초록

Polyamine cross-linked polysiloxanes, such as functionalized polysiloxane cross-linked with a polyalkylenepolyamine are described herein. The polyamine cross-linked polysiloxanes may be used in an antifouling composition to prevent biological fouling in marine environments.

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What is claimed is: 1. A substrate having an antifouling coating on a surface thereof; wherein the coating comprises a polymeric material which includes polyamine cross-linked polysiloxane and/or salts thereof; and the polyamine cross-linked polysiloxane is prepared by reacting a mixture which incl

What is claimed is: 1. A substrate having an antifouling coating on a surface thereof; wherein the coating comprises a polymeric material which includes polyamine cross-linked polysiloxane and/or salts thereof; and the polyamine cross-linked polysiloxane is prepared by reacting a mixture which includes alkoxysilyl functionalized polyamine and silanol terminated polysiloxane. 2. The coated substrate of claim 1 wherein the polyamine cross-linked polysiloxane comprises polyalkylenepolyamine subunits, which have an average molecular weight of at least about 500 g/mol. 3. The coated substrate of claim 1 wherein the polymeric material is prepared by reacting a mixture comprising the silanol terminated polysiloxane; and polyalkylenepolyamine having the following formula: wherein x is an integer from 0 to 125; z is an integer from 0 to 25; when z is zero, at least one of EC1 or EC2 is trialkoxysilylalkyl or dialkoxyalkylsilylalkyl; x+z is at least 3; EC1 and EC2 are end cap groups; L1 is a linking group; R is alkylene; R1 is alkoxy; R2 and R3 are independently alkoxy or alkyl. 4. The coated substrate of claim 3 wherein R is ethylene or propylene; R1 and R2 are methoxy; at least one of EC1 and EC2 is trialkoxysilylalkyl or dialkoxyalkylsilylalkyl; and the polyalkylenepolyamine has an average molecular weight of at least about 500 g/mol. 5. The coated substrate of claim 1 wherein the silanol terminated polysiloxane has the formula: wherein R7, R8, and R9 are independently alkyl; A is a an amino containing pendant group; n is 0 to 5000; m is 0 to 2000; and n+m is at least 10. 6. The coated substrate of claim 5 wherein the silanol terminated polysiloxane comprises one or more covalently-bound biocidal groups, which are toxic to organisms that cause fouling in an aquatic environment; wherein R7, R8, and R9 are methyl; and the silanol terminated polysiloxane is a random copolymer. 7. The coated substrate of claim 1 wherein the polyamine cross-linked polysiloxane includes about 5 to 35 wt % polyalkylenepolyamine subunits. 8. A method of coating a substrate comprising: applying a mixture, which includes polyamine cross-linking agent and a polysiloxane, to the substrate; wherein the mixture comprises alkoxysilyl functionalized polyamine and silanol terminated polysiloxane. 9. A polymeric material prepared by reacting a mixture which includes alkoxysilyl functionalized polyamine and silanol terminated polysiloxane; wherein the polymeric material comprises polyalkylenepolyamine subunits having a molecular weight of at least about 500 g/mol. 10. The polymeric material of claim 9, wherein the alkoxysilyl functionalized polyamine is represented by a formula: wherein x is an integer from 0 to 125; z is an integer from 0 to 25; when z is zero, at least one of EC1 or EC2 is trialkoxysilylalkyl or dialkoxyalkylsilylalkyl; x+z is at least 3; EC1 and EC2 are end cap groups; L1 is a linking group; R is alkylene; R1 is alkoxy; R2 and R3 are independently alkoxy or alkyl; and the silanol terminated polysiloxane is represented by a formula: wherein R7, R8, and R9 are independently alkyl; A is an amino containing pendant group; n is 0 to 5000; m is 0 to 2000; and n+m is at least 10. 11. The polymeric material of claim 10, wherein the amino containing pendant group includes a compound having the formula wherein R10 and R11 are independently alkylene; and y is a positive integer. 12. The polymeric material of claim 11, wherein R10 and R11 are independently linear or branched alkylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. 13. The polymeric material of claim 10, wherein the silanol terminated polysiloxane has an average molecular weight of at least about 5,000 g/mol. 14. The polymeric material of claim 10, wherein L1 is alkylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. 15. The polymeric material of claim 10, wherein EC1 and EC2 independently H, trialkoxysilylalkyl, or dialkoxyalkylsilylalkyl. 16. An antimicrobial polymer coating comprising polyamine cross-linked polysiloxane and/or salts thereof; wherein the polyamine cross-linked polysiloxane is prepared by reacting a mixture which includes alkoxysilyl functionalized polyamine and silanol terminated polysiloxane. 17. The antimicrobial polymer coating of claim 16, wherein the alkoxysilyl functionalized polyamine has an average molecular weight of at least about 500 g/mol and no more than about 5,000 g/mol. 18. The antimicrobial polymer coating of claim 16, wherein the alkoxysilyl functionalized polyamine includes one or more dialkoxyalkylsilylalkyl groups and/or trialkoxysilylalkyl groups. 19. A method of forming a coating on a substrate comprising: applying a mixture, which includes polyamine cross-linking agent and a polysiloxane, to a surface of the substrate; wherein the polyamine cross-linking agent comprises alkoxysilyl functionalized polyamine; and the polysiloxane comprises silanol terminated polysiloxane.