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Low emissivity glazing which is an assembly of thin layers including at least one metal layer reflecting infrared rays between one or more dielectric layers located between the metal layer and the glass sheet and on the metal layer, the light transmission of one clear float glass sheet 4 mm thick co

Low emissivity glazing which is an assembly of thin layers including at least one metal layer reflecting infrared rays between one or more dielectric layers located between the metal layer and the glass sheet and on the metal layer, the light transmission of one clear float glass sheet 4 mm thick coated with said layers being not less than 83%, the metal layer being selected such that the emissivity is not higher than 0.042.

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The invention claimed is: 1. A coated transparent substrate which carries a coating stack, the coating stack being in direct contact with the transparent substrate and the coating stack including: at least one metallic coating layer including silver or a silver alloy; two non-absorbent transparent

The invention claimed is: 1. A coated transparent substrate which carries a coating stack, the coating stack being in direct contact with the transparent substrate and the coating stack including: at least one metallic coating layer including silver or a silver alloy; two non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layers in contact with each metallic coating layer, wherein each dielectric coating layer in the coating stack includes a sub-layer based on a partially but not totally oxidized combination of at least two metals, wherein a dielectric coating layer between the substrate and a metallic coating layer closest to the substrate includes a first sub-layer of an oxide of a metal selected from Ti, Ta, Nb and Sn in contact with the metallic coating layer closest to the substrate, and a second sub-layer based on a partially but not totally oxidized combination of at least two metals that is in direct contact with the first sub-layer and is not in direct contact with the metallic coating layer closest to the substrate, wherein the coated substrate has not been subjected to bending or tempering heat treatment, and wherein the coated substrate is adapted to withstand a bending or tempering heat treatment. 2. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein the said combination of two metals is based on Ni and Cr. 3. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein the dielectric coating layer positioned between the substrate and the first metallic coating layer comprises sub-layers of metal oxides or of oxides of combinations of metals. 4. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least the sub-layer based on a partially oxidized combination of two metals which is closest to the substrate is in contact with an underlying sub-layer of an oxide of titanium. 5. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least one of the two non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layers comprises a sub-layer of at least one nitride. 6. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 5, wherein the at least one nitride is a nitride of Si, Al, or a combination of these elements. 7. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least one metallic coating layer is selected from the group consisting of silver, a combination of silver and platinum, a combination of silver and palladium, and a combination of silver, platinum and palladium. 8. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein the coating stack contains a single metallic coating layer. 9. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 8, wherein the optical thickness of a dielectric coating layer closest to the substrate is between 50 and 90 nm, that of the other dielectric coating layer is between 63 and 110 nm, that of the sub-layers based on a combination of two metals is between 3 and 24 nm and the geometrical thickness of the metallic coating layer is between 8 and 15 nm. 10. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein the substrate is adapted to undergo a tempering or bending type of heat treatment so as to give a haze of less than 0.3%. 11. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein the substrate is adapted to undergo a tempering or bending type of heat treatment so as to give an emissivity of less than 0.08 after heat treatment. 12. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein the substrate is adapted to undergo a tempering or bending type of heat treatment so that after heat treatment the luminous transmittance of the substrate under Illuminant A varies by less than 10%, its color purity in reflection varies by less than 5% and its dominant wavelength in reflection varies by less than 3 nm with respect to the values of the non heat-treated substrate. 13. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the coating stack comprises, in order, the transparent substrate, a first non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer, a first metallic coating layer, an intermediate non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer, a second metallic coating layer and a third non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer. 14. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 13, characterized in that the optical thickness of the dielectric coating layer closest to the substrate is between 50 and 80 nm, that of the dielectric coating layer spaced furthest from the substrate is between 40 and 63 nm, that of the intermediate dielectric coating layer is between 130 and 163 nm, that of the sub-layers based on a composition of two metals is between 3 and 24 nm and the geometrical thickness of the metallic coating layers is between 8 and 15 nm. 15. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, wherein the substrate is adapted to undergo a tempering or bending type of heat treatment so as to give a haze of less than 0.5% and a TLA greater than 76% after heat treatment. 16. A multiple glazing comprising a coated substrate in accordance with claim 1. 17. A laminated glazing comprising a coated substrate in accordance with claim 1. 18. A vehicle windshield comprising a coated substrate in accordance with claim 1. 19. Method of manufacturing a transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that at least one metallic coating layer is sputter deposited in an oxidizing atmosphere comprising less than 10% oxygen. 20. Method in accordance with claim 19, characterized in that the said atmosphere comprises 3 to 7% oxygen. 21. A coated transparent substrate comprising: a. a glass substrate; b. a first non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer comprising i. a first dielectric sub-layer, ii. a second dielectric sub-layer based on a partially but not completely oxidized combination of Ni and Cr, and iii. a third dielectric sub-layer of an oxide of a metal selected from Ti, Ta, Nb and Sn, wherein the second dielectric sub-layer is in contact with the first and third dielectric sub-layers, and the third dielectric sub-layer is in contact with a metallic coating layer including silver or a silver alloy; and c. a second non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer comprising a sub-layer based on a partially but not totally oxidized combination of Ni and Cr, wherein the coated transparent substrate has not been subjected to bending or tempering heat treatment, and wherein the coated transparent substrate is adapted to withstand a bending or tempering heat treatment. 22. A coated transparent substrate consisting essentially of, in order: d. a glass substrate; e. a first non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer comprising iv. a first dielectric sub-layer, v. a second dielectric sub-layer based on a partially but not completely oxidized combination of Ni and Cr, and vi. a third dielectric sub-layer of an oxide of a metal selected from Ti, Ta, Nb and Sn, wherein the second dielectric sub-layer is in contact with the first and third dielectric sub-layers, and the third dielectric sub-layer is in contact with a first metallic coating layer including silver or a silver alloy; f. a second non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer comprising a sub-layer based on a partially but not totally oxidized combination of Ni and Cr; g. a second metallic coating layer including silver or a silver alloy; and h. a third non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer comprising a sub-layer based on a partially but not totally oxidized combination of Ni and Cr, wherein the coated transparent substrate has not been subjected to bending or tempering heat treatment, and wherein the coated transparent substrate is adapted to withstand a bending or tempering heat treatment. 23. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 21, wherein the first dielectric sub-layer comprises an oxide of titanium. 24. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 21, wherein at least one of the first and second non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layers comprises a sub-layer of at least one nitride. 25. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 24, wherein the at least one nitride is a nitride of Si, Al, or a combination of these elements. 26. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 21, wherein the at least one metallic coating layer is selected from the group consisting of silver, a combination of silver and platinum, a combination of silver and palladium, and a combination of silver, platinum and palladium. 27. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 21, wherein the coating stack contains a single metallic coating layer. 28. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 27, wherein the optical thickness of a non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer closest to the substrate is between 50 and 90 nm, that of the other non-absorbent transparent dielectric coating layer is between 63 and 110 nm, that of the second dielectric sub-layer is between 3 and 24 nm and the geometrical thickness of the metallic coating layer is between 8 and 15 nm. 29. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 21, wherein the substrate is adapted to undergo a tempering or bending type of heat treatment so as to give a haze of less than 0.3%. 30. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 21, wherein the substrate is adapted to undergo a tempering or bending type of heat treatment so as to give an emissivity of less than 0.08 after heat treatment. 31. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 21, wherein the substrate is adapted to undergo a tempering or bending type of heat treatment so that after heat treatment the luminous transmittance of the substrate under Illuminant A varies by less than 10%, its color purity in reflection varies by less than 5% and its dominant wavelength in reflection varies by less than 3 nm with respect to the values of the non heat-treated substrate. 32. A transparent substrate carrying a coating stack in accordance with claim 21, wherein the substrate is adapted to undergo a tempering or bending type of heat treatment so as to give a haze of less than 0.5% and a TLA greater than 76% after heat treatment. 33. A multiple glazing comprising a coated substrate in accordance with claim 21. 34. A laminated glazing comprising a coated substrate in accordance with claim 21. 35. A vehicle windshield comprising a coated substrate in accordance with claim 21.