IPC분류정보
| 국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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| 국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
| 출원번호 |
UP-0351661
(2006-02-09)
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| 등록번호 |
US-7758660
(2010-08-09)
|
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Zhou, Bing
- Wu, Zhihua
- Fransson, Martin
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| 출원인 / 주소 |
- Headwaters Technology Innovation, LLC
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| 대리인 / 주소 |
|
| 인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
1 인용 특허 :
85 |
초록
▼
Organically complexed nanocatalyst compositions are applied to or mixed with a carbon-containing fuel (e.g., tobacco, coal, briquetted charcoal, biomass, or a liquid hydrocarbon like fuel oils or gasoline) in order to enhance combustion properties of the fuel. Nanocatalyst compositions can be applie
Organically complexed nanocatalyst compositions are applied to or mixed with a carbon-containing fuel (e.g., tobacco, coal, briquetted charcoal, biomass, or a liquid hydrocarbon like fuel oils or gasoline) in order to enhance combustion properties of the fuel. Nanocatalyst compositions can be applied to or mixed with a solid fuel substrate in order to reduce the amount of CO, hydrocarbons, and soot produced by the fuel during combustion. In addition, coal can be treated with inventive nanocatalyst compositions to reduce the amount of NOx produced during combustion (e.g., by removing coal nitrogen in a low oxygen pre-combustion zone of a low NOx burner). The nanocatalyst compositions include nanocatalyst particles made using a dispersing agent. At least a portion of the nanoparticles is crystalline with a spacing between crystal planes greater than about 0.28 nm. The nanocatalyst particles can be activated by heating to a temperature greater than about 75° C., more preferably greater than about 150° C. and most preferably greater than about 250° C.
대표청구항
▼
What is claimed is: 1. A catalyst composition suitable for application to a fuel substrate in order to modify the combustion properties thereof, comprising: a plurality of primary catalyst atoms comprising iron, the catalyst atoms forming a plurality of nanoparticles having a particle size of less
What is claimed is: 1. A catalyst composition suitable for application to a fuel substrate in order to modify the combustion properties thereof, comprising: a plurality of primary catalyst atoms comprising iron, the catalyst atoms forming a plurality of nanoparticles having a particle size of less than 1 micron; at least a portion of the catalyst atoms in the nanoparticles forming a crystal lattice having a plurality of crystal planes exposed at a surface thereof, wherein the spacing between the crystal planes is greater than about 0.28 nm; and a plurality of organic dispersing agent molecules bonded to at least a portion of the catalyst atoms of the nanoparticles, each dispersing agent molecule comprising one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, a carbonyl, an amine, an amide, a nitrile, a nitrogen having a free lone pair of electrons, an amino acid, an amine, a thiol, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonyl halide, and an acyl halide, wherein the dispersing agent molecules are bonded with the catalyst atoms through the one or more functional groups, wherein the catalyst composition has been heat activated by heating to a temperature greater than 150° C. 2. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the spacing between crystal planes is greater than about 0.30 nm. 3. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the spacing between crystal planes is greater than about 0.312 nm. 4. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the catalyst atoms are selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, tin, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, and combinations thereof 5. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the catalyst atoms comprise iron in an Fe3O4 (magnetite) crystal lattice. 6. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1, the nanoparticles having a size less than about 300 nm. 7. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1, the nanoparticles being dispersed in a solvent so as to form a nanocatalyst suspension. 8. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 7, the nanoparticle suspension having a nanoparticle concentration greater than about 1% by weight of the suspension. 9. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 7, the solvent comprising water. 10. A fuel composition having modified combustion properties, comprising: a fuel substrate comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of tobacco, coal, briquetted charcoal, wood, biomass, fuel oil, diesel, jet fuel, gasoline, and liquid hydrocarbons; a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles on and/or mixed with said fuel substrate, said catalyst nanoparticles having a size less than 1 micron and being comprised of: a plurality of primary catalyst atoms comprising iron; at least a portion of the catalyst atoms forming a crystal lattice having a plurality of crystal planes exposed at a surface thereof, wherein the spacing between the crystal planes is greater than about 0.28 nm; and a plurality of organic dispersing agent molecules bonded to at least a portion of the catalyst atoms, each dispersing agent molecule comprising one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, a carbonyl, an amine, an amide, a nitrile, a nitrogen having a free lone pair of electrons, an amino acid, an amine, a thiol, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonyl halide, and an acyl halide, wherein the dispersing agent molecules are bonded with the catalyst atoms through the one or more functional groups, wherein the catalyst nanoparticles have been heat activated by heating to a temperature greater than 75° C. 11. A fuel composition as defined in claim 10, wherein the catalyst atoms comprise iron in an Fe3O4 (magnetite) crystal lattice. 12. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 10, wherein the spacing between crystal planes is greater than about 0.30 nm. 13. A fuel composition as defined in claim 10, the catalyst nanoparticles comprising less than about 2.5% by weight of the fuel composition. 14. A fuel composition as defined in claim 10, the dispersing agent molecules comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycolic acid, glucose, citric acid, glycine, ethanolamine, mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptoacetate, sulfobenzyl alcohol, suflobenzoic acid, sulfobenzyl thiol, and sulfobenzyl amine. 15. A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the catalyst composition has been heat activated by heating to a temperature greater than about 250° C. 16. A fuel composition as defined in claim 10, wherein the catalyst composition has been heat activated by heating to a temperature greater than 150° C. 17. A fuel composition as defined in claim 10, wherein the catalyst composition has been heat activated by heating to a temperature greater than about 250° C. 18. A method of combusting a fuel composition having modified combustion properties, the method comprising: obtaining a fuel composition comprised of: a fuel substrate comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of tobacco, coal, briquetted charcoal, wood, biomass, fuel oil, diesel, jet fuel, gasoline, and liquid hydrocarbons; a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles on and/or mixed with said fuel substrate, said catalyst nanoparticles having a size less than 1 micron and being comprised of: a plurality of primary catalyst atoms comprising iron; at least a portion of the catalyst atoms forming a crystal lattice having a plurality of crystal planes exposed at a surface thereof, wherein the spacing between the crystal planes is greater than about 0.28 nm; and a plurality of organic dispersing agent molecules bonded to at least a portion of the catalyst atoms, each dispersing agent molecule comprising one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, a carbonyl, an amine, an amide, a nitrile, a nitrogen having a free lone pair of electrons, an amino acid, an amine, a thiol, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonyl halide, and an acyl halide, wherein the dispersing agent molecules are bonded with the catalyst atoms through the one or more functional groups wherein the catalyst nanoparticles have been heat activated by heating to a temperature greater than 75° C.; and combusting the fuel composition in the presence of oxygen, the catalyst nanoparticles enhancing combustion efficiency of the fuel composition compared to combustion of the fuel substrate in the absence of the catalyst nanoparticles.
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