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A direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system including certain requisite heating/cooling load calculations, certain operational refrigerant pressures, refrigerant tubing design lengths in varying soils, refrigerant tubing sizing per ton of system design capacity, refrigerant tubing sizing at v

A direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system including certain requisite heating/cooling load calculations, certain operational refrigerant pressures, refrigerant tubing design lengths in varying soils, refrigerant tubing sizing per ton of system design capacity, refrigerant tubing sizing at varying sub-surface installation depths, lowering refrigerant tubing into a borehole via rope, encasing the lower segment of refrigerant tubing within a solid encasement, providing a bar for rope attachment, using a winch to raise and lower refrigerant tubing, certain sizing of the compressor, certain air handler sizing, certain accumulator sizing, certain sizing of metering devices in the heating mode and in the cooling mode, parameters for charging the system, certain sizing of the receiver, utilizing certain grout for corrosion protection and for enhanced heat transfer, providing a fluid filled pipe within a borehole to contain accessible refrigerant tubing, providing a certain fluid fill for the pipe, one of providing a certain time delay on the low pressure cut off switch and of eliminating the switch, providing a certain oil separator return line location, and providing a certain amount of lubricating oil.

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What is claimed is: 1. A method of designing a direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system having a heating mode and a cooling mode, the method comprising: providing an interior air heat exchanger; providing an exterior, subterranean heat exchanger; charging the system with a refrigerant so th

What is claimed is: 1. A method of designing a direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system having a heating mode and a cooling mode, the method comprising: providing an interior air heat exchanger; providing an exterior, subterranean heat exchanger; charging the system with a refrigerant so that the refrigerant has a head pressure in the cooling mode of approximately 305-405 psi, and a suction pressure in the heating mode of approximately 80-160 psi. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing an R-410A refrigerant. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a polyolester oil in the direct expansion system. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a single piston metering device in the heating mode, with a pin restrictor (Aeroquip type) sizing as follows, based on central hole bore size in inches, utilized, plus or minus a maximum of two (2) one thousandths of an inch (0.001) central hole bore size, within the following depth ranges: Maximum Heating Tonnage Design . . . Pin Restrictor Central Bore Hole Size in Inches *0 to 50 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.041 2 0.049 2.5 0.055 3 0.059 3.5 0.063 4 0.065 4.5 0.068 5 0.071 *51 to 175 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.039 2 0.047 2.5 0.052 3 0.056 3.5 0.060 4 0.062 4.5 0.065 5 0.067 *176 to 300 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.037 2 0.044 2.5 0.050 3 0.053 3.5 0.057 4 0.059 4.5 0.061 5 0.064; 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing, in the cooling mode, a self-adjusting thermostatic expansion valve which is located proximate to the interior heat exchanger and is sized at 140%, plus or minus 10% of 100%, of a maximum compressor tonnage design capacity in the cooling mode; providing a single piston metering device situated proximate to the interior heat exchanger in the cooling mode, with a pin restrictor (Aeroquip type) sizing as follows, based on central hole bore size in inches, utilized, plus or minus a maximum of two (2) one thousandths of an inch (0.001) central hole bore size, within the following depth ranges: Maximum Cooling Tonnage Design—Pin Restrictor Size in Inches *0 to 50 feet (height of interior air handler above the compressor unit) 1.5 0.058 2 0.070 2.5 0.077 3 0.085 3.5 0.093 4 0.099 4.5 0.100 5 0.112; 6. The method of claim 1, in which charging the system further includes obtaining a peak operational efficiency in the cooling mode with a superheat of approximately 10 to 25 degrees F., a head pressure in the heating mode of approximately 195 to 275 PSI, a suction pressure in the cooling mode of approximately 80 to 160 PSI, and a suction/vapor temperature of approximately 37 to 55 degree degrees F. 7. A direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system having a heating mode and a cooling mode, the system comprising; an interior air heat exchanger; an exterior, subterranean heat exchanger; and a refrigerant disposed in the system and sufficiently charged to have a head pressure in the cooling mode of approximately 305-405 psi, and a suction pressure in the heating mode of approximately 80-160 psi. 8. The system of claim 7, in which the refrigerant comprises an R-410A refrigerant. 9. The system of claim 7, further comprising a polyolester oil in the direct expansion system. 10. The system of claim 7, further comprising a single piston metering device in the heating mode, with a pin restrictor (Aeroquip type) sizing as follows, based on central hole bore size in inches, utilized, plus or minus a maximum of two (2) one thousandths of an inch (0.001) central hole bore size, within the following depth ranges: Maximum Heating Tonnage Design . . . Pin Restrictor Central Bore Hole Size in Inches *0 to 50 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.041 2 0.049 2.5 0.055 3 0.059 3.5 0.063 4 0.065 4.5 0.068 5 0.071 *51 to 175 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.039 2 0.047 2.5 0.052 3 0.056 3.5 0.060 4 0.062 4.5 0.065 5 0.067 *176 to 300 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.037 2 0.044 2.5 0.050 3 0.053 3.5 0.057 4 0.059 4.5 0.061 5 0.064; 11. The system of claim 7, further comprising, in the cooling mode, a self-adjusting thermostatic expansion valve which is located proximate to the interior heat exchanger and is sized at 140%, plus or minus 10% of 100%, of a maximum compressor tonnage design capacity in the cooling mode; providing a single piston metering device situated proximate to the interior heat exchanger in the cooling mode, with a pin restrictor (Aeroquip type) sizing as follows, based on central hole bore size in inches, utilized, plus or minus a maximum of two (2) one thousandths of an inch (0.001) central hole bore size, within the following depth ranges: Maximum Cooling Tonnage Design—Pin Restrictor Size in Inches *0 to 50 feet (height of interior air handler above the compressor unit) 1.5 0.058 2 0.070 2.5 0.077 3 0.085 3.5 0.093 4 0.099 4.5 0.100 5 0.112; 12. The system of claim 7, further comprising charging the system with the refrigerant to obtain a peak operational efficiency in the cooling mode with a superheat of approximately 10 to 25 degrees F., a head pressure in the heating mode of approximately 195 to 275 PSI, a suction pressure in the cooling mode of approximately 80 to 160 PSI, and a suction/vapor temperature of approximately 37 to 55 degrees F. 13. A method of designing a direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system having a cooling mode and a heating mode, the method comprising: providing an R-410A refrigerant; and providing a single piston metering device in the heating mode, with a pin restrictor (Aeroquip type) sizing as follows, based on central hole bore size in inches, utilized, plus or minus a maximum of two (2) one thousandths of an inch (0.001) central hole bore size, within the following depth ranges: Maximum Heating Pin Restrictor Central Tonnage Design Bore Hole Size in Inches *0 to 50 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.041 2 0.049 2.5 0.055 3 0.059 3.5 0.063 4 0.065 4.5 0.068 5 0.071 *51 to 175 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.039 2 0.047 2.5 0.052 3 0.056 3.5 0.060 4 0.062 4.5 0.065 5 0.067 *176 to 300 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.037 2 0.044 2.5 0.050 3 0. 053 3.5 0.057 4 0.059 4.5 0.061 5  0.064. 14. A method of designing a direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system having a cooling mode and a heating mode, the method comprising: providing an R-410A refrigerant; and charging the system with the refrigerant to obtain a peak operational efficiency in the cooling mode with a superheat of approximately 10 to 25 degrees F., a head pressure in the heating mode of approximately 195 to 275 PSI, a suction pressure in the cooling mode of approximately 80 to 160 PSI, and a suction/vapor temperature of approximately 37 to 55 degrees F. 15. A method of designing a direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system having a cooling mode and a heating mode, the method comprising: providing a refrigerant with heating/cooling operational working pressures between 80 psi and 405 psi; and providing a single piston metering device in the heating mode, with a pin restrictor (Aeroquip type) sizing, based on central hole bore size in inches, utilized, plus or minus a maximum of two (2) one thousandths of an inch (0.001) central hole bore size, within the following depth ranges: Maximum Heating Pin Restrictor Central Tonnage Design Bore Hole Size in Inches *0 to 50 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.041 2 0.049 2.5 0.055 3 0.059 3.5 0.063 4 0.065 4.5 0.068 5 0.071 *51 to 175 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.039 2 0.047 2.5 0.052 3 0.056 3.5 0.060 4 0.062 4.5 0.065 5 0.067 *176 to 300 feet (depth of borehole below compressor unit) 1.5 0.037 2 0.044 2.5 0.050 3 0.053 3.5 0.057 4 0.059 4.5 0.061 5  0.064. 16. A method of designing a direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system having a cooling mode and a heating mode, the method comprising: providing a refrigerant with heating/cooling operational working pressures between 80 psi and 405 psi; and charging the system with the refrigerant to obtain a peak operational efficiency in the cooling mode with a superheat of approximately 10 to 25 degrees F., a head pressure in the heating mode of approximately 195 to 275 PSI, a suction pressure in the cooling mode of approximately 80 to 160 PSI, and a suction/vapor temperature of approximately 37 to 55 degrees F. 17. A method of designing a direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system having a cooling mode and a heating mode, the method comprising: providing an interior air heat exchanger; providing an exterior, subterranean heat exchanger, the exterior heat exchanger including heat exchange tubing, at least a portion of the heat exchange tubing having a subterranean depth of approximately 100-300 feet; and charging the system with an R-410A refrigerant until the refrigerant has a head pressure in the cooling mode of approximately 305-405 psi, and a suction pressure in the heating mode of approximately 80-160 psi. 18. A direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system having a cooling mode and a heating mode, the system comprising: an interior air heat exchanger; an exterior, subterranean heat exchanger, the exterior heat exchanger including heat exchange tubing, at least a portion of the heat exchange tubing having a subterranean depth of approximately 100-300 feet; and an R-410A refrigerant disposed in the system, the R-410A refrigerant having a charge sufficient to obtain a head pressure in the cooling mode of approximately 305-405 psi, and a suction pressure in the heating mode of approximately 80-160 psi.