IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
UP-0207264
(2005-08-19)
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등록번호 |
US-7705090
(2010-05-20)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Stokes, Casey D.
- Simison, Kelby
- Storey, Robson F.
- Harrison, James J.
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출원인 / 주소 |
- Chevron Oronite Company LLC
- The University of Southern Mississippi
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
15 인용 특허 :
65 |
초록
▼
The present invention is directed to a method for preparing polyolefins containing a high percentage of exo-olefin chain ends. The method involves ionizing a polyolefin containing tert-chloride chain ends and reacting the ionized polyolefin with one or more nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic
The present invention is directed to a method for preparing polyolefins containing a high percentage of exo-olefin chain ends. The method involves ionizing a polyolefin containing tert-chloride chain ends and reacting the ionized polyolefin with one or more nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic ring or one or more hindered secondary or tertiary amines, or mixtures thereof.
대표청구항
▼
What is claimed is: 1. A method for preparing a polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain, comprising: (a) ionizing a polyolefin containing terminal tert-chloride chain ends on the polymer chain in the presence of a Lewis acid; and (b) reacting the ionize
What is claimed is: 1. A method for preparing a polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain, comprising: (a) ionizing a polyolefin containing terminal tert-chloride chain ends on the polymer chain in the presence of a Lewis acid; and (b) reacting the ionized polyolefin with one or more nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic ring compounds selected from pyrroles and imidazoles, wherein the pyrroles and imidazoles have at least two hydrocarbyl substituents on the ring, or one or more hindered secondary or tertiary amines containing only carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms, or mixtures thereof, provided the nitrogen containing five-membered aromatic ring is not: (i) 2,4-dimethylpyrrole; (ii) 2-phenylindole; (iii) 2-methylbenzimidazole; (iv) 1,2-dimethylimidazole; (v) 2-phenylimidazole; and (vi) 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole; and provided the hindered secondary or tertiary amines are not: (i) Triethylamine; (ii) Tri-n-butylamine; (iii) Trihexylamine; (iv) Triisooctylamine; (v) 2-phenylpyridine; (vi) 2,3-cyclododecenopyridine; (vii) Di-p-tolylamine; (viii) Quinaldine; and (ix) 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclopentene; to thereby obtain the polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain; wherein the method is performed in the absence of monomer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein steps (a) and (b) are independently carried out at a temperature in the range of about −130° C. to about 10° C. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein steps (a) and (b) are independently carried out at a temperature in the range of about −80° C. to about 0° C. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein steps (a) and (b) are independently carried out at a temperature in the range of about −70° C. to about −10° C. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein steps (a) and (b) are independently carried out at a temperature in the range of about −60° C. to about −20° C. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic ring compounds in step (b) is a substituted-pyrrole having the general formula: wherein: (a) R1 and R4 are independently an alkyl containing one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or alkyl containing one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 7 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms; or (b) R1 and R2 form a fused aromatic ring of from 6 carbon atoms to 10 carbon atoms or an aliphatic ring of from 4 carbon atoms to about 8 carbon atoms, R is alkyl containing one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, and R3 is hydrogen or alkyl containing one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 7 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms; or (c) R2 and R3 form a fused aromatic ring of from 6 carbon atoms to 10 carbon atoms or an aliphatic ring of from 4 carbon atoms to about 8 carbon atoms, and R1 and R4 are independently an alkyl containing one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms; or (d) both R1 and R2, and R3 and R4, taken in pairs, independently form a fused aromatic ring of from 6 carbon atoms to 10 carbon atoms or an aliphatic ring of from 4 carbon atoms to about 8 carbon atoms. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein R1 and R4 are methyl and R2 and R3 are hydrogen. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are methyl. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the substituted-pyrrole has the following formula: 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic ring is a substituted imidazole. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the substituted imidazole has the general formula: wherein R3 is branched alkyl containing from about 4 carbon atoms to about 20 carbon atoms, and wherein (a) R1 and R4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 7 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R1 or R2, is not hydrogen; or (b) R1 and R2 form a fused aromatic ring of from 6 carbon atoms to 10 carbon atoms or an aliphatic ring of from 4 carbon atoms to about 8 carbon atoms. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein R1 is methyl, R2 is hydrogen and R3 is tert-butyl. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (a) the Lewis acid is a halide of titanium or boron. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein in step (a) the Lewis acid is a titanium halide. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein in step (a) the Lewis acid is titanium tetrachloride. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyolefin is polyisobutylene. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (b) the ionized polyolefin is reacted with one or more hindered secondary or tertiary amines. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the hindered secondary or tertiary amine has the general formula: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl containing one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 7 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms; or at least one of R1 and R2, R2 and R3 and R3 and R1, taken in pairs, independently form a fused aliphatic ring of from about 4 carbon atoms to about 8 carbon atoms; provided that no more than one of R1, R2 and R3 is hydrogen, and provided that R1, R2, and R3 are not all linear alkyl of about 3 carbons or less. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the hindered amine is a tertiary amine of the formula: 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the hindered amine is a tertiary amine of the formula: 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the hindered amine is a tertiary amine of the formula: 22. The method of claim 17 wherein the hindered amine is a tertiary or secondary amine has the general formula: wherein R6 is a divalent hydrocarbyl group of one carbon atom to about 4 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted with an alkyl group having one carbon atom to about 6 carbon atoms, and R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are independently hydrogen, alkyl containing one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbons; provided if R1, R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen, then R5 is a branched alkyl having from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, and provided if R5 is hydrogen, then R1, R2, R3, and R4 cannot be hydrogen unless either R1 or R2 and either R3 or R4 is a branched alkyl from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the hindered amine is a secondary or tertiary amine of the formula: wherein R5 is hydrogen or methyl. 24. The method of claim 17 wherein the hindered secondary or tertiary amine has the general formula: wherein R1 is a divalent hydrocarbyl group of one carbon atom to about 4 carbons and R2, R3, R4, R7, R8, and R9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl containing one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbons, and one of R5 and R6 is hydrogen and the other is linear alkyl from one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein one of R5 and R6 is hydrogen. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the amine has the formula: 27. The method of claim 17, wherein the hindered amine is a tertiary amine of the general formula: wherein one of R1 and R5 is hydrogen and the other is a branched alkyl of about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, aryl of about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 11 to about 30 carbon atoms; R, R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 7 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms. alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms; or at least one of R1 and R2, R2 and R3, R3 and R4 , and R5, taken in pairs, independently form a fused aromatic ring of from 5 carbon atoms to 7 carbon atoms or aliphatic ring of from about 4 carbon atoms to about 8 carbon atoms, provided that if R1 and R2 form a fused aliphatic or aromatic ring, then R5 is a branched alkyl of about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, aryl of about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 11 to about 30 carbon atoms, and provided that if R4 and R5 form a fused aliphatic or aromatic ring, then R1 is a branched alkyl of about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, aryl of about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 11 to about 30 carbon atoms. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein R1 is hydrogen and R5 is tert-butyl and R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen. 29. The method of claim 17, wherein the hindered amine is a nitrogen containing hetero-aromatic ring having the following formulas, (a), (b) and (c): wherein in formula (a) one of R1 and R4 is hydrogen and the other is alkyl of one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, one of R2 and R3 is hydrogen and the other is alkyl of one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms; or at least one of R1 and R2 and R3 and R4, taken in pairs, independently form a fused aromatic ring of from 5 carbon atoms to 7 carbon atoms or aliphatic ring of from about 4 carbon atoms to about 8 carbon atoms; wherein in formula (b) R1 , R2 and R1 are independently hydrogen or alkyl of one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, R3 is hydrogen, alkyl of one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms; or at least one of R2 and R3 or R3 and R4, taken in pairs, independently form a fused aromatic ring of from 5 carbon atoms to 7 carbon atoms or aliphatic ring of from about 4 carbon atoms to about 8 carbon atoms, provided that if R1 is hydrogen then R2 and R4 are independently alkyl of one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, and further provided that if R2 or R1 is hydrogen, then R1 is alkyl of one carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms; and wherein in formula (c) R1, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or alkyl of one carbon to about 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, alkaryl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, or aralkyl of about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms. 30. The method of claim 1, where the hindered amine has the formula: 31. The method of claim 29, where the hindered amine has the formula: 32. The method of claim 29, where the hindered amine has the formula: 33. The method of claim 1, wherein the exo-olefinic end group on the polyolefin product is present in the range of one percent to about 100 percent of the total end groups. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the polyolefin product has at least 3 percent exo-olefin end groups. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the polyolefin product has at least 20 percent exo-olefin end groups. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the polyolefin product has at least 50 percent exo-olefin end groups. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the polyolefin product has at least 70 percent exo-olefin end groups. 38. The method of claim 18, wherein the hindered amine is a tertiary amine of the formula 39. A method for preparing a polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain, comprising: (a) ionizing a polyolefin containing terminal ted-chloride chain ends on the polymer chain in the presence of a Lewis acid; and (b) reacting the ionized polyolefin with one or more nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic ring compounds selected from pyrroles and imidazoles, wherein the pyrroles and imidazoles have at least two hydrocarbyl substituents on the ring, or one or more hindered secondary or tertiary amines containing only carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms, or mixtures thereof, wherein the nitrogen-containing aromatic amine compounds or the hindered secondary or tertiary amines are pre-reacted with a Lewis acid, provided the nitrogen containing five-membered aromatic ring is not: (i) 2,4-dimethylpyrrole; (ii) 2-phenylindole; (iii) 2-methylbenzimidazole; (iv) 1,2-dimethylimidazole; (v) 2-phenylimidazole; and (vi) 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole; and provided the hindered secondary or tertiary amines are not: (i) Triethylamine; (ii) Tri-n-butylamine; (iii) Trihexylamine; (iv) Triisooctylamine; (v) 2-phenylpyridine; (vi) 2,3-cyclododecenopyridine; (vii) Di-p-tolylamine; (viii) Quinaldine; and (ix) 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclopentene; to thereby obtain the polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain; wherein the method is performed in the absence of monomer. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the Lewis acid is titanium tetrachloride and the nitrogen containing five-membered aromatic ring compound is 2,5-dimethylpyrrole. 41. The method of claim 39, wherein the Lewis acid is titanium tetrachloride and the substituted pyrrole is 2,3-dimethyl indole. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein the Lewis acid is titanium tetrachloride and the hindered amine is 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine. 43. The method of claim 39, wherein the Lewis acid is titanium tetrachloride. 44. The method of claim 39, wherein the nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic ring compound is 2,5-dimethylpyrrole. 45. A method tor preparing a polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain, comprising: (a) ionizing a polyolefin containing terminal ted-chloride chain ends on the polymer chain in the presence of a Lewis acid; and (b) reacting the ionized polyolefin with one or more nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic ring compounds selected from pyrroles and imidazoles, wherein the pyrroles and imidazoles have least two hydrocarbyl substituents on the ring, or one or more hindered secondary or tertiary amines containing only carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms, or mixtures thereof, provided the nitrogen containing five-membered aromatic ring is not: (i) 2,4-dimethylpyrrole; (ii) 2-phenylindole; (iii) 2-methylbenzimidazole; (iv) 1,2-dimethylimidazole; (v) 2-phenylimidazole; and (vi) 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole; and provided the hindered secondary or tertiary amines are not: (i) Triethylamine; (ii) Tri-n-butylamine; (iii) Trihexylamine; (iv) Triisooctylamine; (v) 2-phenylpyridine; (vi) 2,3-cyclododecenopyridine; (vii) Di-p-tolylamine; (viii) Quinaldine; and (ix) 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclopentene; to thereby obtain the polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain; wherein the method is performed in the presence of a reaction medium consisting of (a) a diluent; (b) an electron donor or common ion salt; and (c) a Lewis acid. 46. A method for preparing a polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain, comprising: (a) ionizing a polyolefin containing terminal tert-chloride chain ends on the polymer chain in the presence of a Lewis acid; and (b) reacting the ionized polyolefin with one or more nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic ring compounds selected from pyrroles and imidazoles, wherein the pyrroles and imidazoles have least two hydrocarbyl substituents on the ring, or one or more hindered secondary or tertiary amines containing only carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms, or mixtures thereof, provided the nitrogen containing five-membered aromatic ring is not: (i) 2,4-dimethylpyrrole; (ii) 2-phenylindole; (iii) 2-methylbenzimidazole; (iv) 1,2-dimethylimidazole; (v) 2-phenylimidazole; and (vi) 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole; and provided the hindered secondary or tertiary amines are not: (i) Triethylamine; (ii) Tri-n-butylamine; (iii) Trihexylamine; (iv) Triisooctylamine; (v) 2-phenylpyridine; (vi) 2,3-cyclododecenopyridine; (vii) Di-p-tolylamine; (viii) Quinaldine; and (ix) 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclopentene; to thereby obtain the polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain; wherein the method is performed in the presence of a reaction medium consisting of (a) a diluent; and (b) a Lewis acid. 47. A method for preparing a polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain, comprising: (a) ionizing a polyolefin containing terminal tert-chloride chain ends on the polymer chain in the presence of a Lewis acid; and (b) reacting the ionized polyolefin with one or more nitrogen-containing five-membered aromatic ring compounds selected from pyrroles and imidazoles, wherein the pyrroles and imidazoles have least two hydrocarbyl substituents on the ring, or one or more hindered secondary or tertiary amines containing only carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms, or mixtures thereof, provided the nitrogen containing five-membered aromatic ring is not: (i) 2,4-dimethylpyrrole; (ii) 2-phenylindole; (iii) 2-methylbenzimidazole; (iv) 1,2-dimethylimidazole; (v) 2-phenylimidazole; and (vi) 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole; and provided the hindered secondary or tertiary amines are not: (i) Triethylamine; (ii) Tri-n-butylamine; (iii) Trihexylamine; (iv) Triisooctylamine; (v) 2-phenylpyridine; (vi) 2,3-cyclododecenopyridine; (vii) Di-p-tolylamine; (viii) Quinaldine; and (ix) 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclopentene; to thereby obtain the polyolefin product containing exo-olefinic end groups on the polyolefin polymer chain; wherein the method is performed in the presence of a reaction medium consisting of Lewis acid.
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