IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
UP-0446588
(2006-06-02)
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등록번호 |
US-7696479
(2010-05-20)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- DeCamp, Matthew F.
- Tokmakoff, Andrei
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출원인 / 주소 |
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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대리인 / 주소 |
Weingarten, Schurgin, Gagnebin & Lebovici LLP
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
2 인용 특허 :
21 |
초록
▼
The invention relates to methods and apparatus for modifying the frequency characteristics of a spatially-dispersed mid-IR spectra for spectroscopy. In a preferred embodiment, sum frequency generation between a frequency-dispersed IR beam and an ultrafast optical pulse generates a spatially-extended
The invention relates to methods and apparatus for modifying the frequency characteristics of a spatially-dispersed mid-IR spectra for spectroscopy. In a preferred embodiment, sum frequency generation between a frequency-dispersed IR beam and an ultrafast optical pulse generates a spatially-extended optical signal that is collected with a CCD detector.
대표청구항
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What is claimed is: 1. A method for altering an infrared light pulse, comprising: generating a first light pulse in an infrared range; frequency-dispersing and spatially-dispersing the first light pulse; directing a second light pulse onto an optical path with the frequency-dispersed and spatially-
What is claimed is: 1. A method for altering an infrared light pulse, comprising: generating a first light pulse in an infrared range; frequency-dispersing and spatially-dispersing the first light pulse; directing a second light pulse onto an optical path with the frequency-dispersed and spatially-dispersed first light pulse; directing the frequency-dispersed and spatially-dispersed first light pulse and the second light pulse onto a frequency conversion element to generate a frequency converted light signal, the second light pulse spatially overlapping a spatially distributed bandwidth of the first light pulse at the frequency conversion element; separating the second light pulse from the frequency converted light signal; and detecting the frequency converted light signal. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising frequency-dispersing and spatially-dispersing the first light pulse with a grating. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting the frequency converted signal with a CMOS detector. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the second light pulse with pulse duration in the range between 1 femtosecond and 10 picoseconds. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising processing spectral data with a data processor. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting the signal with a charge coupled device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling a light source and the detector with an interface controller. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting an infrared frequency to a higher frequency with a sum frequency generation crystal. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising using a crystal having a nonlinear optical response such as KNbO3. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising directing a second broadband light pulse onto the optical path in which the frequency conversion element is positioned with a dielectric mirror. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising directing the second light pulse to the frequency conversion element with a first reflective element. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising directing the second light pulse after the frequency conversion element from the optical path with a second reflective element. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising filtering the frequency converted signal with a bandpass filter having a visible cutoff wavelength. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the reflecting element has a reflective cutoff wavelength greater than the bandpass filter. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising calibrating the spectrometer with an interferometer. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising simultaneously detecting a plurality of frequency-converted signals. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising forming a spectroscopic image with the plurality of detected signals. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring a chemical process. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring an optical communication signal such as a fiber optic signal. 20. The method of claim 1, further comprising using an objective lens or cylindrical lens system to direct the first light pulse onto a material. 21. An apparatus for altering an infrared light pulse, comprising: a first infrared light pulse source, a frequency-dispersing and spatially-dispersing element optically coupled to the first infrared light pulse source, a frequency conversion element, and a second light pulse source optically coupled to the frequency-conversion element such that light from the second light pulse source overlaps a spatially dispersed bandwidth of a dispersed light signal from the first infrared light pulse source at the frequency conversion element; said frequency-dispersing and spatially-dispersing element being positioned to couple the first light pulse source to the frequency-conversion element to generate a frequency-converted optical pulse in the visible light range; and a detector that detects the frequency-converted optical pulse. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the frequency-dispersing and spatially-dispersing element is a grating. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising a 2D detector array that detects the frequency converted optical pulse. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the second light pulse source is a source for light pulses in the range between 1 femtosecond and 10 picoseconds in duration. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the frequency-conversion element is a nonlinear crystal. 26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the frequency-dispersing and spatially-dispersing element is a prism or curved grating. 27. A method for spectroscopy comprising: generating a first light pulse; spectrally dispersing and spatially dispersing the first light pulse; optically coupling a frequency conversion material to the spectrally dispersed and spatially dispersed first light pulse; generating a second light pulse; coupling the second light pulse onto the frequency conversion material, the second light pulse being spatially distributed to overlap a bandwidth of the spectrally dispersed and spatially dispersed first light pulse to generate a frequency converted signal; and detecting the dispersed frequency converted signal with a two dimensional array (2D) detector. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising spectrally dispersing and spatially dispersing the first light pulse with a grating. 29. The method of claim 27, further comprising generating at least one of the first light pulse and the second light pulse with a pulse duration in a range between 1 femtosecond and 10 picoseconds. 30. The method of claim 27, further comprising generating a first light pulse in any one of far-infrared range, infrared range, near-infrared range, visible range, ultraviolet range, microwave range, or X-ray range. 31. An apparatus for altering an infrared light pulse, comprising: a first light pulse source that emits a narrowband infrared light pulse; a frequency dispersing and spatially dispersing element optically coupled to the first light pulse source; a frequency altering element; a second light pulse source optically coupled to the frequency altering element to overlap the first light pulse source; said frequency dispersing and spatially dispersing element being positioned to couple a bandwidth of the first light pulse source to the frequency altering element that overlap a spatially distributed second light pulse, said frequency altering element being configured to generate a frequency converted signal; and a detector that detects the frequency converted signal. 32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the frequency dispersing and spatially dispersing element is positioned between the source of the first light pulse source and the coupling of the first and second light pulse sources. 33. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the frequency dispersing and spatially dispersing element is a spectral-dispersing element positioned between the source of the first light pulse source and the coupling of the first and second light pulse sources. 34. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the frequency dispersing and spatially dispersing element is a diffraction grating positioned between the source of the first light pulse source and the coupling of the first and second light pulse sources. 35. The apparatus of claim 31 further comprising: a lens that focuses a pulse from the first light pulse source onto a material; at least one additional lens or spherical mirror coupled to the first light pulse source, wherein the frequency dispersing and spatially dispersing element is positioned between the source of the first light pulse source and the coupling of the first and second light pulse sources; and a two dimensional detector optically coupled to light from the material. 36. An apparatus for spectroscopy comprising: a first infrared light pulse source optically coupled to a material; a first spectral dispersing and spatial dispersing element optically coupled to the first light pulse; a second light pulse source optically coupled to the first light pulse source; a lens that focuses the first light pulse onto the material; at least one of an additional lens and a spherical mirror optically coupled to the spectral dispersing and spatial dispersing element; a frequency upconversion element optically coupled to the first light source and the second light source that provides a frequency converted signal over a bandwidth of the first light pulse; and a two dimensional detector optically coupled to light from the material. 37. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the spectral dispersing and spatial dispersing element is a grating. 38. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the second light pulse comprises light pulses in a range between 1 femtosecond and 10 picoseconds in duration. 39. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the first light pulse source emits light in an infrared range and the second light pulse is in a visible range. 40. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the first spectral dispersing and spatial dispersing element is a grating, prism, or other dispersive element. 41. An apparatus for 2D spectroscopy employing an altered infrared light pulse, comprising: a first infrared light pulse source; a frequency altering element optically coupled to the first infrared light pulse source; a disperser arranged to spectrally and spatially disperse an infrared light pulse from the first light pulse source, the infrared light pulse having a bandwidth distributed over an area on a surface of the frequency altering element; a second light pulse source optically coupled to the frequency altering element such that a second light pulse is distributed over the area on the surface to overlap the entire bandwidth of the infrared pulse; and a detector optically coupled to the frequency altering element that detects a frequency converted 2D spectroscopic signal. 42. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the frequency altering element converts an infrared light pulse to a visible light pulse. 43. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein multiple independent spatially-displaced infrared pulses are generated, and the detector detects multiple distinct spectroscopic signals. 44. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the first infrared pulse source comprises: an optical system that focuses a probe pulse on at least a portion of a sample to provide an infrared signal pulse. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising: a raster apparatus that probes the sample with incoming optical pulses in the x and y dimensions. 46. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising: an optical apparatus that focuses the probe pulse along at least one dimension to provide a line image of the sample. 47. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein one dimension of the 2D spectroscopic signal is wavelength and another dimension is a spatial dimension of the probe pulse.
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