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In a process for dyeing a textile web having a first face and a second face opposite the first face, a solvent-based dye having at least one component that has a thermal conductivity substantially greater than that of the solvent is applied to the textile web. The web is then moved, in an open confi

In a process for dyeing a textile web having a first face and a second face opposite the first face, a solvent-based dye having at least one component that has a thermal conductivity substantially greater than that of the solvent is applied to the textile web. The web is then moved, in an open configuration thereof, over a contact surface of an ultrasonic vibration system with the textile web in direct contact with the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system. The ultrasonic vibration system is operated to impart ultrasonic energy to the textile web at the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system. In one embodiment, the dye is applied to the first face of the web and the web is then moved over the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system with the second face of the web in direct contact with the contact surface.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A process for dyeing a textile web, said textile web having a first face and a second face opposite the first face, said method comprising: applying a dye comprising a solvent and at least one particulate component having a thermal conductivity substantially greater than a th

What is claimed is: 1. A process for dyeing a textile web, said textile web having a first face and a second face opposite the first face, said method comprising: applying a dye comprising a solvent and at least one particulate component having a thermal conductivity substantially greater than a thermal conductivity of said solvent to the first face of the textile web other than by saturating the web; moving the second face of the web in an open configuration thereof over a contact surface of an ultrasonic vibration system with the textile web in direct contact with the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system, wherein the first face of the web is free from contact with the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system; and operating the ultrasonic vibration system to impart ultrasonic energy to the textile web at the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system and to facilitate movement of the dye from the first face of the web into and through the web to the second face thereof. 2. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the at least one dye component has a thermal conductivity of at least about 1.0 w/m-K. 3. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the at least one dye component has a thermal conductivity of at least about 5 w/m-K. 4. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the at least one dye component has a thermal conductivity of at least about 30 w/m-K. 5. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the at least one dye component has a thermal conductivity of at least about 100 w/m-K. 6. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein a ratio of the thermal conductivity of said at least one component to the thermal conductivity of water is in the range of about 2:1 to about 400:1. 7. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein a ratio of the thermal conductivity of said at least one component to the thermal conductivity of water is in the range of about 5:1 to about 400:1. 8. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein a ratio of the thermal conductivity of said at least one component to the thermal conductivity of water is in the range of about 50:1 to about 400:1. 9. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the textile web has a width, the process further comprising holding the textile web in uniform tension across the width of the textile web at least at a portion of said textile web in direct contact with the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system, said tension being in the range of about 0.025 to about 3 pounds per inch of width of the textile web. 10. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the ultrasonic vibration system is vibrated at a frequency in the range of about 20 kHz to about 40 kHz. 11. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of operating the ultrasonic vibration system comprises supplying a power input to said system, the power input being in the range of about 0.5 kW to about 2 kw. 12. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the textile web has a width, the ultrasonic vibration system comprising an ultrasonic horn having a terminal end defining said contact surface, said terminal end of the ultrasonic horn having a width that is approximately equal to or greater than the width of the web, the step of moving the web in an open configuration thereof over the contact surface of an ultrasonic vibration system comprising moving the web lengthwise over the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system with the terminal end of the ultrasonic vibration system oriented to extend widthwise across the width of the web with the contact surface in direct contact with the web. 13. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of applying dye directly to the first face of the web comprises applying dye having a viscosity in the range of about 2 to about 100 centipoises to the first face of the web. 14. The process set forth in claim 13 wherein the step of applying dye directly to the first face of the web comprises applying dye having a viscosity in the range of about 2 to about 20 centipoises to the first face of the web. 15. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the dye applying step comprises applying a dye comprising water and at least one component having a thermal conductivity substantially greater than a thermal conductivity of water to the textile web. 16. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the applying the dye comprises applying a dye comprising solvent and at least one component having a thermal conductivity substantially greater than a thermal conductivity of said solvent directly to the first face of the textile web. 17. The process set forth in claim 16 wherein the operating of the ultrasonic vibration system step comprises operating the ultrasonic vibration to impart ultrasonic energy to the second face of the textile web at the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system. 18. The process set forth in claim 1 wherein the operating the ultrasonic vibration system step comprises operating the ultrasonic vibration to impart ultrasonic energy to the second face of the textile web at the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system. 19. A process for dyeing a textile web, said textile web having a first face and a second face opposite the first face, said method comprising: applying a dye comprising a solvent and at least one component having a thermal conductivity substantially greater than a thermal conductivity of said solvent directly to the first face of the textile web and not directly to the second face thereof other than by saturating the web; moving the second face of the web in an open configuration thereof over a contact surface of an ultrasonic vibration system with the second face of the textile web in direct contact with the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system and the first face free from contact with said contact surface; and operating the ultrasonic vibration system to impart ultrasonic energy to the second face of the textile web at the contact surface of the ultrasonic vibration system and to facilitate movement of the dye from the first face of the web into and through the web into the second face thereof. 20. The process set forth in claim 19 wherein the at least one dye component has a thermal conductivity of at least about 1.0 w/m-K. 21. The process set forth in claim 19 wherein the at least one dye component has a thermal conductivity of at least about 5 w/m-K. 22. The process set forth in claim 19 wherein the at least one dye component has a thermal conductivity of at least about 30 w/m-K. 23. The process set forth in claim 19 wherein the at least one dye component has a thermal conductivity of at least about 100 w/m-K. 24. The process set forth in claim 19 wherein a ratio of the thermal conductivity of said at least one component to the thermal conductivity of water is in the range of about 2:1 to about 400:1. 25. The process set forth in claim 19 wherein a ratio of the thermal conductivity of said at least one component to the thermal conductivity of water is in the range of about 5:1 to about 400:1. 26. The process set forth in claim 19 wherein a ratio of the thermal conductivity of said at least one component to the thermal conductivity of water is in the range of about 50:1 to about 400:1. 27. The process set forth in claim 19 wherein the dye applying step comprises applying a dye comprising water and at least one component having a thermal conductivity substantially greater than a thermal conductivity of water directly to the first face of the textile web and not directly to the second face thereof. 28. The process set forth in claim 19 wherein the dye applying step comprises applying a dye comprising solvent and at least one particulate component having a thermal conductivity substantially greater than a thermal conductivity of said solvent directly to the first face of the textile web and not directly to the second face thereof.