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A heat exchanger is provided for transferring heat to a working fluid. The heat exchanger comprises a housing having a plurality of grooves formed in a surface of the housing. The grooves have a first end and a second end, and define fluid flow channels. Each channel has a fluid flow inlet and a flu

A heat exchanger is provided for transferring heat to a working fluid. The heat exchanger comprises a housing having a plurality of grooves formed in a surface of the housing. The grooves have a first end and a second end, and define fluid flow channels. Each channel has a fluid flow inlet and a fluid flow outlet. The fluid flow inlets of an alternating first set of channels are adjacent to the first end of the grooves, and the fluid flow inlets of a second set of alternating channels are adjacent to the second end of the grooves. The first set of channels and the second set of channels are arranged such that fluid in immediately adjacent channels flows in opposite directions.

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What is claimed is: 1. A heat exchanger for transferring heat from a heat source to a working fluid, the heat exchanger comprising a housing having a plurality of grooves formed in a surface of the housing, the grooves having a first end and a second end and defining fluid flow channels open at one

What is claimed is: 1. A heat exchanger for transferring heat from a heat source to a working fluid, the heat exchanger comprising a housing having a plurality of grooves formed in a surface of the housing, the grooves having a first end and a second end and defining fluid flow channels open at one end, each channel having a fluid flow inlet at the open end and closed at the other end, and a fluid flow outlet at the closed end, the fluid flow inlets at the open ends of an alternating first set of the fluid flow channels adjacent to the first end of the grooves, and the fluid flow inlets at the open ends of a second set of alternating fluid flow channels adjacent to the second end of the grooves, wherein the first set of the fluid flow channels and the second set of the fluid flow channels are arranged such that fluid in immediately adjacent channels flows in opposite directions, the housing defining a distribution manifold having a pair of openings onto the surface of the housing, one of the pair of openings adjacent the first end of the grooves and the other of the pair of openings adjacent the second end of the grooves for supplying fluid to the fluid flow channels, wherein the one and the other of the pair of distribution manifold openings extend continuously the full length of the ends of the plurality of grooves such that the openings are in fluid communication with the open ends of the fluid flow channels, and the housing defining a return manifold for removing fluid, wherein the return manifold is in fluid communication with the fluid flow outlets of the alternating first set of fluid flow channels at the second end and the alternating second set of fluid flow channels at the first end. 2. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the housing is substantially cylindrical. 3. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the housing is formed from silicon, metal, ceramics, glass, graphite, single crystal diamond, polycrystalline diamond, a polymer, or combinations thereof. 4. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 3, wherein the metal from which the housing is formed is selected from aluminum, nickel, copper, stainless steel, steel alloys, or combinations thereof. 5. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the surface of the housing is substantially optically flat. 6. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the grooves are substantially straight. 7. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 6, wherein the grooves are substantially parallel. 8. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the grooves are substantially curved. 9. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the channels are open. 10. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 9, wherein the cross-section of the channels is substantially U-shaped. 11. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the grooves have a bottom wall, a top wall, and at least two side walls extending between and interconnecting the bottom and top walls. 12. A heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the channels is substantially circular. 13. A system for controlling temperature of a heat source, the system comprising: a heat generating component having a surface; a heat exchanger having a surface adapted for thermal communication with the surface of the heat generating component, the heat exchanger including a housing having a plurality of grooves formed in the surface of the housing, the grooves having a first end and a second end and defining fluid flow channels open at one end, each channel having a fluid flow inlet at the open end and closed at the other end, and a fluid flow outlet at the closed end, the fluid flow inlets at the open ends of an alternating first set of the fluid flow channels adjacent to the first end of the grooves, and the fluid flow inlets at the open ends of a second set of alternating fluid flow channels adjacent to the second end of the grooves, the housing defining a distribution manifold having a pair of openings onto the surface of the housing, one of the pair of openings adjacent the first end of the grooves and the other of the pair of openings adjacent the second end of the grooves for supplying fluid to the fluid flow channels, wherein the one and the other of the pair of distribution manifold openings extend continuously the full length of the ends of the plurality of grooves such that the openings are in fluid communication with the open ends of the fluid flow channels, and the housing defining a return manifold for removing fluid, wherein the return manifold is in fluid communication with the fluid flow outlets of the alternating first set of the fluid flow channels at the second end and the alternating second set of the fluid flow channels at the first end; and a working fluid, wherein the first set of the fluid flow channels and the second set of the fluid flow channels are arranged such that the working fluid in immediately adjacent fluid flow channels flows in opposite directions. 14. A system as recited in claim 13, wherein the housing is formed from silicon, metal, ceramics, glass, graphite, single crystal diamond, polycrystalline diamond, a polymer, or combinations thereof. 15. A system as recited in claim 14, wherein the metal from which the housing is formed is selected from aluminum, nickel, copper, stainless steel, steel alloys, or combinations thereof. 16. A system as recited in claim 13, wherein the surface of the heat generating component and the surface of the housing are substantially optically flat. 17. A system as recited in claim 13, wherein the grooves are substantially straight. 18. A system as recited in claim 17, wherein the grooves are substantially parallel. 19. A system as recited in claim 13, wherein the grooves are substantially curved. 20. A system as recited in claim 13, wherein the channels are open so that the working fluid is in direct contact with the heat generating component. 21. A system as recited in claim 13, wherein the grooves have a bottom wall, a top wall, and at least two side walls extending between and interconnecting the bottom and top walls. 22. A method for controlling temperature of a heat source having a surface, the method comprising the steps of: providing a heat exchanger including a housing having a surface adapted for thermal communication with the surface of the heat source, the housing having a plurality of grooves formed in the surface of the housing, the grooves having a first end and a second end and defining fluid flow channels open at one end, each channel having a fluid flow inlet at the open end and closed at the other end, and a fluid flow outlet at the closed end, the fluid flow inlets at the open ends of an alternating first set of the fluid flow channels adjacent to the first end of the grooves, and the fluid flow inlets at the open ends of a second set of alternating fluid flow channels adjacent to the second end of the grooves, the housing defining a distribution manifold having a pair of openings onto the surface of the housing, one of the pair of openings adjacent the first end of the grooves and the other of the pair of openings adjacent the second end of the grooves for supplying fluid to the fluid flow channels, wherein the one and the other of the pair of distribution manifold openings extend continuously the full length of the ends of the plurality of grooves such that the openings are in fluid communication with the open ends of the fluid flow channels, and the housing defining a return manifold for removing fluid, wherein the return manifold is in fluid communication with the fluid flow outlets of the alternating first set of the fluid flow channels at the second end and the alternating second set of the fluid flow channels at the first end; providing a working fluid; and supplying the working fluid to the fluid flow channels such that the working fluid in immediately adjacent fluid flow channels flows in opposite directions for transferring heat from the heat source to the working fluid. 23. A method for controlling temperature of a heat source as recited in claim 22, wherein the grooves are substantially straight. 24. A method for controlling temperature of a heat source as recited in claim 23, wherein the grooves are substantially parallel. 25. A method for controlling temperature of a heat source as recited in claim 22, wherein the grooves are substantially curved. 26. A method for controlling temperature of a heat source as recited in claim 22, wherein the channels are open so that the working fluid is in direct contact with the heat source. 27. A method for controlling temperature of a heat source as recited in claim 22, wherein the grooves have a bottom wall, a top wall, and at least two side walls extending between and interconnecting the bottom and top walls.