[특허]Fuel processor dewar and methods

UltraCell Corporation

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특허 상세정보

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Fuel processor dewar and methods

특허상세정보
국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	C01B-003/02
미국특허분류(USC)	423/648.1
출원번호	UP-0830181 (2007-07-30)
등록번호	US-7807130 (2010-10-26)
발명자 / 주소	Kaye, Ian W. Khan, Qailmas
출원인 / 주소	UltraCell Corporation
대리인 / 주소	Beyer Law Group LLP
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 0 인용 특허 : 84

초록
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Described herein is a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel source. The fuel processor comprises a reformer and burner. The reformer includes a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen from the fuel source. Voluminous reformer chamber designs are provided that increase the amount of catalyst that can be used in a reformer and increase hydrogen output for a given fuel processor size. The burner provides heat to the reformer. One or more burners may be configured to surround a reformer on multiple sides to increase thermal transfer to the reformer. Dewars are also described that increase thermal management of a fuel processor and increase burner efficiency. A dewar includes one or more dewar chambers that receive inlet process gas or liquid before a burner receives the process gas or liquid. The dewar is arranged such that process gas or liquid passing through the dewar chamber intercepts heat generated in the burner before the heat escapes the fuel processor.

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청구항
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What is claimed is: 1. A method for generating hydrogen in a fuel processor, the fuel processor comprising a burner, a reformer and a dewar that at least partially contains the burner and reformer, the method comprising: combusting a fuel source in the burner to generate heat in burner; transferring heat from the burner to a dewar chamber via conductive heat transfer using a wall shared by the dewar chamber and the burner; passing a process gas or liquid through the dewar chamber bordered by the wall shared by the dewar chamber and the burner; recycling the heat transferred from the burner back into the burner, wherein recycling comprises: heating the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber using heat transferred to the dewar wall from the burner; and supplying the process gas to the burner or reformer by supplying pre-heated process gas from the dewar chamber directly to the burner after it has been heated in the dewar chamber to form a pre-heated gas or liquid; transferring heat generated in the burner to the reformer; and reforming the fuel source to produce hydrogen. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the process gas or liquid passes through the dewar chamber in a direction that at least partially counters a direction that the process gas or liquid passes through the burner chamber. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the combusting further comprises heating a heating element in the burner before combusting the fuel source. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the fuel processor comprises a housing that contains the dewar. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising: passing the process gas or liquid through a second dewar chamber before the dewar chamber receives the process gas or liquid, the second dewar chamber formed between the housing and the dewar wall; and heating the process gas or liquid in the second dewar chamber using heat generated in the burner. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the heat generated in the burner transfers to a second dewar wall via radiative heat transfer from the wall shared by the dewar and the burner. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the dewar includes a radiative layer disposed on the second wall that improves radiative heat reflectance of the second wall. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein heating the process gas or liquid comprises convective heat transfer between the shared wall and the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the combusting further comprising: providing the fuel source to the burner; and combusting the fuel source using a burner catalyst contained in the burner chamber to generate heat. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising conductively transferring heat generated from the burner catalyst to the wall shared by the dewar and the burner. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the dewar comprises a wall that spirals in a cross section around the burner. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the fuel processor includes a monolithic structure that includes a single material and forms a wall of a reformer chamber included in the reformer, a wall of a burner chamber included in the burner, and a wall of a dewar chamber included in the dewar. 13. A method for managing heat in a portable fuel cell system that includes a fuel processor, the fuel processor comprising a burner, a reformer and a dewar that at least partially contains the burner, the method comprising: combusting a fuel source in the burner to generate heat in a burner chamber; passing a process gas or liquid through a dewar chamber, wherein the dewar comprises a wall that spirals in a cross section around the burner; and heating the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber using heat generated in the burner to form a pre-heated gas or liquid, wherein the burner operates at a temperature greater than about 200 degrees Celsius and wherein the dewar chamber is configured to progressively warm the process gas or liquid as it passes toward the burner, wherein an outer side of a wall of a housing, that at least partially contains the dewar, remains less than about 50 degrees Celsius during heat generation in the burner, and recycling heat from the burner back into the burner, wherein recycling comprises supplying pre-heated gas to the burner directly from the dewar chamber after it has been heated in the dewar chamber. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the fuel processor is configured such that a wall of the burner is no greater than 10 millimeters from a nearest wall of the housing. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the generating heat further comprises heating a heating element in the burner. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the passing further comprises flowing the process gas or liquid through the dewar chamber in a direction that at least partially counters a flow direction of the process gas or liquid passing through the burner chamber. 17. The method of claim 13 further comprising: passing the process gas or liquid through the second dewar chamber before the dewar chamber receives the process gas or liquid, the second dewar chamber formed between the housing and the dewar wall; and heating the process gas or liquid in the second dewar chamber using heat generated in the burner. 18. The method of claim 13 wherein the burner comprises a catalyst wash coated on a wall of the burner. 19. The method of claim 13 wherein the fuel processor includes a monolithic structure that includes a single material and forms a wall of a reformer chamber included in the reformer, a wall of a burner chamber included in the burner, and a wall of a dewar chamber included in the dewar. 20. A method for generating hydrogen in a fuel processor, the fuel processor comprising a burner, a reformer and a dewar that at least partially contains the burner and reformer, the method comprising: combusting a fuel source in the burner to generate heat in burner; transferring heat from the burner to a dewar chamber via conductive heat transfer using a wall shared by the dewar chamber and the burner; passing a process gas or liquid through the dewar chamber bordered by the wall shared by the dewar chamber and the burner recycling the heat transferred from the burner back into the burner, wherein recycling comprises: heating the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber using heat transferred to the dewar wall from the burner to form a pre-heated gas or liquid; and supplying the process gas to the burner or reformer by supplying pre-heated process gas from the dewar chamber directly to the burner after it has been heated in the dewar chamber; transferring heat generated in the burner to the reformer; and reforming the fuel source to produce hydrogen, wherein the fuel processor comprises a monolithic structure formed of a single material and wherein the monolithic structure is an integrated structure that forms a wall of a reformer chamber included in the reformer, a wall of a burner chamber included in the burner, and a wall of a dewar chamber included in the dewar, the monolithic structure formed by extrusion, casting, or sintering.

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Fuel processor dewar and methods

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