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Apparatus and method for forming thin layers on a substrate are provided. A processing chamber has a gas delivery assembly that comprises a lid with a cap portion and a covering member that together define an expanding channel at a central portion of the lid, the covering member having a tapered bot

Apparatus and method for forming thin layers on a substrate are provided. A processing chamber has a gas delivery assembly that comprises a lid with a cap portion and a covering member that together define an expanding channel at a central portion of the lid, the covering member having a tapered bottom surface extending from the expanding channel to a peripheral portion of the covering member. Gas conduits are coupled to the expanding channel and positioned at an angle from a center of the expanding channel to form a circular gas flow through the expanding channel, The bottom surface of the chamber lid is shaped and sized to substantially cover the substrate receiving surface. One or more valves are coupled to the passageway, and one or more gas sources are coupled to each valve. A choke is disposed on the chamber lid adjacent a perimeter of the tapered bottom surface.

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The invention claimed is: 1. A chamber for processing substrates, comprising: a substrate support having a substrate receiving surface; a chamber lid comprising: an expanding channel at a central portion of the chamber lid; a tapered bottom surface extending from the expanding channel to a peripher

The invention claimed is: 1. A chamber for processing substrates, comprising: a substrate support having a substrate receiving surface; a chamber lid comprising: an expanding channel at a central portion of the chamber lid; a tapered bottom surface extending from the expanding channel to a peripheral portion of the chamber lid, wherein the tapered bottom surface is shaped and sized to substantially cover the substrate receiving surface; a first conduit coupled to a first gas inlet within the expanding channel; and a second conduit coupled to a second gas inlet within the expanding channel, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are positioned to provide a gas flow in a circular direction through the expanding channel and across a substrate positioned on the substrate receiving surface, wherein the gas flow proceeds in a laminar manner from a center of the substrate to an outer edge of the substrate. 2. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a first valve is coupled to the first conduit and a second valve is coupled to the second conduit. 3. The chamber of claim 2, wherein a first gas source is in fluid communication to the first conduit and the first valve, and independently, a second gas source is in fluid communication to the second conduit and the second valve. 4. The chamber of claim 3, wherein the first and second valves enable an atomic layer deposition process with a pulse time of about 1 second or less. 5. The chamber of claim 4, wherein the pulse time is within a range from about 0.05 seconds to about 0.5 seconds. 6. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are independently positioned to direct gas at an inner surface of the expanding channel. 7. The chamber of claim 6, wherein the gas flow has the circular direction selected from the group consisting of vortex, helix, spiral and derivatives thereof. 8. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are independently positioned at an angle from a center axis of the expanding channel. 9. The chamber of claim 8, wherein the angle is greater than 0°. 10. The chamber of claim 9, wherein the gas flow has the circular direction selected from the group consisting of vortex, helix, spiral and derivatives thereof. 11. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a reaction zone containing a volume of about 3,000 cm3 or less is defined between the chamber lid and the substrate receiving surface. 12. The chamber of claim 11, wherein the volume is about 1,500 cm3 or less. 13. The chamber of claim 12, wherein the volume is about 600 cm3 or less. 14. The chamber of claim 11, wherein the volume is adjusted by vertically positioning the substrate support. 15. The chamber of claim 14, wherein the chamber lid comprises a heating element. 16. The chamber of claim 15, wherein the substrate support comprises a second heating element. 17. A chamber for processing substrates, comprising: a substrate support having a substrate receiving surface; a chamber lid comprising: an expanding channel at a central portion of the chamber lid; a first conduit coupled to a first gas inlet within the expanding channel; and a second conduit coupled to a second gas inlet within the expanding channel, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are positioned to provide a gas flow in a circular direction; and a first valve coupled to the first conduit and a second valve coupled to the second conduit, where the first and second valves enable an atomic layer deposition process with a pulse time of about 1 second or less. 18. The chamber of claim 17, wherein the pulse time is within a range from about 0.05 seconds to about 0.5 seconds. 19. The chamber of claim 18, wherein a first gas source is in fluid communication to the first conduit and the first valve, and independently, a second gas source is in fluid communication to the second conduit and the second valve. 20. The chamber of claim 17, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are independently positioned to direct gas at an inner surface of the expanding channel. 21. The chamber of claim 20, wherein the gas flow has the circular direction selected from the group consisting of vortex, helix, spiral and derivatives thereof. 22. The chamber of claim 17, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are independently positioned at an angle from a center axis of the expanding channel. 23. The chamber of claim 22, wherein the angle is greater than 0°. 24. The chamber of claim 23, wherein the gas flow has the circular direction selected from the group consisting of vortex, helix, spiral and derivatives thereof. 25. The chamber of claim 17, wherein a reaction zone containing a volume of about 3,000 cm3 or less is defined between the chamber lid and the substrate receiving surface. 26. The chamber of claim 25, wherein the volume is about 1,500 cm3 or less. 27. The chamber of claim 26, wherein the volume is about 600 cm3 or less. 28. The chamber of claim 25, wherein the volume is adjusted by vertically positioning the substrate support. 29. The chamber of claim 28, wherein the chamber lid comprises a heating element. 30. The chamber of claim 29, wherein the substrate support comprises a second heating element. 31. A chamber for processing substrates, comprising: a substrate support having a substrate receiving surface; a chamber lid comprising: an expanding channel at a central portion of the chamber lid; and a tapered bottom surface extending from the expanding channel to a peripheral portion of the chamber lid, wherein the tapered bottom surface is shaped and sized to substantially cover the substrate receiving surface; a reaction zone containing a volume of about 1,000 cm3 or less is defined between the chamber lid and the substrate receiving surface; and a gas delivery system comprising: at least one gas conduit coupled to the expanding channel; at least one valve coupled to the at least one gas conduit; and at least one gas source in fluid communication to the at least one valve. 32. The chamber of claim 31, wherein the volume is about 500 cm3 or less. 33. The chamber of claim 32, wherein the volume is about 200 cm3 or less. 34. The chamber of claim 33, wherein the volume is adjusted by vertically positioning the substrate support. 35. The chamber of claim 34, wherein the chamber lid comprises a heating element. 36. The chamber of claim 35, wherein the substrate support comprises a second heating element. 37. The chamber of claim 31, wherein the at least one gas conduit is positioned at an angle from a center axis of the expanding channel. 38. The chamber of claim 37, wherein the angle is greater than 0°. 39. The chamber of claim 38, wherein the angle enables a gas flow with a circular direction selected from the group consisting of vortex, helix, spiral and derivatives thereof. 40. The chamber of claim 31, wherein the at least one gas conduit is positioned to provide a gas flow in a circular direction. 41. The chamber of claim 40, wherein the gas flow has the circular direction selected from the group consisting of vortex, helix, spiral and derivatives thereof. 42. The chamber of claim 40, wherein the at least one gas conduit is positioned to direct gas at an inner surface of the expanding channel. 43. The chamber of claim 31, wherein the at least one valve enables an atomic layer deposition process with a pulse time of about 1 second or less. 44. The chamber of claim 43, wherein the pulse time is within a range from about 0.05 seconds to about 0.5 seconds. 45. A chamber for processing substrates, comprising: a substrate support having a substrate receiving surface; a chamber lid comprising: an expanding channel at a central portion of the chamber lid; and a tapered bottom surface extending from the expanding channel to a peripheral portion of the chamber lid, wherein the tapered bottom surface is shaped and sized to substantially cover the substrate receiving surface; a reaction zone containing a volume of about 3,000 cm3 or less is defined between the chamber lid and the substrate receiving surface; and a gas delivery system comprising: at least one gas conduit coupled to the expanding channel; at least one valve coupled to the at least one gas conduit; and at least one gas source in fluid communication to the at least one valve. 46. The chamber of claim 45, wherein the volume is about 1,500 cm3 or less. 47. The chamber of claim 46, wherein the volume is about 600 cm3 or less. 48. The chamber of claim 45, wherein the volume is adjusted by vertically positioning the substrate support. 49. The chamber of claim 48, wherein the chamber lid comprises a heating element. 50. The chamber of claim 49, wherein the substrate support comprises a second heating element. 51. The chamber of claim 45, wherein the at least one gas conduit is positioned at an angle from a center axis of the expanding channel. 52. The chamber of claim 46, wherein the angle is greater than 0°. 53. The chamber of claim 52, wherein the angle enables a gas flow with a circular direction selected from the group consisting of vortex, helix, spiral and derivatives thereof. 54. The chamber of claim 45, wherein the at least one gas conduit is positioned to provide a gas flow in a circular direction. 55. The chamber of claim 54, wherein the gas flow has the circular direction selected from the group consisting of vortex, helix, spiral and derivatives thereof. 56. The chamber of claim 54, wherein the at least one gas conduit is positioned to direct gas at an inner surface of the expanding channel. 57. The chamber of claim 45, wherein the at least one valve enables an atomic layer deposition process with a pulse time of about 1 second or less. 58. The chamber of claim 57, wherein the pulse time is within a range from about 0.05 seconds to about 0.5 seconds. 59. A chamber for processing substrates, comprising: a substrate support having a substrate receiving surface; a chamber lid comprising: an expanding channel at a central portion of the chamber lid; a first conduit coupled to a first gas inlet within the expanding channel; and a second conduit coupled to a second gas inlet within the expanding channel, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are positioned to provide a gas flow in a circular direction; a first valve coupled to the first conduit and a second valve coupled to the second conduit, where the first and second valves enable an atomic layer deposition process with a pulse time of about 1 second or less; and a first gas source coupled to and in fluid communication to the first conduit and the first valve, and independently, a second gas source coupled to and in fluid communication to the second conduit and the second valve. 60. The chamber of claim 59, wherein the pulse time is within a range from about 0.05 seconds to about 0.5 seconds. 61. A chamber for processing substrates, comprising: a substrate support having a substrate receiving surface; a chamber lid comprising: an expanding channel at a central portion of the chamber lid; a tapered bottom surface extending from the expanding channel to a peripheral portion of the chamber lid, wherein the tapered bottom surface is shaped and sized to substantially cover the substrate receiving surface; a first conduit coupled to a first gas inlet within the expanding channel; a second conduit coupled to a second gas inlet within the expanding channel, wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are positioned to provide a gas flow in a circular direction through the expanding channel and across a substrate positioned on the substrate receiving surface, wherein the gas flow proceeds in a laminar manner from a center of the substrate to an outer edge of the substrate; a first valve coupled to the first conduit; and a second valve coupled to the second conduit, and the first and second valves enable an atomic layer deposition process having a pulse time of about 1 second or less. 62. The chamber of claim 61, wherein the first conduit and the first gas inlet are coupled to and in fluid communication with a first precursor gas source, and independently, the second conduit and the second gas inlet are coupled to and in fluid communication with a second precursor gas source.