The present invention is directed to the production of nanostructures, e.g., single wall carbon nanotubes (“SWNT”) and/or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (“MWNT”), from solutions containing a polymer, such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN). In particular, the invention is directed t
The present invention is directed to the production of nanostructures, e.g., single wall carbon nanotubes (“SWNT”) and/or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (“MWNT”), from solutions containing a polymer, such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN). In particular, the invention is directed to the production of nanostructures, for example, SWNT and/or MWNT, from mixtures, e.g., solutions, containing polyacrylonitrile, polyaniline emeraldine base (PANi) or a salt thereof, an iron salt, e.g., iron chloride, and a solvent. In one embodiment, a mixture containing polyacrylonitrile, polyaniline emeraldine base or a salt thereof, an iron salt, e.g., iron chloride, and a solvent is formed and the mixture is electrospun to form nanofibers. In another embodiment, the electrospun nanofibers are then oxidized, e.g., heated in air, and subsequently pyrolyzed to form carbon nanostructures.
대표청구항▼
What is claimed is: 1. A method for producing carbon nanotubes, comprising the steps of: (a) forming a polymer solution including an organic solvent and a polymer that includes at least one of polyacrylonitrile and polyimide; (b) electrospinning the polymer solution to form nanofibers having diamet
What is claimed is: 1. A method for producing carbon nanotubes, comprising the steps of: (a) forming a polymer solution including an organic solvent and a polymer that includes at least one of polyacrylonitrile and polyimide; (b) electrospinning the polymer solution to form nanofibers having diameters in a range of between about 1 nanometer and about 10 nanometers; and (c) heating and pyrolyzing the fibers to form single-wall carbon nanotubes. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymer solution includes between about 1 and about 10 weight percent polyacrylonitrile. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the polymer solution includes between about 3 and about 5 weight percent polyacrylonitrile. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer solution further includes a salt. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the salt is an iron salt. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the iron salt includes iron chloride. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the polymer solution includes greater than zero and up to about 0.5 weight percent iron salt. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the polymer solution includes between about 0.05 and about 0.15 weight percent an iron salt. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer includes a conductive polymer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the conductive polymer includes at least one of polyaniline and polyethylene dioxythiophene. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the polymer solution further includes a metal salt. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the metal salt is iron chloride. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymer solution includes greater than zero and up to about 1 weight percent polyaniline emeraldine base or a salt thereof. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the polymer solution includes between about 0.3 and about 0.5 weight percent polyaniline emeraldine base or a salt thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein pyrolization of the fibers causes formation of carbon nanostructures that include the single wall nanotubes, wherein at least about 50% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter greater than 2 nanometers and have a diameter within 20 nanometers of each other. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein at least about 60% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter greater than 2 nanometers and have a diameter within 20 nanometers of each other. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least about 70% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter greater than 2 nanometers and have a diameter within 20 nanometers of each other. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein at least about 80% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter greater than 2 nanometers and have a diameter within 20 nanometers of each other. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein at least about 90% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter greater than 2 nanometers and have a diameter within 20 nanometers of each other. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein at least about 95% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter greater than 2 nanometers and have a diameter within 20 nanometers of each other. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein at least about 50% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter within about 10 nanometers of each other. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein at least about 60% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter within about 10 nanometers of each other. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein at least about 70% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter within about 10 nanometers of each other. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein at least about 80% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter within about 10 nanometers of each other. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein at least about 90% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter within about 10 nanometers of each other. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein at least about 95% of the carbon nanostructures have a diameter within about 10 nanometers of each other. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the fibers are pyrolyzed at a temperature in the range of between about 900° C. to about 2,400° C. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the fibers are pyrolyzed at a temperature in the range of between about 1,000° C. to about 2,000° C. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the fibers are pyrolyzed at a temperature in the range of between about 1,100° C. to about 1,600° C. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the fibers are pyrolyzed at a temperature in the range of between about 1,300° C. to about 1,500° C. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the fibers are pyrolyzed at a temperature in the range of between about 1,300° C. to about 1,400° C. 32. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanotubes are heated in air at a temperature in a range of between about 300° C. to about 350° C., for a period of time in a range of between about 5 minutes and about 60 minutes, and then placed in a tube furnace with an oxygen-free nitrogen purge, heated to a temperature of about 2,400° C. and then pyrolyzed for a period of time in a range of between about one minute and about five hours.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (13)
McCrady Paul E. (Columbus OH) Reif Robert B. (Grove City OH), Apparatus for spinning textile fibers.
Moy, David; Niu, Chunming; Ma, Jun; Willey, James M., Carbide and oxycarbide based compositions, rigid porous structures including the same, methods of making and using the same.
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