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An exercise machine and a method for its use in training selected muscle groups by controlled use of brakes to resist crank movement adjustably at specific and adjustable controlled positions in the rotation of a crank. A control system may be incorporated to cause brake mechanisms to apply varying

An exercise machine and a method for its use in training selected muscle groups by controlled use of brakes to resist crank movement adjustably at specific and adjustable controlled positions in the rotation of a crank. A control system may be incorporated to cause brake mechanisms to apply varying amounts of resistance to a pair of pedal-driven cranks to simulate the efforts required to ride an actual bicycle over a course including various upslopes and down-slopes.

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The invention claimed is: 1. An exercise machine, comprising: (a) a frame; (b) a first crank mounted rotatably on said frame for multiple rotations about an axis of rotation with respect to said frame; (c) a first adjustable brake mechanism, arranged to provide during each of said multiple rotation

The invention claimed is: 1. An exercise machine, comprising: (a) a frame; (b) a first crank mounted rotatably on said frame for multiple rotations about an axis of rotation with respect to said frame; (c) a first adjustable brake mechanism, arranged to provide during each of said multiple rotations a first selected amount of resistance to rotation of said first crank with respect to said frame as said first crank is moved through a first predetermined angular sector of each of said rotations of said first crank, and arranged to provide during each of said rotations a different second selected amount of resistance to rotation of said first crank with respect to said frame as said first crank is moved through a second predetermined angular sector of each of said rotations of said first crank; (d) a brake sensor associated with said first adjustable brake mechanism and arranged to detect and evaluate said amounts of resistance to rotation being applied to said first crank by said first adjustable brake mechanism; (e) a position sensor arranged to sense and provide an indication of an angular position of said first crank during each of said rotations at times when said brake sensor detects said amounts of resistance; and (f) a controller arranged to receive a plurality of input signals and to cause said first adjustable brake mechanism to regulate said resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to each of said plurality of input signals, and wherein said controller periodically computes a total amount of rotation of said first crank during a period of use of said exercise machine and causes said first adjustable brake mechanism to adjust said resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to a predetermined total amount of rotation. 2. The exercise machine of claim 1 wherein said brake sensor is arranged so as to determine and provide an indication of said amount of resistance being provided when said first crank is in a selected angular position with respect to said frame. 3. The exercise machine of claim 1 including a second crank mounted rotatably on said frame for rotation about said axis of rotation independent from said first crank. 4. The exercise machine of claim 3 including a second brake mechanism arranged to provide resistance to said second crank independently from resistance provided by said first adjustable brake mechanism. 5. The exercise machine of claim 1 wherein said first and second selected amounts of resistance are separately adjustable. 6. The exercise machine of claim 1 wherein said first adjustable brake mechanism is capable of being operated so as to vary said first and second angular sectors. 7. The exercise machine of claim 1 wherein said first adjustable brake mechanism includes an electrically controlled brake. 8. The exercise machine of claim 1 including a servo system arranged to receive an indication of said angular position of said first crank and to adjust said first adjustable brake mechanism in response to said angular position of said first crank during rotation of said first crank about said axis. 9. The exercise machine of claim 1 wherein said position sensor is arranged to provide to said controller a signal indicating said angular position of said first crank during operation of said exercise machine. 10. An exercise machine comprising: (a) a frame; (b) a first crank mounted rotatably on said frame for multiple rotations about an axis of rotation with respect to said frame; (c) a first adjustable brake mechanism, arranged to provide during each of said multiple rotations a first selected amount of resistance to rotation of said first crank with respect to said frame as said first crank is moved through a first predetermined angular sector of said rotation of said first crank, and arranged to provide during each said rotation a different second selected amount of resistance to rotation of said first crank with respect to said frame as said first crank is moved through a second predetermined angular sector of said rotation of said first crank; (d) a brake sensor associated with said first adjustable brake mechanism and arranged to detect and evaluate said amounts of resistance to rotation being applied to said first crank by said first adjustable brake mechanism; (e) a position sensor arranged to sense and provide an indication of an angular position of said first crank during said rotation at a time when said brake sensor detects said amounts of resistance; and (f) a controller arranged to cause said first adjustable brake mechanism to provide a controlled amount of resistance to rotation of said first crank in addition to said first and second selected amounts of resistance during an exercise session to require a predetermined amount of pedaling effort so as to simulate pedaling effort required for riding a bicycle. 11. The exercise machine of claim 1 wherein one of said input signals is a signal from said position sensor indicative of said angular position of said first crank. 12. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said controller is arranged to receive a plurality of input signals and to cause said first adjustable brake mechanism to regulate said resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to each of said plurality of input signals. 13. The exercise machine of claim 12 wherein said controller periodically computes a total amount of rotation of said first crank during a period of use of said exercise machine and causes said first adjustable brake mechanism to adjust said resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to a predetermined total amount of rotation. 14. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said controller causes said first adjustable brake mechanism to vary said controlled amounts of resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to angular velocity of said first crank. 15. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said controller causes said first adjustable brake mechanism to vary said controlled amounts of resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to determining that said first crank has been rotated through each of a predetermined set of amounts of total crank rotation during an exercise session and wherein said controller thereby varies said predetermined amount of pedaling effort so as to simulate riding a bicycle over a course including a series of various slopes. 16. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said controller causes said first adjustable brake mechanism to vary said controlled amounts of resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to a signal representative of angular velocity of said first crank, and simultaneously to vary said controlled amounts of resistance to simulate a slope along a course including a series of various simulated slopes to require a predetermined amount of varying pedaling effort during an exercise session simulating riding a bicycle along said course. 17. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said controller is arranged to cause said brake mechanism to vary said controlled amounts of resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to an input signal representative of a user's weight. 18. An exercise machine, comprising: a frame; (b) a first crank mounted rotatably on said frame for multiple rotations about an axis of rotation with respect to said frame; (c) a first adjustable brake mechanism, arranged to provide during each of said multiple rotations a first selected amount of resistance to rotation of said first crank with respect to said frame as said first crank is moved through a first predetermined angular sector of said rotation of said first crank, and arranged to provide during each said rotation a different second selected amount of resistance to rotation of said first crank with respect to said frame as said first crank is moved through a second predetermined angular sector of said rotation of said first crank; (d) a brake sensor associated with said first adjustable brake mechanism and arranged to detect and evaluate said resistances to rotation being applied to said first crank by said first adjustable brake mechanism; (e) a position sensor arranged to sense and provide an indication of an angular position of said first crank during said rotation at a time when said brake sensor detects said resistances; and including (f) a controller, and wherein said first adjustable brake mechanism is controlled by said controller to provide resistance to rotation of said first crank simulating reaction to forces used by a runner in taking a step. 19. The exercise machine of claim 1 including a controller and a motor arranged to operate in response to said controller to adjust a pitch attitude of said exercise machine during operation of said exercise machine. 20. The exercise machine of claim 17 wherein said controller is arranged to cause said brake mechanism to vary said controlled amounts of resistance, by an amount and for a time related to said signal representative of a user's weight, in order to require effort realistically simulating effort that would be required of the user to ride a bicycle. 21. The exercise machine of claim 17 wherein said controller is arranged to cause said brake mechanism to reduce said controlled amounts of resistance, by an amount and for a time related to said signal representative of a user's weight, to allow said crank to be rotated at a speed related to a coasting speed of a simulated bicycle without resistance from said brake mechanism, thereby simulating a pedaling effort required for riding said bicycle while coasting. 22. The exercise machine of claim 18 wherein said resistance to rotation of said first crank simulating reaction to forces used by a runner in taking a step includes a first amount of resistance through a larger first angular sector wherein said first crank is being lifted and thereafter is moving downward, and a second, larger, amount of resistance through a second, bottom, angular sector wherein said second amount of resistance simulates reaction to contact of a runner's foot with a supporting surface as the runner takes a step. 23. The exercise machine of claim 22 wherein said second amount of resistance increases steeply and decreases steeply near leading and trailing margins of said second, bottom, angular sector. 24. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said brake sensor is arranged so as to determine and provide an indication of said resistance being provided when said crank is in a selected angular position with respect to said frame. 25. The exercise machine of claim 10 including a second crank mounted rotatably on said frame for rotation about said axis of rotation independent from said first crank. 26. The exercise machine of claim 25 including a second brake mechanism arranged to provide resistance to said second crank independently from resistance provided by said first adjustable brake mechanism. 27. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said first and second selected amounts of resistance are separately adjustable. 28. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said first adjustable brake mechanism is capable of being operated so as to vary said first and second angular sectors. 29. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said first adjustable brake mechanism includes an electrically controlled brake. 30. The exercise machine of claim 10 including a servo system arranged to receive an indication of said angular position of said first crank and to adjust said first adjustable brake mechanism in response to said angular position of said first crank during rotation of said first crank about said axis. 31. The exercise machine of claim 10 wherein said position sensor is arranged to provide to said controller a signal indicating said angular position of said first crank during operation of said exercise machine. 32. The exercise machine of claim 12 wherein one of said input signals is a signal from said position sensor indicative of said angular position of said first crank. 33. The exercise machine of claim 10 including a motor arranged to operate in response to said controller to adjust a pitch attitude of said exercise machine during operation of said exercise machine. 34. The exercise machine of claim 18 wherein said controller is arranged to receive a plurality of input signals and to cause said first adjustable brake mechanism to regulate said amounts of resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to each of said plurality of input signals. 35. The exercise machine of claim 34 wherein one of said input signals is a signal from said position sensor indicative of said angular position of said first crank. 36. The exercise machine of claim 34 wherein said controller periodically computes a total amount of rotation of said first crank during a period of use of said exercise machine and causes said first adjustable brake mechanism to adjust said amounts of resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to a predetermined total amount of rotation. 37. The exercise machine of claim 18 wherein said controller is arranged to cause said first adjustable brake mechanism to vary said amounts of resistance to rotation of said first crank in response to an input signal representative of a user's weight.