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A structural insulated panel, which includes a carbon foam core having a high ratio of compressive strength to density, desirable fire retardant properties, and resistance to environmental stress. The carbon foam structural insulated panel also includes a first layer and a second layer bound to a fi

A structural insulated panel, which includes a carbon foam core having a high ratio of compressive strength to density, desirable fire retardant properties, and resistance to environmental stress. The carbon foam structural insulated panel also includes a first layer and a second layer bound to a first surface and second surface of the carbon foam core. Applications of the carbon foam structural insulated panel include structural and fire retardant elements of residential and commercial buildings, aircraft and also watercraft.

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What is claimed is: 1. A structural insulated panel comprising a carbon foam material with a bimodal pore distribution with at least about 90% of the pore volume about 10 to about 150 microns in diameter and at least about 1% of the pore volume about 0.8 to about 3.5 microns, the carbon foam materi

What is claimed is: 1. A structural insulated panel comprising a carbon foam material with a bimodal pore distribution with at least about 90% of the pore volume about 10 to about 150 microns in diameter and at least about 1% of the pore volume about 0.8 to about 3.5 microns, the carbon foam material having a compressive strength of greater than about 2000 psi and a liquid permeability of no greater than about 3.0 darcys. 2. The structural insulated panel of claim 1 further comprising: a first outer layer bound to a first surface of the carbon foam material; and a second outer layer bound to a second surface of the carbon foam material. 3. The structural insulated panel of claim 2 wherein the outer layers are selected from the group consisting of paper, reinforced paper composites, oriented strand board, fiber-board, drywall, gypsum, gypsum composites, wood, wood composites, plywood, thermoplastics, plastic composites, resins, metals, metal alloys, metal composites, and combinations thereof. 4. The structural insulated panel of claim 1 wherein the carbon foam material has a ratio of compressive strength to density of from about 1000 psi/(g/cc) to about 20000 psi/(g/cc). 5. The structural insulated panel of claim 1 wherein the carbon foam material has a thermal conductivity of from about 0.06 W/mK to about 0.3 W/mK. 6. The structural insulated panel of claim 1 wherein the carbon foam material includes a coating on the carbon foam's exterior surface. 7. The structural insulated panel of claim 6 wherein the coating improves fire retardancy of the carbon foam material. 8. The structural insulated panel of claim 7 wherein the coating improves oxidation resistance of the carbon foam material. 9. The structural insulated panel of claim 1 further comprising a layer of compressed particles of exfoliated graphite on at least one surface of the carbon foam material. 10. A structural insulated panel apparatus comprising: a carbon foam material with a bimodal pore distribution with at least about 90% of the pore volume about 15 microns to about 95 microns in diameter and at least about 1% of the pore volume about 0.8 to about 3.5 microns in diameter, the carbon foam material having a liquid permeability of no greater than about 3 darcys and having a compressive strength of greater than about 2000 psi, the carbon foam material having a first surface and a second surface; a first outer layer bound to the first surface; and a second outer layer bound to the second surface. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the carbon foam material comprises non-graphitizing, glassy carbon. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the carbon foam material includes a thermal conductivity of between about 0.06 W/mK and about 0.3 W/mK. 13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the carbon foam material further comprises an oxidation inhibiting additive. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the oxidation inhibiting additive is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, zinc phosphate, boric acid and combinations thereof. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising: a layer of compressed particles of exfoliated graphite on at least one surface of the carbon foam material. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first and second outer layers are selected from the group consisting of paper, reinforced paper composites, oriented strand board, fiberboard, drywall, gypsum, gypsum composites, wood, wood composites, plywood, thermoplastics, plastic composites, resins, metals, metal alloys, metal composites, and combinations thereof.