuel cell comprising: an anode catalyst layer; a polymeric ion conductive membrane disposed over the anode catalyst layer; a cathode catalyst layer comprising a cathode catalyst positioned on a cathode catalyst carbon-support, the cathode catalyst layer disposed over the polymeric ion conductive membrane; and a first sacrificial layer disposed between the cathode catalyst layer and the polymeric ion conductive layer, the first sacrificial layer comprising a reactive material that electro-oxidizes at a higher kinetic rate than the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 2. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the first sacrificial layer comprises a layer having a void volume and proton conductive material filling at least a portion of the void volume. 3. The fuel cell of claim 2 wherein the proton conductive material is electronically conducting. 4. The fuel cell of claim 2 wherein the proton conductive material fills from about 20% to about 100% of the void volume. 5. The fuel cell of claim 1 further comprising a second sacrificial layer disposed between the anode catalyst layer and the polymeric ion conductive layer, the second sacrificial layer comprising a reactive material that electro-oxidizes at a higher kinetic rate than the anode catalyst carbon-support. 6. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the corrosion rate of the reactive material is at least 2 times the corrosion rate of the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 7. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the corrosion rate of the reactive material is at least 5 times the corrosion rate of the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 8. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the corrosion rate of the reactive material is at least 10 times the corrosion rate of the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 9. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the reactive material has a packing density greater than or equal to about 20% by volume. 10. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the reactive material has a packing density greater than or equal to about 40% by volume. 11. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the reactive material has a packing density greater than or equal to about 50% by volume. 12. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the anode catalyst layer further comprises, and has dispersed therein, an additional amount of the reactive material that electro-oxidizes at a higher kinetic rate than the anode catalyst carbon-support. 13. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the cathode catalyst layer further comprises, and has dispersed therein, an additional amount of the reactive material that electro-oxidizes at a higher kinetic rate than the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 14. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the first sacrificial layer has a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 μm. 15. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the first sacrificial layer has a thickness ranging from 1 to 10 μm. 16. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the first sacrificial layer has a thickness ranging from 2 to 5 μm. 17. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the reactive material comprises carbon. 18. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the reactive material comprises carbon having a BET surface area from 200 to 2000 m2/g. 19. A fuel cell comprising: an anode catalyst layer comprising an anode catalyst positioned on an anode catalyst carbon-support; a polymeric ion conductive membrane disposed over the anode catalyst layer; a cathode catalyst layer comprising a cathode catalyst positioned on a cathode catalyst carbon-support, the cathode catalyst layer disposed over the polymeric ion conductive membrane; and a first sacrificial layer disposed between either the anode catalyst layer and the polymeric ion conductive membrane or the cathode catalyst layer and the polymeric ion conductive membrane, the first sacrificial layer comprising a reactive material that electro-oxides at a higher rate than at least one of the anode catalyst carbon-support and the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 20. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the first sacrificial layer comprises a layer having a void volume and proton conductive material filling at least a portion of the void volume. 21. The fuel cell of claim 20 wherein the proton conductive material fills from about 20% to about 100% of the void volume. 22. The fuel cell of claim 19 further comprising a second sacrificial layer disposed between either the anode catalyst layer and the polymeric ion conductive membrane or the cathode catalyst layer and the polymeric ion conductive membrane, wherein the second sacrificial layer is disposed on an opposite side of the polymeric ion conductive membrane than the first sacrificial layer, and wherein the second sacrificial layer comprises a reactive material that electro-oxidizes at a higher rate than at least one of the anode catalyst carbon-support and the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 23. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the cathode catalyst layer further comprises, and has dispersed therein, a reactive material that electro-oxidizes at a higher rate than at least one of the anode catalyst carbon-support and the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 24. The fuel cell of claim 23 wherein the anode catalyst layer further comprises, and has dispersed therein, a reactive material that electro-oxidizes at a higher rate than at least one of the anode catalyst carbon-support and the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 25. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the reactive material comprises carbon having a BET surface area from 200 to 2000 m2/g. 26. The fuel cell of claim 25 wherein the carbon is selected from the group consisting of Black Pearl, Ketjen Black, Vulcan carbon, activated amorphous carbons, high-surface area carbons, mixtures thereof, and combinations thereof. 27. The fuel cell of claim 25 wherein the carbon includes a noble metal additive selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru, and Rh in their metallic form or as oxides, as well as alloys and mixtures thereof. 28. The fuel cell of claim 25 wherein the carbon is present in an amount from 0.1 to 0.4 mg per cm2. 29. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the corrosion rate of the reactive material is at least 2 times the corrosion rate of the anode catalyst carbon-support or the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 30. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the corrosion rate of the reactive material is at least 5 times the corrosion rate of the anode catalyst carbon-support or the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 31. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the corrosion rate of the reactive material is at least 10 times the corrosion rate of the anode catalyst carbon-support or the cathode catalyst carbon-support. 32. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the reactive material has a packing density greater than or equal to about 20% by volume. 33. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the reactive material has a packing density greater than or equal to about 40% by volume. 34. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the reactive material has a packing density greater than or equal to about 50% by volume. 35. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the first sacrificial layer has a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 μm. 36. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the first sacrificial layer has a thickness ranging from 1 to 10 μm. 37. The fuel cell of claim 19 wherein the first sacrificial layer has a thickness ranging from 2 to 5 μm. 38. A fuel cell comprising: an anode catalyst layer; a polymeric ion conductive membrane disposed over the anode catalyst layer; a first sacrificial carbon layer disposed over the polymeric ion conductive layer, the first sacrificial carbon layer comprising carbon having a BET surface are from 200 to 2000 m2/g; and a cathode catalyst layer comprising a cathode catalyst positioned on a carbon-support, the cathode catalyst layer disposed over the polymeric ion conductive membrane. 39. The fuel cell of claim 38 further comprising a second sacrificial layer interposed between the anode catalyst layer and the polymeric ion conductive layer.
이 특허에 인용된 특허 (7)
-
Chang, Hao; Chi, Ignacio, Battery and method of making the same.
-
Narayanan Sekharipuram ; Surampudi Subbarao ; Halpert Gerald, Direct liquid-feed fuel cell with membrane electrolyte and manufacturing thereof.
-
Bett, John A. S.; Cipollini, Ned E.; Jarvi, Thomas D.; Breault, Richard D., Fuel cell having a corrosion resistant and protected cathode catalyst layer.
-
Ren,Xiaoming; Kovacs,Frank W.; Shufon,Kevin J.; Gottesfeld,Shimshon, Passive water management techniques in direct methanol fuel cells.
-
Uchida,Makoto; Sugawara,Yasushi; Yasumoto,Eiichi; Yoshida,Akihiko; Morita,Junji; Yamamoto,Masao; Kosako,Shinya; Sakai,Osamu; Hori,Yoshihiro, Polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
-
Knights,Shanna D.; Wilkinson,David P., Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack having specific corrosion resistant cells.
-
O'Hara,Jeanette E.; Trabold,Thomas A.; Schoeneweiss,Michael R.; Roth,Joerg, Spatially varying diffusion media and devices incorporating the same.
이 특허를 인용한 특허 (1)
-
Denifl, Guenter; Maurer, Daniel; Grille, Thomas; Hirschler, Joachim; Kahn, Markus, Processing a sacrificial material during manufacture of a microfabricated product.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.